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Biomedical subjects

E J Carroll

Publications and source records attributed to E J Carroll.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Role of prostaglandins in pathogenesis of bovine mastitis induced by Escherichia coli endotoxin.

Four doses (5 to 100 micrograms, 1 dose/quarter) of Escherichia coli endotoxin were introduced into lactating mammary glands of 2 cows. There was no effect on milk prostaglandin (PG) E2 concentration, except that the concentration was increased from 200 pg/ml of milk to 1,060 pg/ml at post-treatment hour (PTH) 8 in cow 1 and from 75 to 420 pg/ml at PTH 4 in cow 2 after the highest dose 100 micrograms. Endotoxin caused a dose-dependent increase in milk PGF2 alpha concentrations in both cows. After the highest dose, PGF2 alpha was maximally increased from 200 to 3,500 pg/ml at PTH 4 in cow 1 and from 250 to 2,000 pg/ml in cow 2 at PTH 8. The instillation of 50 micrograms of endotoxin in all 8 quarters of 2 more lactating cows caused no significant (P greater than 0.05) changes in milk PGE2 and thromboxane B2 concentrations, whereas milk PGF2 alpha was significantly increased from the base-line value of 642 to 2,683, 1,189, and 2,281 pg/ml at PTH 4, 8, and 12, respectively. The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was also significantly increased from the base-line value of 305 to 871, 631, and 600 pg/ml at the corresponding times, respectively. A marked increase in vascular permeability, as judged by high concentrations of serum albumin in the whey, was observed as early as PTH 4 and peaked at PTH 12 followed by a gradual decline, although it remained significantly increased over the control for 48 hours after treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Hemolytic complement titers and complement C3 levels in endotoxin-induced mastitis.

Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide B was instilled through the lactiferous duct of cows to induce acute mastitis. Hemolytic complement (C) activity and C3 concentrations were determined in blood serum and in renninprecipitated whey before, and at certain times after, mastitis was induced. Hemolytic complement activity was detected in the whey only during the first 36 hours after endotoxin was instilled, whereas activity was not seen before and 48 or more hours after the endotoxin was given. The maximum titer as measured with the guinea pig RBC/bovine natural antibody system was 1:64. The C3 concentrations in normal whey (before installation of endotoxin), measured by radial immunodiffusion, were between 1% and 4% of the base-line blood serum values (pool from healthy cows). The whey concentration of C3 increased (to 5% to 18%) during the first 8 hours of mastitis. However, at 72 hours, the whey values were back to preinstillation concentrations in all quarters.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Changes of complement values in calves during the first month of life.

Hemolytic complement activity and the 3rd component of complement (C3) concentrations were measured in the blood sera of 8 dams before, at, and after parturition, and in the sera of their calves before and after feeding colostrum and at fixed intervals up to 1 month of life. The mean hemolytic titer in the dams, as measured by incubating guinea pig RBC sensitized with bovine natural antibodies in serially diluted serum, was slightly less than 200 and was not influenced by parturition and onset of lactation. The titers in the sera of the calves immediately after birth ranged from 63 to 149 with a mean of 99. One day later, values in all calves had dropped markedly to a mean of 39. During the following month, the titers increased and reached the precolostral levels after about 4 weeks; however, these titers were still far below the titers measured in adult cows. A similar pattern was seen in the C3 concentration. The mean value at birth was 28% of the values measured in adult cows. Values decreased to 18% one day later and increased during the following month to 43% of the adult C3 concentration.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Chemotactic factors for bovine leukocytes.

An agarose method was used to determine the nature of chemotaxins for bovine leukocytes as related to coliform mastitis. Freshly collected bovine serum or plasma was frequently chemotactic, probably due to spontaneous complement activation. Fresh serum was always rendered chemotactic when activated with zymosan or when heat-killed or viable coliform bacteria were incubated in the serum. The bacteria did not contribute to preexisting activity in the serum. Escherichia coli grown in synthetic media did not generate chemotaxins, and the synthetic peptide formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenyl-alanine was not chemotactic in the agarose system for bovine leukocytes. Endotoxin-treated serum had variable activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitation of immunoglobulin G bound to Escherichia coli.

Two strains of Escherichia coli were opsonized by incubation in heat-inactivated bovine blood serum and in whey. The opsonized bacteria were then immobilized by complexing with anti-bovine antibodies previously coated to walls of polystyrene tubes. The amount of bovine immunoglobulin (Ig) G in the immobilized complex was then determined by a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using peroxidase as enzyme. Thus, a direct measurement of one class of opsonic substances on the surface of the organisms was determined. The sensitivity for measurement of IgG ranged from nanograms to micrograms. After incubation in blood serum, 500-fold more IgG was found on the surface of the serum-resistant strain. The amount of IgG absorbed from whey in each instance was much less than that absorbed from serum. The number of bound molecules per bacterium ranged between 2,000 and 2,000,000, depending on both the strain and the serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Distribution of enterobacteriaceae in recycled manure bedding on California dairies.

The distribution of coliform organisms on three California dairies which use a system of automatic flushing of alley ways and composted, recycled manure solids as free stall bedding for utilization of waste was studied. There was a wide distribution of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter and to less extent Citrobacter organisms. Klebsiella were not commonly in bovine feces. Composting manure solids effectively reduced coliform counts to few or to zero. However, if given proper conditions of moisture and temperature, coliforms could multiply to large numbers again in composted solids whether from survivors or from external contamination. Dried composted manure was satisfactory material for bedding of free stalls provided it was dried properly before application.

Animal Feed↗