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Biomedical subjects

E J Smith

Publications and source records attributed to E J Smith.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Identification of broiler breeders congenitally transmitting avian leukosis virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Seventy-two female broiler breeders produced 500 pedigreed chicks that were classified as infected or free of avian leukosis virus (ALV) by assay for ALV in their meconia. The albumen of one egg produced by each dam was assayed for group-specific (gs) antigen by the complement fixation (CF) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cloacal swabs of dams were assayed for gs antigen by ELISA. Assays on albumens differentiated between transmitting and nontransmitting dams slightly better than swabs. The ELISA was more sensitive than the CF test on albumens, but more nontransmitting dams were positive by ELISA. The ELISA and virus assay on the same samples of swabs and meconia were highly correlated.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The ontogeny of blood cells, complement, and immunoglobulins in 3- to 12-week-old 15I5-B congenic white Leghorn chickens.

Six partially developed line 15I5-B congenic White Leghorn chicken strains were used to investigate age and B haplotype effects on hematocrit, total and differential leukocyte counts, hemolytic complement, immunoglobulins, and body weights. The .C-12 line had the lowest hematocrit values throughout the study. The .15I-5 line always had the highest mean hematocrit value and differed from the .C-12 and .P-13 lines at 3, 8, and 12 weeks, as well as lines .N-15 and .6-2 at 12 weeks. Ontogenically, the total leukocyte, hemolytic complement, immunoglobulins, and body weight values increased after 3 weeks in all lines. Lymphocytes were the predominant leukocyte after 3 weeks in all lines studied. At 12 weeks, the .C-12 line had the highest total leukocytes, heterophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes among the lines studied. The .6-2 line had a significantly higher hemolytic complement level than the .P-13 or the .C-12 line at all 3 ages, and at 12 weeks it also differed from the .7-2 line. The lines were found to be comparable for immunoglobulin classes M and G. In this study the line 15I5-B congenic lines differ for the traits of hematocrit and hemolytic complement level, and the results suggest the difference may be determined by genes in the B complex.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Incidence of lameness in dairy cows.

A survey of the number of treatments for lameness in 21,000 dairy cows from 185 herds in the University of Edinburgh/Dalgety Spillers dairy herd health and productivity service in England and Wales showed an average incidence of cases of 25 per cent. Veterinary surgeons treated 6.3 per cent and farmers 18.7 per cent and 1.4 per cent of cows were culled because of lameness. Monthly and regional variations were recorded. An assessment of the economic effects suggested that the average annual cost in a 100 cow herd was 1175 pounds with an overall cost to British farmers of more than 35 million pounds. The economic importance is such that research into specific factors affecting foot health should be carried out. Meanwhile, a broad approach to prevention and control of lameness on farms is recommended under the general headings of management/environment, nutrition and breeding.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1983

Idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip. A case report.

A report of a case of idiopathic chondrolysis of the right hip in a 13-year-old Black girl is presented. Radiographs and microbiological and biochemical investigations excluded all other diseases. Cartilage and synovium were removed at biopsy of the right hip. Macroscopic and histopathological studies showed the typical features of idiopathic chondrolysis. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the histological findings. Scanning electron microscopy highlighted the irregular pitted and fibrillated surface of the cartilage. Immunofluorescent studies on cartilage and synovium were negative. The possible pathogenesis of the disease is discussed, but the cause still remains unknown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Independent segregation of ev 10 and ev 11, genetic loci for spontaneous production of endogenous avian retroviruses.

F1 males produced by crossing Regional Poultry Research Laboratory line 15I4 that carries endogenous viral (ev) genes 1, 6, and 10 and a partially defined gene, ev 11, with line 15B that carries ev 1 and 7 were backcrossed to line 15B females. The DNA of 72 progeny embryos was digested by BamHI and Kpn and hybridization of resulting fragments with 32P-labeled viral RNA showed that ev 6, 10, and 11 were autosomal genes and not closely linked, and confirmed that ev 7 was sex linked. ev 10 and 11 were consistently associated with complete virus production, confirming that the newly defined ev 11 codes for a complete endogenous retrovirus.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Glomerular endothelial injury related to renal perfusion. A scanning electron microscopic study.

