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Biomedical subjects

E J Kelly

Publications and source records attributed to E J Kelly.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The effect of intravenous ranitidine on the intragastric pH of preterm infants receiving dexamethasone.

Gastric perforation is a catastrophic, albeit uncommon, side effect of steroid treatment for premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). A reduction of intragastric acidity may protect against peptic ulceration. The effect of different doses of ranitidine, given as intravenous infusions, on intragastric acidity in premature neonates was therefore examined. Ten consecutive, enterally starved, infants receiving dexamethasone (0.6 mg/kg) for BPD were enrolled. Intragastric pH was continuously monitored on the day before steroid treatment and on the four following days, initially without H2 blockade and then using a continuous intravenous infusion of ranitidine at 0.031, 0.0625, and 0.125 mg/kg/hour. An infusion of 0.0625 mg/kg/hour of ranitidine was sufficient to increase and maintain gastric pH above 4; the authors therefore use this infusion during dexamethasone administration as possible prevention of gastric perforation.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia↗
PubMed1993

Early or late parenteral nutrition for the sick preterm infant?

No one doubts that good nutrition is an important component of neonatal intensive care, nor that this can only be accomplished by the use of intravenous fat. With regard to the effects of nutrition on bronchopulmonary dysplasia, however, we are facing a dilemma. On the one hand there is the suggestion that inadequate nutrition increases the severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and on the other that the use of intravenous fat predisposes to it. In an attempt to narrow the area of uncertainty we randomly allocated 129 infants of less than 1750 g birth weight to receive either early or late lipid containing parenteral nutrition. The median duration of ventilation support in the 'early' group was 8.5 days and in the 'late' group eight days; this was not significantly different.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia↗
PubMed1993

Ranitidine in infants.

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Drug Administration Schedule↗
PubMed1993

Immunocytochemical localisation of parietal cells and G cells in the developing human stomach.

Previous studies on the distribution of parietal cells and G cells in normal adult stomachs have shown that in about 20% of specimens parietal cells extended to the pylorus. This study aimed to examine the distribution of parietal cells and G cells in the body and antrum of the developing human stomach in relation to anatomical landmarks, using histological and immunocytochemical methods. In all 15 fetal stomachs examined, parietal cells extended to the pylorus and expressed intrinsic factor and hydrogen-potassium-ATPase activity from week 13 of gestation. By contrast, in only one of the five infant stomachs did parietal cells extend to the pylorus: this is identical to the distribution in the adult. G cells developed in the antrum from 18 weeks' gestation and their distribution did not differ between the fetal and infant stomachs. These findings indicate that parietal cells disappear from the antrum of the stomach in the third trimester of pregnancy, but this process fails to occur in approximately 20% of the population.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

When is the fetus first capable of gastric acid, intrinsic factor and gastrin secretion?

Little data exist regarding the activity of gastric parietal and G cells in the very immature infant. Therefore, we have examined the developing human stomach for the presence and location of parietal and G cells, by using both standard histological methods and antibodies to the H+/K(+)-ATPase (proton pump), intrinsic factor and gastrin in 25 fetuses (ranging from 13-28 weeks) and in 5 infants (2-21 weeks). Parietal cell activity was noted in the body, antrum and pyloric regions in all the fetal specimens examined. However, this activity was much more limited in the infant specimens. Gastrin immunoreactivity was noted in all specimens from 18 weeks of gestation onwards; this activity was located solely in the antral and pyloric region. These results indicate that the human fetus has the potential to produce gastric acid, intrinsic factor and gastrin from the middle of the second trimester.

Enterochromaffin Cells↗
PubMed1993

Early detection of bovine leukemia virus in cattle by use of the polymerase chain reaction.

A study was performed to determine whether experimentally induced bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in cattle could be detected earlier by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA extracted from leukocytes than by use of conventional agar-gel immunodiffusion (AGID). The PCR primers were designed to amplify a 375-base-pair region of the proviral gag gene. Five cows were identified that were BLV-negative on the basis of AGID and PCR results. At day 0, these cows were inoculated IM with blood pooled from 3 naturally infected cows. Blood samples were taken on days 0, 1, and 7, and every 2 weeks thereafter until 3 months after inoculation. Three of the cows were BLV-positive by AGID test results 3 weeks after inoculation, and the remaining 2 seroconverted at 5 weeks. In contrast, all 5 cows were BLV-positive by PCR results 7 days after inoculation and remained positive for the duration of the study. Five cows that were BLV-positive by AGID test and PCR results on day 0 and from which samples were obtained at the same times as those from the other 5 cows, remained BLV-positive by results of both tests during the course of the study. Results indicate that under experimental conditions, BLV infection in cattle can be detected as much as 2 to 4 weeks earlier by use of PCR than by use of the AGID test.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Gastric secretory function in the developing human stomach.

