Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Ito.
Clinical studies on ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX) were carried out and the results were as follows: Twelve patients (acute purulent tonsillitis 1, pneumonia 6, urinary tract infection 5) were treated with CTRX, in doses of 21-48 mg/kg divided 2 times per day for 3.5-8 days intravenously. The overall efficacy rate was 100%. No adverse reactions were observed. No abnormal laboratory data were noted.
Thirty-five patients with stage Ia epidermoid microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix were treated surgically by vaginal semiradical hysterectomy. The primary features of this new surgical procedure are the removal of an approximately 1-cm portion of vaginal cuff, partial resection of the vesico-uterine ligament for isolation of the ureter, and resection of approximately 2 cm of parametrial tissue. The extent of resection is almost the same as that of the abdominal modified radical hysterectomy. Operation time and blood loss were almost the same as those for simple hysterectomy. No postoperative complications were observed. From these results it is concluded that the method is an adequate, safe, and low-risk operative therapy for patients with microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix.
Trapidil (Rocornal) is clinically used as a coronary vasodilator and inhibitor of coagulation of the platelet. Recently trapidil has been reported to have a bronchodilatory action in excised dog's tracheal smooth muscle. In the present study the bronchodilatory effects of trapidil were investigated in man. For 21 patients with asthma, 6 patients with emphysema and 2 patients with chronic bronchitis, 100 mg of trapidil was infused intravenously. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group I was infused for about 30 min and Group II for about 10 min. After administration of trapidil, forced vital capacity increased in both groups (p less than 0.01), forced expiratory volume at 1.0 s (p less than 0.01) and peak expiratory flow rate (p less than 0.05) increased in Group II. Respiratory resistance decreased (p less than 0.01) in Group II. From these results, it was confirmed that trapidil has bronchodilatory effect. We think trapidil is useful for the treatment of the patients not only with ischemic heart disease but with chronic obstructive lung disease.
The heat produced by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells was measured microcalorimetrically to investigate the characteristics of the energetics of these cells. 2,4-Dinitrophenol and other inhibitors were used to obtain the standard thermograms. The heat level of starved Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (endogenous) was almost constant and linear and depended on the cell number used in the experiments (about 1 cal/1 X 10(8) cells/hr). The endogenous heat generation was suppressed strongly by potassium cyanide but not by iodoacetic acid or 2,4-dinitrophenol. On the other hand, heat evolution was directly related to the amount of glucose added to the medium but not to the number of cells (19 cal/mmol of glucose). The addition of iodoacetic acid markedly suppressed heat generation, but potassium cyanide did not. In contrast, glucose with dinitrophenol increased heat production markedly to about 10% higher than that of the control, possibly due to the uncoupled energy from oxidative phosphorylation. Malonic acid (1 mM) suppressed slightly the endogenous heat but caused a 15% reduction in exogenous heat. The amount of heat produced by the addition of glucose (19 cal/mmol) was equivalent to 40% of the theoretical value of energy released through glycolysis (47 cal/mmol). Thus, the heat produced by exogenous glucose appears to be mainly dependent on glycolysis.
The cell walls of Staphylococcus aureus H were found to contain mannosamine in an amount (28.1 nmol/mg) comparable to the content of muramic acid 6-phosphate. The acidic polymer fraction obtained by heating the cell walls at pH 2.5 was shown to contain mannosamine and glycerol in addition to the components of ribitol teichoic acid. Mild alkali treatment of this polymer fraction followed by gel filtration resulted in separation of a disaccharide N-acetylmannosaminyl(1 leads to 4)N-acetylglucosamine and the ribitol teichoic acid moiety that contained glycerol. Smith degradation of the reduction product from the same polymer fraction gave a fragment characterized as (1,2-ethylene-diol phosphate)-(glycerol phosphate)3-N-acetylmannosaminyl(1 leads to 4)N-acetylxylosaminitol. Thus, the ribitol teichoic acid chain in the cell walls is probably linked to peptidoglycan through a linkage unit, (glycerol phosphate)3-N-acetylmannosaminyl(1 leads to 4)N-acetylglucosamine.
