Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E J Margalioth

Publications and source records attributed to E J Margalioth.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Comparative study of ultrasonically guided percutaneous aspiration with local anesthesia and laparoscopic aspiration of follicles in an in vitro fertilization program.

Twenty patients from our in vitro fertilization program were randomly divided into two groups. Ten women underwent follicular aspiration during laparoscopy while they were under general anesthesia and 10 women had an ultrasonically guided follicular aspiration with local anesthesia. All patients had mechanical infertility, and ovulation was induced with human menopausal gonadotropins. In both groups the same aspiration system with a needle of 1.4 mm inner diameter and a continuous suction at 120 mm Hg were used. In the laparoscopy group the oocyte recovery rate was 82.5% and the fertilization rate 62.5%, with one twin pregnancy; in the ultrasound group the oocyte recovery rate was 75%, and the fertilization rate 61.9%, with a singleton pregnancy. Implications of these results are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Histoincompatibility in couples with unexplained infertility.

Class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DR) antigens were determined in 18 carefully selected couples suffering from unexplained infertility and subsequently compared with 30 normal fertile couples with no history of secondary sterility and with a control group consisting of randomly matched women and men from our laboratory cell panel. No significant differences in the frequencies of HLA antigens were detected between infertile and control groups. The frequency of shared HLA-A, -B, and -DR antigens among members of the couples was similar in all the groups. Finally, the one-way mixed lymphocyte culture showed normal reactivity of both infertile parental pairs in all combinations tested.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation in the human placenta and fetal membranes.

The ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation in the microsomal fraction of at term placentas and fetal membranes were studied. In preliminary experiments, the optimum conditions for the measurement of this reaction were determined. Lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in the chorion and amnion compared to the placenta. In both fetal membranes, but not in the placenta, the reaction was enhanced by arachidonic acid and inhibited by indomethacin. The results indicate that the ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation in the fetal membranes is specific for prostaglandin synthetase activity and that these tissues are a major site of prostaglandin synthesis.

Amnion↗
PubMed1985

Effect of caffeine on human sperm penetration into zona-free hamster ova.

The effect of caffeine on spermatozoal ability to penetrate zona-free hamster ova was examined on fresh and frozen-thawed semen samples. The mean motility of 10 fresh semen samples incubated with caffeine significantly increased from 29% to 35%. Sperm penetration into zona-free hamster ova did not differ between the control group and the specimens to which caffeine was added. The same effect of caffeine on sperm motility and hamster ova penetration was noted in the frozen-thawed sperm samples. Motility was enhanced by 21%, but hamster ova penetration did not significantly change. The increase in sperm motility caused by caffeine does not change the fertilizing ability of fresh and frozen-thawed human sperm.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Reduced penetration of zona-free hamster ova by cryopreserved human spermatozoa.

The effect of cryopreservation on human sperm fertilizing potential was assessed by using the human sperm penetration into zona-free hamster ovum test. Semen samples from 12 fertile men were compared before and after cryopreservation for motility, sperm penetration rate, and number of sperm cells incorporated per oocyte. In fresh samples sperm concentration was 102 +/- 51 X 10(6) cells/ml, motility 66 +/- 14%, penetration rate 77.8 +/- 19%, and sperm incorporation 4.3 +/- 3.9 sperm per ovum. Frozen-thawed sperm cells showed a marked reduction of 61 +/- 21% (p less than 0.001) in motility. Penetration rate was reduced by 53 +/- 34% (p less than 0.01), and sperm incorporation dropped by 50 +/- 28% (p less than 0.05). Despite this substantial reduction in all three parameters, 75% of the samples maintained a penetration rate exceeding 14%, which is the lower limit for fertile semen. For the individual subject the decrease in sperm motility did not reflect actual fertility potential as expressed by its ability to penetrate zona-free hamster ova. These findings are related to morphological and biochemical changes in frozen-thawed semen and apparently are correlated with the decrease in pregnancy rates after cryopreservation. This test may be a valuable supplement to routine microscopic semen analysis for semen cryopreservation candidates.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of non aromatizable androgens on LHRH and TRH responses in primary testicular failure.

We have assessed the gonadotropin, TSH and PRL responses to the non aromatizable androgens, mesterolone and fluoxymestrone, in 27 patients with primary testicular failure. All patients were given a bolus of LHRH (100 micrograms) and TRH (200 micrograms) at zero time. Nine subjects received a further bolus of TRH at 30 mins. The latter were then given mesterolone 150 mg daily for 6 weeks. The remaining subjects received fluoxymesterone 5 mg daily for 4 weeks and 10 mg daily for 2 weeks. On the last day of the androgen administration, the subjects were re-challenged with LHRH and TRH according to the identical protocol. When compared to controls, the patients had normal circulating levels of testosterone, estradiol, PRL and thyroid hormones. However, basal LH, FSH and TSH levels, as well as gonadotropin responses to LHRH and TSH and PRL responses to TRH, were increased. Mesterolone administration produced no changes in steroids, thyroid hormones, gonadotropins nor PRL. There was, however, a reduction in the integrated and incremental TSH secretion after TRH. Fluoxymesterone administration was accompanied by a reduction in thyroid binding globulin (with associated decreases in T3 and increases in T3 resin uptake). The free T4 index was unaltered, which implies that thyroid function was unchanged. In addition, during fluoxymesterone administration, there was a reduction in testosterone, gonadotropins and LH response to LHRH. Basal TSH did not vary, but there was a reduction in the peak and integrated TSH response to TRH. PRL levels were unaltered during fluoxymesterone treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Copper and zinc levels in normal and malignant tissues.