Little data exists regarding the activity of gastric parietal cells in the very immature infant. Therefore we have examined the developing human stomach for the presence and location of parietal cells, using both standard histological methods and antibodies to the H+/K+ ATPase (proton pump) and intrinsic factor, in 35 fetuses (ranging from 13-28 weeks) and in five infants (2-21 weeks). Parietal cell activity was noted in the body, antrum and pyloric regions in all the fetal specimens examined. However, this activity was much more limited in the infant specimens. We have noted that from the end of the first trimester parietal cells are present in a mature, functional form with the potential to secrete both gastric acid and intrinsic factor.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1992

Changes in the plasma aminogram of parenterally fed infants treated with dexamethasone for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

A substantial increase in the plasma concentration of most amino acids was observed in 59 preterm infants with chronic lung disease soon after the initiation of dexamethasone therapy. The size of increase appeared to be dose related. This phenomenon is likely to be the result of steroid induced protein catabolism. Interestingly, neither phenylalanine nor tyrosine concentrations were significantly increased.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1992

Distinguishing between conduct-problem and emotionally disturbed students in elementary school: a five-instrument discriminant analysis.

Five instruments, the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Differential Test of Conduct and Emotional Problems, Personality Inventory for Children, Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale, and Revised Behavior Problem Checklist, were employed to effect differentiations between 44 conduct-problem and 31 emotionally disturbed students placed in public elementary school classes for the severely emotionally handicapped. Discriminant analysis of each test's rate of classification germane to both a preassessment categorization as conduct-problem vs emotionally disturbed and a postassessment classification as no problem vs conduct-problem vs emotionally disturbed vs combined problem is presented. The analysis indicated that the Differential Test of Conduct and Emotional Problems, Personality Inventory for Children, and Revised Behavior Problem Checklist can, with variable effectiveness, significantly classify groups using such pre- and postassessment information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Distinguishing between conduct problem and emotionally disturbed students in secondary school: a five-instrument discriminant analysis.

Five instruments, the Differential Test of Conduct and Emotional Problems, Louisville Behavior Checklist, Personality Inventory for Children, 16 PF Test, and Tennessee Self-concept Scale, were given to differentiate between 50 conduct problem and 48 emotionally disturbed students assigned in public school to secondary level classes for the severely emotionally handicapped. Discriminant analysis of each test's rate of classification germane to both a pre-assessment categorization as conduct problem vs emotionally disturbed and a post-assessment classification as no problem vs conduct problem vs emotionally disturbed vs combined problem is presented. The analysis indicated that the Differential Test of Conduct and Emotional Problems, Louisville Behavior Checklist, and Personality Inventory for Children can, with variable effectiveness, significantly classify adolescents into groups using such pre- and post-assessment information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Selective cellular depletion of mitochondrial DNA by the polyamine analog N1,N12-bis(ethyl)spermine and its relationship to polyamine structure and function.

N1,N8-Bis(ethyl)spermidine (BESPD) and N1,N12-bis(ethyl)spermine (BESPM) are minimally modified analogs of spermidine and spermine that deplete cellular polyamine pools by suppressing key polyamine biosynthetic enzymes. The consequences of polyamine depletion and the concomitant analog replacement of these pools were compared on two cellular DNA targets, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and a defined nuclear DNA episome present in 935.1 mouse fibroblasts. The spermidine analog, BESPD, depleted cellular putrescine and spermidine pools, but not spermine pools, and had no effect on either DNA target. Treatment with the corresponding analog of spermine, BESPM, resulted in a near-total depletion of all three polyamine pools and a greater than 80% reduction in the cellular content of mtDNA, without affecting the levels of the nuclear episome. Topological forms analysis by Southern blotting of mtDNA and episomal DNA from BESPM-treated cells failed to reveal any forms interconversion, indicating the absence of analog-induced single- or double-strand break damage to either DNA target. The growth-dependent loss of mtDNA is consistent with a rapid cessation of mtDNA replication and subsequent dilution of existing mtDNA copies by cell division. Similar decreases in polyamine pools and mtDNA were also observed in L1210 cells treated with BESPM. When a comparable level of polyamine depletion was produced in L1210 cells by specific enzyme inhibitors, there was no effect on the cellular content of mtDNA, and BESPD was not rendered capable of decreasing mtDNA levels. Because the analogs are structurally similar to the naturally occurring polyamines and would be expected to have similar binding properties, the loss in mtDNA may reflect dysfunctional replacement by BESPM at spermine-specific binding sites in the mitochondrion.

Animals↗