From lysozyme digests of N-acetylated cell walls of Bacillus cereus AHU 1030, two acidic polymer fractions with molecular weights of about 24000 and 45000 were isolated by ion-exchange chromatography and gel chromatography. These polymer fractions, containing glycerol, phosphorus and glucose in a molar ratio of 1.00:1.00:0.85 together with small amounts of glycopeptide components and mannosamine, were characterized as teichoic-acid-glycopeptide complexes with one and two teichoic acid chains made of 60-65 repeating glycerol phosphate units that were mostly glucosylated. Mild alkali treatment of the complexes yielded a disaccharide-linked glycopeptide. The disaccharide was liberated from the glycopeptide by mild acid treatment and identified as N-acetylmannosaminyl(beta 1 leads to 4)N-acetylglucosamine. On the other hand, the same disaccharide linked to the teichoic acid chain was obtained by direct heating of the cell walls at pH 2.5. These results lead to a conclusion that in the cell walls of this strain the glycerol teichoic acid chain is attached to the glycan chain of peptidoglycan through this disaccharide unit. The disaccharide is linked at its reducing and nonreducing ends to the glycan chain and the teichoic acid chain, respectively, through phosphodiester bridges.
We have isolated four major high mobility group (HMG) proteins designated A, B, C, and D, together with ubiquitin from the ciliate protozoan Tetrahymena. These four HMG proteins are integral structural components of macronuclear nucleosomes. The proteins exhibit solubility properties, chromatographic behavior on carboxymethylcellulose, electrophoretic mobilities on various gel systems, and amino acid compositions similar to those of their mammalian counterparts. HMG-A is the largest, most acidic protein of the group and is phosphorylated in vivo at specific serine residues. HMG-B is both phosphorylated at serine residues and ADP ribosylated. HMG-C is not phosphorylated but is ADP ribosylated. HMG-D, the smallest, most basic protein of the group possesses an unusually high content of serine and threonine residues, and it is highly phosphorylated at both serine and threonine positions in the polypeptide chain.
The HF treatment of teichoic acid-glycopeptide complexes isolated from lysozyme digests of Bacillus coagulans AHU 1366 cell walls gave a disaccharide, glucosyl beta (1 leads to 4)N-acetylglucosamine, along with dephosphorylated repeating units of the teichoic acid chain, galactosyl alpha (1 leads to 2) glycerol. Mild alkali treatment of the complexes yielded the disaccharide linked to glycopeptide, whereas direct heating of the cell walls at pH 2.5 yielded the same disaccharide linked to teichoic acid. The Smith degradation of the complexes revealed that the galactose residue is a component of backbone chain. Thus it is concluded that this disaccharide is involved in the linkage region between poly(galactosylglycerol phosphate) and peptidoglycan in cell walls. Membrane-catalyzed synthesis of this disaccharide on a lipid followed by transfer of glycerol phosphate from CDP-glycerol to the disaccharide-linked lipid in the absence or in the presence of UDP-galactose also supports this conclusion.
In view of the reduction of side effects as well as the enhancement of anti-tumor activities of anticancer drugs, we have been interested in the combined use of Chinese medicines with them. In the present study, we attempted to examine the effects of Chinese prescription, juzentaihoto (JTX), combined with mitomycin C (MMC). JTX is consisted of Astragali radix, Chinnamomi cortex, Rehmanniae radix, Paeonia radix, Cnidii rhizoma, Atractylodis lanceae rhizoma, Angelicae radix, Ginseng radix, Hoelen and Glycyrrhizae radix. In BDF1-mice which were implanted with P-388 leukemic cells, JTX prolonged significantly the average survival days of MMC-treated group. In tumor-free BDF1-mice, JTX improved the leukopenia and the body weight loss which were caused by MMC. Additionally, JTX delayed the appearance of deaths by lethal dosis of MMC. These results indicate that JTX enhances the anti-tumor activity of MMC and lessens the adverse effects of it. JTX may be useful for patients undertaking MMC treatment.
In order to study the appropriate interval for cervical cancer screening, we investigated mainly the screening history of 1,086 cervical squamous cancer cases detected by mass screening. 1) The cancer detection rate (CDR) for the 2-year successively screened group who were class I in the first screening was 0.051% and all cases were carcinoma in situ (CIS). In the 2-year interval screened group, detection rates for CIS, microinvasive cancer and stage 1b cancer were 0.053%, 0.035% and 0.018%. But there is no significant difference in CDR between the 2-year successively screened group and 2-year interval screened group (p less than 0.05). 2) In the 2-year successively screened group who were class II in the first screening, the CIS and microinvasive cancer detection rates were 0.044% and 0.022%. There is no significant difference in CDR between class I group and class II group. In the group who were class I in the first screening, we detected most cases in the stage 0 and a few cases in the stage Ia and Ib by mass screening at 2-year intervals. If the detection of a few cases in stage Ib is permitted, we can enforce mass screening for cervical squamous cancer at 2-year interval and it is considered that class II group can be screened at same interval as class I group.
