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Biomedical subjects

E J Russell

Publications and source records attributed to E J Russell.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The radiologic approach to malignant tumors of the head and neck, with emphasis on computed tomography.

Computed tomography is the single most effective tool for the investigation and presurgical mapping of the extent of malignant tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract, paranasal sinuses, orbit, skull base, larynx, and neck. Close cooperation between the primary physician and the radiologist is essential for planning an efficient and cost-effective diagnostic plan. The radiologist may also assist the surgeon by obliterating tumor hypervascularity with preoperative fluoroscopically controlled arterial embolization and occlusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Cervical disk herniation: CT demonstration after contrast enhancement.

Two-millimeter-thick transverse axial CT scans were obtained at the 2, 3, or 4 cervical disk level in 25 patients with cervical radiculopathy. Scans were obtained before and after high dose (bolus/drip) intravenous administration of contrast medium. Clinical signs and symptoms were correlated with radiographic and surgical findings. Ventral epidural and intervertebral foraminal veins were consistently well visualized with this technique. Venous and dural enhancement provided better anatomic definition than did non-contrast CT. Visualization of posterior displacement of the enhanced epidural veins and epidural enhancement surrounding extruded disk fragments on postinfusion studies provided excellent delineation of disk extrusion and in some cases allowed demarcation of multiple discrete free disk fragments. Although noninfusion scans are usually diagnostic and sufficient, the improved anatomic information available from infusion CT may increase diagnostic certainty and in selected cases obviates the need for myelography for accurate diagnosis of patients with focal cervical radiculopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Neurologic applications of interventional radiology.

The development of radiographically controlled interventional procedures directed at neurologic disease can be attributed to improved fluoroscopic and catheterization equipment, new angiographic techniques, continued refinement of embolic materials, and the drive and determination of individual physicians over the past 25 years. In this article, the authors present a comprehensive review of the use of interventional radiology in neurology.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1982

Transverse axial plane anatomy of the temporal bone employing high spatial resolution computed tomography.

Anatomical relationships of temporal bone structures are demonstrated by thin section edge detection computed tomography. Many otic structures are best appreciated in axial view, but reorientation to anatomy as seen in this plane is needed for optimal diagnosis. A level by level review of key structure is presented toward this end. The limitations and advantages of computed tomography are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Falx and interhemispheric fissure on axial CT: I. Normal anatomy.

To determine the normal appearance of the flax and interhemispheric fissure, 200 consecutive normal CT scans were evaluated prospectively. On unenhanced scans, the normal falx is visualized in 90% of patients and therefore interhemispheric hyperdensity alone should not be considered a sign of subarachnoid hemorrhage. The flax is most often (88%) visualized in the posterior part of the interhemispheric fissure, as a hyperdense, pencil-thin line extending from the calvarium to the splenium of the corpus callosum. In the anterior part of the fissure, the falx is visualized in only 38% of patients, when its appearance differs significantly from that of the fissure. It is seen as a thin, hyperdense line extending posteriorly from the calvarium for a variable distance, but it never reaches the genu of the corpus callosum. The interhemispheric fissure is a hypodense structure broader than the falx with a zigzag configuration due to medial frontal sulci. The difference in configuration between the anterior part of the fissure and the anterior falx is very helpful in differentiating subarachnoid hemorrhage from normal falx visualization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Meningeal collateralization to normal cerebral vessels associated with intracerebral arteriovenous malformations: functional angiographic considerations.

External carotid arteries can provide collateral supply to anatomically normal brain tissue, made functionally ischemic by proximal vascular occlusion, or by fistulous shunting of blood through an arteriovenous malformation. The occlusion of such a meningeal collateral at angiography in a case of arteriovenous malformation demonstrated the delicate balances and rapid shifts in flow which may occur in such lesions. Selective injections of contrast materials into external carotid arteries are essential for the investigation of intracerebral arteriovenous malformations, particularly in patients undergoing evaluation for intravascular embolotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Atypical computed tomography features of intracranial meningioma: radiological-pathological correlation in a series of 131 consecutive cases.

While most intracranial meningiomas have characteristic computed tomographic (CT) findings, a significant number produce atypical images that may lead to a spurious histopathological diagnosis. The authors reviewed 131 consecutive, previously untreated cases of meningioma, all confirmed pathologically. Nine cases (7%) were misdiagnosed initially as malignant lesions based on CT findings alone. Features such as irregular areas of nonenhancing mass and well defined regions of persistent low density were the reasons for misdiagnosis. Close correlation with pathological findings of tumor necrosis, hemorrhage, scarring, and cystic change was noted. An unexpectedly high incidence of necrosis in untreated meningioma is noteworthy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

CT in the early diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis.

