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Biomedical subjects

E J Yunis

Publications and source records attributed to E J Yunis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Urticaria. An immunofluorescence and histopathology study.

Fourteen randomly chosen patients with "garden variety" urticaria were studied for the presence of vasculitis and immunoglobulins and complement. Results of direct immunofluorescence (DIF) of the involved skin were negative, although two patients had immunoglobulins and complement demonstrable in the cytoplasm of the epidermal cells. Results of DIF of uninvolved skin were also predominantly negative. Findings from serum samples tested by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) were negative, except for one positive in low titer (1:10, the basement membrane zone). Serum C3 and C4 levels were normal in five patients, both levels were low in two, and the C4 level was low in one patient. No skin-reactive immunoglobulins were found in these three patients by DIF or IIF. The ESR was measured and found to be elevated in four patients. Results of immunofluorescence proved negative in these cases. Of the 12 patients studied by hematoxylineosin staining to determine histology, none exhibited vasculitis. We believe that vasculitis with antigen-antibody reactions is not the rule in "garden variety" urticaria.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of anti-HLA antisera on macrophage-T-cell interactions.

Human T lymphocytes were shown to proliferate in response to tetanus toxoid antigen only in the presence of macrophages. This response was inhibited by anti-DRw but not by anti-HLA (A and B loci) antisera added to the cultures and by pretreatment of macrophages but not of T cells with anti-DRw antisera and complement. Macrophages pulsed for 18 hr with antigen and then washed were capable of triggering T-cell proliferation. Addition of anti-DRw but not anti-HLA (A and B loci) antisera during the pulse period inhibited the macrophages' ability to trigger T-cell proliferation. The data obtained indicate that human T cells recognize and proliferate in response to antigen presented by the macrophages in association with Ia-like antigens.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1979

Cellular immunity in aging.

Our study of the aging process in human beings and in mice is complicated by our need to know whether we are observing diseases of aging or natural nondisease state processes. Results from studies on inbred strains of mice and retrospective studies on HLA types in aging human populations suggest that genetic effects play a significant role in predetermining the life span of an individual. It is clear that in such mouse strains genetic defects that affect cell regulatory mechanisms result in the production of autoimmune reactivity, tumor development, and a shortened life span. In human beings, although results are less clear-cut, strong associations exist between some disease states and the HLA type. Also, the disappearance of HLA-B8 from older women suggests that this HLA type does not confer longevity. Cellular immune reactivity declines with age in all populations studied to date, and cell cooperative or regulatory mechanisms function less well. We need to characterize the specific nature of the cells directly responsible for these alterations and to attempt to correct deficiencies by dietary manipulation or transfer techniques.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Linkage relationship of C2 deficiency, HLA and glyoxalase I loci.

Immunogenetic analysis of a homozygous C2-deficient individual and family members demonstrated linkage of HLA-A25, B18 and C2o. HLA-D typing showed that 5 members typed with homozygous Dw2 typing cells from an individual with C2 deficiency but not with Dw2 typing cells from 2 individuals with normal C2. The homozygous C2-deficient propositus and brother were HLA-A and B homozygous but heterozygous at the HLA-D and glyoxalase I loci. Therefore, in this family, the C2o gene is linked with two distinct haplotypes: HLA-A25, B18, Dw2, GLO1 and HLA-A25, B18, D unknown, GL02. These results could be explained by an ancestral recombinant event, which occurred between the C2o locus and HLA-D locus in which C2o segregated with HLA-B. This would suggest that the locus for the C2o gene maps between HLA-B and HLA-D on the sixth chromosome.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1979

DRw antisera react with activated T cells.

Nylon wool-purified T cells appear to be nonreactive in a lymphocytotoxicity assay with HLA-DRw antisera and complement before cell activation. However, after activation in mixed lymphocyte culture, responder cells express determinants that are strongly reactive with DRw alloantisera after 6 days and gradually disappear by 16 to 18 days. Restimulation of the primed cells resulted in re-expression of the blast determinants. Mitogenic stimulation with Con A or purified PHA (HA-17) also resulted in temporary expression of these determinants; reactivity usually conformed to DRw genetic restriction; however, occasional extra reactions occurred that were variable depending on the method of activation (i.e., MLC, Con A, or HA-17). The results suggest the presence of additional allospecificities within some of the DRw antisera that react with "Ia-like" antigens on activated cells from unique subsets of T cells. Whether these DRw antisera contain antibodies against T cells or agains activation or differentiation T cell antigens is not as yet clear.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Markers of human T cell subsets identified by alloantisera.

