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Biomedical subjects

E J Stone

Publications and source records attributed to E J Stone.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

ACCESS: keystones for school health promotion.

This article provides a perspective on the three elements that traditionally constitute school health programs in the U.S. and describes a new model called ACCESS. Consisting of five major keystones, ACCESS provides an organizational structure for planning, implementing, and evaluating school health promotion programs. In addition, the model provides a reference point for international comparisons of school health.

Health Promotion↗
PubMed1990

United States: perspectives in school health.

An overview is presented of school health programs being conducted in the U.S. as well as the U.S. education system. Major health problems of youth are identified and initiatives to improve the health of school-aged youth are reviewed. With the start of the new decade, it will be important to use and disseminate the findings from ongoing school health programs and research projects, to address the growing social issues for children and adolescents that directly affect their physical health, and to broaden the scope of school health to include issues of psychological or mental health, issues related to social competencies, dysfunctional family lives, or major life events.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

School-based cardiovascular health promotion: the child and adolescent trial for cardiovascular health (CATCH).

The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) is a multisite intervention research study that builds on significant progress made in school health education research in the 1980s. The study has three phases: Phase I deals with study design, intervention, and measurement development, Phase II involves the main trial in 96 schools in four states, and Phase III focuses on analysis. The intervention program targets third-fifth grade students and focuses on multiple cardiovascular health behaviors, including eating habits, physical activity, and cigarette smoking. Classroom curricula, school environmental change, and family involvement programs are developed for each grade level and behavioral focus. This paper describes Phase II of CATCH with a rationale for cardiovascular health promotion with youth. The process of change that appears to be necessary for school-based health promotion and that will be tested in CATCH are presented as a framework to guide these efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in U.S. medical students: the Preventive Cardiology Academic Award Collaborative Data Project.

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease are commonly obtained in freshman medical students for the purpose of increasing interest and awareness in preventive cardiology. What would be a normal range of values for this select group? This paper describes the major cardiovascular risk factors for 3,811 male and female freshman medical students from eight U.S. medical schools that were obtained in a standardized fashion as part of the Preventive Cardiology Academic Award (PCAA) programs at these institutions. The distributions of height, weight, Quetelet index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are presented for male and female medical students stratified by race into white, black, Asian, and Hispanic groups. The sex and race distributions of cardiovascular risk factors such as previously diagnosed hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, lack of regular exercise (three times a week or more), oral contraceptive use in women, and family history of coronary heart disease are presented. The cardiovascular risk of freshman medical students is compared to other epidemiologic studies of young adults. The use and limitations of these race- and sex-specific data on cardiovascular risk, including physiologic measurements, are discussed in the context of educational programs for medical students and house staff in preventive cardiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The Preventive Cardiology Academic Award program: a focus on physician education.

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has funded the Preventive Cardiology Academic Award (PCAA) for more than a decade. The background for focusing on physicians in training and prevention is reviewed, as well as the status of the 49 medical schools that have received the award. This report presents a synthesis of the objectives for the award, curricular approaches, and teaching strategies employed by awardees and also the framework for program evaluation. The degree of institutionalization of the programs and the diffusion nationally as well as trends in the program over the past decade are examined.

Awards and Prizes↗
PubMed1989

Synthesis of cardiovascular behavioral research for youth health promotion.

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has funded school and family-based research studies for more than a decade. The scientific background for focusing on the major cardiovascular health behaviors with youth is reviewed, as well as the importance of the components in the school health program as a framework for the multiple considerations in school health research. A synthesis of 10 NHLBI funded studies is presented including the sociodemographic characteristics of study populations, study designs, interventions, measures, and results. The studies address single or multiple behaviors, elementary and high school age groups, and multiple ethnic/racial groups, and test various combinations of curriculum, parental involvement, and environmental changes (including school food service).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Research design and analysis issues.

The overall perspective of this article is the need for researchers of school-based health promotion to make more progressive use of existing statistical methods to improve both the rigor and the efficiency of school-based experiments. Investigative teams working in the school setting have an advantage over health education researchers working in communities or worksites in that they have greater choice of the experimental unit and usually easier access to large clusters of units. They are, therefore, in a position to make optimal use of a wide variety of experimental designs and observation strategies. In order to make full use of this advantage, however, researchers in this field need to assemble multidisciplinary teams, including researchers from other fields who are not restricted by the traditional approaches evident in many of the current school studies. Such teams should include statisticians and epidemiologists who have broadly-based experimental design and survey experience to work with the health educators and other behavioral and biomedical scientists.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed1988

Attitudes toward prevention of cardiovascular diseases among first-year students at eight American medical schools, 1983-1985.

First-year medical students at eight U.S. medical schools were surveyed by written questionnaire in 1983-1985 to determine their attitudes toward cardiovascular diseases prevention at medical school entry. An overall response rate of 92% was achieved (2,654 questionnaires), and 97% of responders provided complete and analyzable survey data. Response rates at five of eight medical schools were 98-100%, and one school each had rates of 67, 84, or 90%. Differences in mean attitude responses from school to school were small, as were differences between men and women or between blacks and whites. This survey found that entering medical students have generally positive attitudes toward the effectiveness of preventive cardiology practice as well as toward the importance of research efforts in cardiovascular disease prevention. Students frequently indicated, however, that it is "extremely difficult" to change patients' unhealthful habits and that "physician encouragement" may not be sufficient to help patients achieve more healthful behaviors. These findings could be helpful in directing educational efforts for medical students. The data suggest that major emphasis should be placed on conveying facts regarding the physicians' efficacy in clinical preventive cardiology and on teaching the skills of preventive cardiology practice. Less emphasis appears to be necessary on encouraging positive attitudes about the importance of prevention since current students' attitudes appear to be already positive in this dimension.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1985

School-based health research funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

This paper presents a brief overview of the trends in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding for school-based research and describes the school-based research initiatives for cardiovascular health promotion and disease prevention at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). Currently, 15 cardiovascular school-based research studies are funded at the NHLBI. A summary table and a brief description are provided for each study including the name of the investigator, the name of the institute awarded the grant, the funding period, grade levels and racial/ethnic groups in each study, intervention components, research design, outcome measures, and a capsule of reported results.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Initiation of a voluntary certification program for health education specialists.

As health education has become a major strategy for addressing current health problems, the need for expertise in health education has increased. Today health education specialists work not only in health agencies and educational institutions but also in hospitals and other health and medical facilities, in businesses and industries, and in consulting firms. To promote quality assurance in the delivery of health education services to the public, the profession has launched a voluntary credentialing system for health education specialists. Seven areas of responsibilities and the competencies that they require have been delineated as generic to the practice of entry level health education specialists, regardless of the setting (for example, school, health agency, work site) where they work. The purposes and rationale for new National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, Inc., are described as well as the benefits of certification for the profession. The events and accomplishments of the past decade that have provided the foundation for the newly established credentialing program for the health education profession are chronicled.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obtaining an NIH grant: basic building blocks.

The purpose of this paper was to explain the NIH research grant process and highlight competencies for attracting research funding. This information should help readers obtain financial support for important cardiovascular research, especially in the prevention area.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