Herpes simplex is the most common cause of sporadic viral encephalitis. The recent development of specific antiviral chemotherapeutic agents offers new optimism for patients with this disorder if therapy is begun on or before the fifth day of the disease. Eight patients with herpes simplex encephalitis were studied by CT, and a characteristic but not pathognomonic pattern was observed. In each case a low density lesion was noted in the medial portion of the temporal lobe with extension into the Island of Reil. Sparing of the lenticular nucleus was observed in all cases. Mass effect and streaky linear enhancement after contrast administration was also seen. Unfortunately, the findings may be subtle or absent before the fifth day of disease, and thus CT scans must be examined with a high index of suspicion if the correct diagnosis is to be made at a time when therapy may prove useful. Hemorrhagic areas are rarely observed on CT in this disorder despite the frequent occurrence on pathologic studies. The full extent of involvement may not be appreciated on scans obtained during the first 10 days of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

White matter buckling: CT sign of extraaxial intracranial mass.

The resolution of present day computed tomography (CT) scanners routinely permits discrimination of gray from white matter with delineation of a gray-white matter interface. Superficially situated extraaxial masses usually preserve the gray-white interface and tend to compress and/or buckle adjacent edematous white matter. This does not occur with superficially situated intraaxial lesions and is, therefore, essentially diagnostic of an extraaxial mass. It is postulated that this sign reflects the relative resistance of gray matter to edema in conjunction with the destruction of th gray-white interface by the infiltration of intraaxial lesions. White matter buckling is almost invariably associated with extracerebral fluid collections. White matter buckling is almost invariably associated with extracerebral fluid collections. It is less often discernible in association with meningioma. In a series of 100 consecutive proven meningioma cases, compression and/or buckling of centra white matter was demonstrated in 28, and in 28 (40%) of 70 superficially situated lesions. White matter buckling is diagnostically significant when it occurs. It has been especially helpful in the diagnosis of otherwise atypical superficial masses.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Reye syndrome: computed tomographic documentation of disordered intracerebral structure.

Four patients with well documented Reye syndrome were examined with noncontrast computed tomography. Acute findings are those of diffuse cerebral edema with low density in deep white matter, increased gray-white matter differentiation, and evidence of secondary ventricular compression. The diffuse nature of the changes is unlike the more focal pattern often seen in true viral encephalitis. Residual changes after severe diseases are those of nonspecific cerebral degeneration and are most pronounced in the frontal lobes. Atrophic ventricular dilatation was observed in two cases. Computed tomography findings correlate with all known pathologic studies and with the subsequent clinical courses in the patients examined.

Brain↗
PubMed1975

Activity of amoxycillin against enterococci and synergism with aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Amoxycillin was more active in vitro than ampicillin or benzylpenicillin against clinical isolates of enterococci. All 55 strains tested were sensitive to the three penicillins but 15 strains showed a high level of resistance to streptomycin and two of these were also insensitive to kanamycin. All strains were sensitive to gentamicin, which was the most active of the aminoglycoside antibiotics. The penicillins showed pronounced bactericidal activity against the enterococci but failed to sterilise cultures of these organisms. Combinations of penicillins and aminoglycosides invariably produced synergistic bactericidal effects which resulted in sterilisation of cultures of these organisms. Combinations of penicillins and aminoglycosides invariably produced synergistic bactericidal effects which resulted in sterilisation of cultures of enterococci provided that the strain was sensitive to the aminoglycoside moiety of the antibiotic combination. Synergism was not observed with a combination of a penicillin and an aminoglycoside when the enterococcus was resistant to the aminoglycoside. The data reported suggest that amoxycillin may have certain advantages, compared with ampicillin or benzylpenicillin, for the treatment of enterococcal infections.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1972

New method for antibiotic susceptibility testing.

The most widely used method for routine antibiotic susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of bacteria is the paper-disc method. This has the advantage of simplicity, but to obtain reliable results considerable care is required both in the standardization of the procedure and in the interpretation of the zones of inhibition. A new susceptibility test method is described in this report which retains the simplicity of the paper-disc method but which enables organisms to be tested directly for susceptibility to known concentrations of antibiotic in agar. Organisms may be tested against a single concentration of antibiotic or, alternatively, a range of concentrations may be used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration. The method utilizes stable pre-prepared materials and is not appreciably more time consuming than the conventional disc method.

Agar↗