A clinicopathologic study was made of 170 cases of elastofibroma detected in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. A majority of the cases of elastofibroma were detected in the mainland of Okinawa and its offshore islands Tonaki-jima and Aguni-jima. The 21 cases from Tonaki Island had a familial occurrence. Simultaneously, 55 of the total cases were recognized to have occurred within the same family lines. Besides the growth of elastofibroma in the subcapsular region, there was a high rate of growth in the infraolecranons area. A case of multiple elastofibroma including the lateral thoracic wall as well as the ischial tuberosities, was also studied. In this disease, there was found to be an excessive amount of elastic material produced by fibroblasts as well as obstacles in the course of forming elastic fibers. Therefore, it was considered that this tendency was a sort of reactive hyperplasia taking place with a constitutional predisposition in the background. All cases should undergo biopsy to rule out sarcoma. No other treatment is necessary in asymptomatic patients. Local excision is all that is necessary in those with pain.
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The distribution of mannosamine, mannosaminuronic acid, and the enzymes responsible for the formation of these saccharides was studied in nine species (18 strains) of Bacillus. Whereas UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase activity was detected in all of the strains examined, UDP-N-acetylmannosamine dehydrogenase, as well as the activity incorporating N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid residues from UDP-N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid into polymer, was found only in four strains of B. megaterium and one strain each of B. subtilis and B. polymyxa. The cell walls prepared from the six above-named strains were shown to contain mannosaminuronic acid in amounts of 135 to 245 nmol/mg. In contrast, mannosamine had a wide distribution. The cell walls from two strains of B. cereus and one strain each of B. circulans, B. polymyxa, B. sphaericus, and B. cereus subsp. mycoides contained mannosamine in amounts of 370 to 470 nmol/mg. In addition, the cell walls from five strains of B. subtilis, two strains of B. megaterium, and one strain each of B. cereus. B. coagulans, and B. licheniformis also contained this amino sugar in amounts as small as 10 to 35 nmol/mg. On the basis of analytical data, it is suggested that the mannosamine present in small amounts may be a common constituent of linkage units between peptidoglycan and other cell wall components such as glycerol teichoic acid.
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We investigated the origin of the non-specialized cells proliferated in primary explant culture of human parotid gland. The predominant cells in surface layer were morphologically epithelial origin with desmosomes and intercellular digitations. The cultured cells did not show any specific affinity to parotin isolated from bovine parotid gland, which seemed to be one of the marker for duct cell. However, it was demonstrated autoradiographically that DNA synthesis in the cells was rapidly induced by isoproterenol, a potent stimulator of acinar cell. From these results, the non-specialized epithelial cells in explant culture seemed to be derived from acinar cell in human parotid gland.
A ribitol-containing lipoteichoic acid was obtained from the 20,000 x g supernatant fraction of Staphylococcus aureus H by extraction with Triton X-100 followed by fractionation on Sepharose 6B and DEAE-cellulose columns. The purified lipoteichoic acid was composed of phosphate, glycerol, glucose, glucosamine, ribitol, and fatty acids in a molar ratio of 1 : 0.9 : 0.06 : 0.03 : 0.09 : 0.07. Based on the structural analysis of fragments from alkali and HF hydrolysis, the lipoteichoic acid appears to consist of three moieties, namely a ribitol phosphate oligomer, poly(glycerol phosphate) which has about 30 glycerol phosphate units, and beta-glucosyl-beta-glucosyl(1 leads to 1)diacylglycerol. N-Acetylglucosamine was linked to the ribitol residues. The lipoteichoic acid serves as an acceptor of glycosyl moieties from UDP-glucose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine in the enzyme reaction catalyzed by the membrane preparation. The rate of enzymatic glycosylation was increased by prior treatment of the lipoteichoic acid with N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. The glycosylation seems to occur at the ribitol residues of the lipoteichoic acid.
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