The copper and zinc levels in 53 malignant and 47 normal human tissue samples were measured. In the malignant tissues, the mean copper concentration was 46% higher (P less than 0.001) than in the normal ones. Analysis of the individual organs showed this increment to be statistically significant in malignancies of the large bowel, stomach, urinary bladder and female reproductive organs, while in cancer of the breast, kidney and testis, the increase in copper level was not significant. The mean zinc concentration in the malignant tissues was not significantly different from that in the corresponding normal tissue specimens (-11%; P less than 0.2). In breast cancer, however, tissue zinc levels were increased by 72% (P less than 0.01), and decreased markedly in carcinoma of the kidney (-73%). A hypothesis for the possible mechanism involving elevated tissue copper levels in biological damage (previously caused by free radicals) which may be responsible for the malignant process, is presented and discussed.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of oligoasthenospermia with human chorionic gonadotropin: hormonal profiles and results.

Forty-seven oligoasthenospermic patients were treated with human chorionic gonadotropin, 5000 IU twice weekly for 12 to 15 weeks. Only three patients impregnated their wives following treatment. Sperm concentration subsequent to treatment decreased in 26 patients, increasing in only 8 cases. Sperm motility improved in 36% of the patients and deteriorated in 30%. During treatment, mean testosterone levels rose by 72%, mean estradiol levels rose by 140%, and mean follicle-stimulating hormone levels decreased by 80%. Mean prolactin levels remained unaltered. The disappointing results with human chorionic gonadotropin treatment fail to make it a recommendable therapy for patients with idiopathic oligoasthenospermia.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Zona-free hamster ovum penetration assay as a screening procedure for in vitro fertilization.

Twenty couples with primary sterility due to mechanical factors entered our program of IVF. In addition to routine sperm evaluation, an SPA was performed in all cases. Whenever the SPA was pathologic, none of the human ova were fertilized in vitro, while 77% of the patients with a normal SPA had IVF of at least one human ovum. The good correlation between pathologic SPA and failure of IVF stresses the clinical value of this assay. The use of the SPA for patient selection for IVF is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Histocompatibility antigens, mixed lymphocyte reactivity and severe preeclampsia in Israel.

In the present study we have attempted to ascertain the possible existence of an association between antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and development of severe preeclampsia (PE). HLA-A, B, C, DR antigens as well as reactivity in one-way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) were studied in 40 couples with severe PE, and subsequently compared to 30 normal fertile control couples. No significant differences in the frequencies of HLA antigens were detected between PE and control couples. The frequency of shared HLA-A, B and DR antigens among members of the couples was similar in both groups. The one-way MLC showed normal reactivity of both parental pairs in all combinations tested. Consequent to our data we are unable to support the suggestion that the MHC affects the susceptibility to develop severe PE.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Reduced fertilization ability of zona-free hamster ova by spermatozoa from male partners of normal infertile couples.

Zona-free hamster ova were used as a penetration test system for human semen obtained from male members of infertile couples. Forty semen samples from normal infertile couples were tested and compared with penetration rates obtained with control semen samples from fertile donors. Normal penetration rates ranged between 20-100%. Out of the 40 tested males, 11 were found to have penetration rates below 10%, two had between 11 and 19%, and in the remaining 27, the rate was above 20%. Three women, whose husbands were found to be in the first group (penetration rate below 10%), conceived after artificial donor insemination within three months of treatment. Thus, the use of the human-hamster ova penetration test should be used as an additional tool in diagnosis of infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer--legal and religious aspects in Israel, patient selection, and a modified technique for oocyte collection.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) have recently become an accepted treatment modality for patients with mechanically caused infertility. The first series admitted to our program comprised 42 patients with confirmed mechanical infertility. The method of patient selection and the techniques of laparoscopy, follicular aspiration and oocyte recovery are described. From 26 laparoscopies, a total of 39 oocytes was recovered. Normal cleavage of 10 oocytes was obtained; they were transferred into the uterus at the 4- to 16-cell stage. One pregnancy was obtained. An IVF and ET program involves certain ethical, legal and religious questions, which have special implications in Israel: foster mothers and the use of donor sperm are forbidden. Only married couples may enter the program. Indications, methods, success rates and method failure are discussed.

Embryo Transfer↗