Analysis by the indirect fluorescence test followed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis has shown that antisera recognizing subsets of human T lymphocytes can be produced by planned immunizations involving HLA-A and HLA-B compatible donors. The reactivity of these antisera against some individuals of a population but not others shows that they recognize a polymorphic cell surface component. The reactive subpopulation largely overlaps with the JRA+ subset, which was previously shown to possess regulatory properties in functional assays. The specificity of the antisera for a T cell subset and the unrelatedness of the anti-B cell activity of the same antisera has been confirmed by two-color fluorescence tests.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1979

Glycogen in neuroblastomas. A light- and electron-microscopic study of 40 cases.

A light- and electron-microscopic review of 40 cases diagnosed at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh as ganglioneuroblastoma, neuroblastoma, or small round cell tumor-probably neuroblastoma disclosed four cases that contained abundant glycogen. Two were unquestionable neuroblastomas by electron microscopy; one was primary in the adrenal gland, the other in the mediastinum. In the third case, a paraspinal tumor, the light-microscopic appearance was suggestive or neuroblastoma, but no catecholamine granules or neural processes were demonstrated in the material available for electron microscopy. The fourth case was an undifferentiated malignant tumor in the pectoralis muscle of a 12-year-old girl. By electron microscopy, neural processes were demonstrated and the tumor was classified as peripheral neuroblastoma. Of the remaining 36 cases, electron microscopy readily indicated a diagnosis of neuroblastoma or glangioneuroblastoma in 35 of them. In the other case, the tissue had been fixed in formalin and only a few catecholamine granules were found after an extensive search.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The genetics of PLT response. II. HLA-DRw is a major PLT-stimulating determinant.

PLT response is restricted by the HLA-D region. The present study was undertaken to help define the role of HLA-DRw in PLT restimulation. Haplotype-primed intrafamily PLT cells were made against specificities HLA-DRw1, HLA-DRw3, and HLA-DRw7; each PLT was then restimulated with cells from a 35-member unrelated panel. Restimulation values for each PLT were subjected to bimodal clustering analysis. In addition, blocking experiments were performed with other intrafamily and homozygous typing cell PLT after preincubation with B cell alloantisera. The results show a high correlation (0.881 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 1.00) between the HLA-DRw specificity of the priming haplotype and the HLA-DRw specificity of unrelated panel cells that restimulate in PLT. When stimulating cells were absorbed with the corresponding DRw alloantisera or p29,34 heteroantiserum (against B cell specific antigens), PLT restimulation was significantly blocked. However, the PLT cells treated with antisera showed no effect. The results strongly suggest that HLA-DRw is the principal PLT-stimulating determinant.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1979

B lymphocyte determinants in immunoglobulin A nephropathy.

Because of our prior demonstration of a strong association betwen a specific B lymphocyte determinant and the occurrence of chronic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and the demonstration by others of the frequent concurrence of an IgA deposit disease, anaphylactoid purpura nephritis,with HLA-BW35, we conducted an investigation of the association among Minnesota Caucasians of the HLA markers BW35, DW1 and B lymphocyte determinants identified by three alloantisera with IgA nephropathy and the syndrome of recurrent macroscopic hematuria. The highly significant association between HLA-BW35, DW1, and B cell antigens identified by alloantisera L, B, and F, present in 50 normal Minnesota Caucasians, was not observed in 18 Minnesota patients with IgA nephropathy. The frequency of HLA-DW1 was the same among controls and patients, whereas the relative risk of developing IgA nephropathy was demonstrated to be increased 4- to 5-fold in the presence of the B cell antigens identified by alloantisera L and B. These sera appear to identify determinants on B lymphocytes associated with the disease state and possibly not intimately related to the HLA-D region. These findings emphasize the possible informativeness of defining B cell alloantisera on disease panels.

Antilymphocyte Serum↗
PubMed1978

Peripheral human T cells sensitized in mixed leukocyte culture synthesize and express Ia-like antigens.

We have studied the modulation of Ia-like antigens on the surface membrane of human T cells responding in a one-way mixed leukocyte culture. A heterologous antiserum, (anti-p23,30), which is specific to HLA-D-related antigens and which is unreactive with normal peripheral T cells or thymocytes, was found to bind significantly to all T cells transformed in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) as determined by indirect immunofluorescence on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter 1. Furthermore, cytotoxic T cells responsible for cell-mediated lympholysis were shown to react with anti-p23,30, whereas their unactivated progenitors did not. Immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of a radioactive 29,000 and 34,000 dalton complex from MLC-primed T cells labeled with [35S]methionine indicated that allosensitized T cells synthesized these HLA-D-related antigens.

Antigens, Surface↗