To elucidate abnormalities in renal morphology related to perfusion preservation, we examined kidneys perfused for 60 hr with a scanning electron microscope. In addition to tubular necrosis and fused glomerular visceral epithelial foot processes, we identified changes in the glomerular endothelial and arterial endothelial surfaces. The glomerular endothelium revealed fenestrae that were smaller and more irregular than normal, as well as abnormal bulbous projections. The arterial endothelium displayed striking degenerative changes. These abnormalities may account for the altered glomerular function and intravascular coagulation that occur in some kidneys preserved by lengthy perfusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Fatty acid composition and primer specificity of de novo fatty acid synthetase in Bacillus globispores, Bacillus insolitus, and Bacillus psychrophilus.

The fatty acid compositions of three psychrophilic species of Bacillus were determined by gas--liquid chromatography. The proportions of straight-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids, and unsaturated fatty acids were found to be 13.3, 86.7, and 26.1% of the total cellular fatty acids for Bacillus globispores, 36.6, 63.4, and 25.1% for Bacillus insolitus, and 6.9, 93.1, and 18.4% for Bacillus psychrophilus, respectively. In all three organisms the de novo fatty acid synthetase specificity towards acyl-CoA primers was butyryl-CoA greater than propionyl-CoA much greater than acetyl-CoA. This shows that B. insolitus, which has an unusually large proportion of straight-chain fatty acids for Bacillus, does not possess a different de novo fatty acid synthetase than the other two organisms. Therefore, the greater proportion of straight-chain fatty acids in B. insolitus may be explained by a large supply of straight-chain primer.

Acyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1983

Incidence of avian leukosis virus infection in broiler stocks and its effect on early growth.

Twenty-eight broiler breeder flocks were tested for avian leukosis virus (ALV) group-specific (gs) antigen shedding into the albumen. The rate of shedding ranged from 0 to 17%, rates substantially lower than those observed previously in egg production stocks. The flock shedding at the highest rate was trap nested and dams positive and negative for gs antigen shedding in the albumen produced progeny for a growth trial. Chicks produced by the positive and negative dams had 27 and 1% ALV isolations from their meconia, respectively. Progeny of positive dams or chicks having virus in their meconia weighed 1 to 3% less at 4 and 7 weeks than progeny of negative dams. More infected chicks died or were runted by 7 weeks. Although the proportion of infected chicks and the lower weight gain is very small, the previously reported loss in breeder flock productivity and livability suggest broiler breeders should consider reducing ALV shedding in higher incidence female lines.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Histoplasmosis in renal allograft recipients. Two large urban outbreaks.

During two large outbreaks, ten episodes of histoplasmosis were documented in eight renal allograft recipients. Another episode occurred before the outbreaks. Associated infections with cytomegalovirus occurred in five patients and may have further impaired cellular immunity. Prolonged fever was the predominant clinical finding; and dissemination was observed in seven of our nine patients, including three with meningitis. Special stains of tissues and the histoplasmal complement fixation test provided useful diagnostic information rapidly, while cultures were eventually positive in seven patients. Treatment with amphotericin B resulted in prompt clinical improvement in all patients, but relapse occurred in two patients one year following therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Transplantation in patients with a history of renal cell carcinoma: long-term results and clinical considerations.

We report four cases of renal transplantation after prior incidental removal of renal cell carcinomas. Follow-up periods ranged from 21 months to 8 years. Our experience provides the first long-term follow-up of such cases and indicates that the overall prognosis is favorable when asymptomatic renal adenocarcinomas are removed prior to renal transplantation. The period between nephrectomy and renal transplantation ranged from 8 hours to 30 months. Three patients had prolonged tumor-free survival, and one died from a widely disseminated second adenocarcinoma 21 months after transplantation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Salmonella mycotic aneurysm after renal transplantation.

A 50-year-old renal transplant recipient had Salmonella sepsis. When antibiotic therapy failed to eradicate the infection, abdominal aortography revealed an unsuspected mycotic aneurysm. After ligation and aneurysmectomy the patient's blood stream became sterile. Mycotic aneurysm should be considered when Salmonella sepsis is unresponsive to antibiotic therapy.

Aneurysm, Infected↗