[A case of severe peripheral nervous disorder due to acute idiopathic porphyria].
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Acute Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
E Ito
Publications and source records attributed to E Ito.
Topographical heterogeneity of glutamate agonist-induced calcium increase in hippocampus.
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Animals↗
Experimental acute poisoning in mice induced by emestrin, a new mycotoxin isolated from Emericella species.
The effects of emestrin (EMS), a secondary metabolite of the Emericella species, on male ICR mice were examined. The intraperitoneal LD50 values of EMS were 17.7 and 13.0 mg/kg at 24 and 48 hr, respectively. The target organs of EMS were the heart, liver and thymus. In doses over 30 mg/kg the experimental animals died from cardiac failure shortly after the injections. Several survivors that were given EMS in doses under 20 mg/kg showed severe centrilobular necrosis in the liver at 24 hr. Marked degeneration of mitochondria was seen in electron micrographs of both cardiac muscle cells and hepatocytes. In the degenerated hepatocytes, prominent proliferation of RER, membrane-limited inclusions containing both ribosome-like granules and RER, and fenestrated lamella-like structures were observed. Massive necrosis of lymphocytes was always observed in the cortical layer of the thymus of the survivors within 24 hr, while bilateral adrenalectomized mice showed no discernible pathomorphological changes in the lymphoid tissues. Pretreatment of mice with diethyl maleate increased the incidence and severity of hepatic necrosis, whereas that with either cysteine or CoCl2 reduced the severity of centrilobular necrosis of the liver. Pretreatment with phenobarbital had no significant effect on EMS-induced hepatic lesions.
Animals↗
Histopathological studies on experimental marine toxin poisoning--5. The effects in mice of yessotoxin isolated from Patinopecten yessoensis and of a desulfated derivative.
The histopathological response of male ICR mice to yessotoxin, isolated from the digestive organ of scallops Patinopecten yessoensis, was compared with that of desulfated yessotoxin. The target organ of the former was the heart and those of the latter were the liver and pancreas. Electron microscopically, marked intracytoplasmic edema in cardiac muscle cells was seen within 3 hr after the i.p. injection of over 300 micrograms/kg of yessotoxin. In contrast, desulfated yessotoxin at the same dose caused within 24 hr of i.p. injection severe fatty degeneration and intracellular necrosis in the liver and pancreas but not in the heart. Biochemically, the content of triglycerides in the liver of mice treated with desulfated yessotoxin increased about 60 times, and phospholipids two-fold more than the control levels of those of mice treated with yessotoxin.
Animals↗
Transcriptional regulation of early growth response genes in FOS-expressing PC-12 cells.
Deregulated c-fos expression in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC-12, causes pronounced downregulation of nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced c-fos and c-jun activation, accompanied by a block in NGF-induced differentiation of PC-12 cells. The FOS-expressing PC-12 cells were exposed to diverse agents such as NGF, epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (db cAMP), and Ca-ionophore; and the expression of egr-1, c-fos, c-jun, jun-B, and jun-D was analyzed. Pronounced downregulation of c-fos, c-jun, and--to a lesser extent--jun-B was observed on treatment with NGF, bFGF, db cAMP, and Ca-ionophore, whereas EGF-induced activation of these early response genes was not inhibited in FOS-expressing PC-12 cells. Ca-ionophore- and db cAMP-induced egr-1 activation in PC-12 fos cells was completely inhibited. Both parent and PC-12 fos cells expressed similar high basal levels of jun-D, whose expression was the least regulatable by all of these agents. Transfection of fos promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (promoter-CAT) plasmid into these stable FOS-expressing PC-12 cells revealed that these effects are exerted at the fos promoter level.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
Histiocytosis X: successful treatment with recombinant interferon-alpha A.
Two patients with disseminated histiocytosis X were treated with intramuscular injections of recombinant interferon alpha A. The bone, skin and visceral lesions of these patients diminished rapidly. Significant sclerosis and recalcification of bone were observed. From our limited but positive experience, it would be justified to consider the use of interferon in patients with disseminated histiocytosis X.
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell↗
Occurrence of D-rhamnan as the common antigen reactive against monoclonal antibody E87 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO 3080 and other strains.
S. Sawada and co-workers reported that a monoclonal antibody (MAb), E87, interacted with about 80% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, and they separated a rhamnose-rich polysaccharide as the probable antigen for MAb E87 from P. aeruginosa IFO 3080 (S. Sawada, T. Kawamura, Y. Masuho, and K. Tomibe, J. Infec. Dis. 152:1290-1299, 1985). In the present study, the rhamnose-rich polysaccharide was shown to be structurally and immunologically identical to the D-rhamnan of P. aeruginosa IID 1008 (S. Yokota, S. Kaya, S. Sawada, T. Kawamura, Y. Araki, and E. Ito, Eur. J. Biochem. 167:203-209, 1987). Furthermore, a set of enzymes responsible for the formation of GDP-rhamnose (probably in a D-form) from GDP-D-mannose was found in the 100,000 x g supernatant fractions obtained from all of nine P. aeruginosa strains reactive against MAb E87. The result strongly supports a possibility that lipopolysaccharides having a D-rhamnan chain widely occur as the common antigen among various P. aeruginosa isolates.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Structure of macroamphiphiles from several Bifidobacterium strains.
Lipoteichoic acid-like substances, macroamphiphiles, were isolated from cell homogenates of Bifidobacterium bifidum YIT 4007 and YIT 4013, Bifidobacterium breve YIT 4010 and YIT 4014, and Bifidobacterium longum YIT 4021 by phenol extraction followed by nuclease digestion, gel chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The macroamphiphile preparations from these five strains contained D-glucose, D-galactose, glycerol, phosphorus, L-alanine, and fatty acids in molar ratios of 1.00, 1.57 to 1.95, 1.02 to 1.99, 0.97 to 1.72, 0.15 to 0.46, and 0.16 to 0.43. Data from structural analyses including methylation, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance measurement, alkaline hydrolysis, mild acid hydrolysis, and hydrogen fluoride treatment led to the most likely common structure for the macroamphiphiles of the examined strains, (formula; see text) where Gro-P is glycerophosphate, m is the number of repeating units of galactofuranan, and n is the number of repeating units of glucan. Whereas the polymers from the respective strains differed in the numbers of repeating units of the galactofuranan and glucan moieties and in the number of fatty acid residues, the proposed structure is essentially the same as that reported previously for the macroamphiphile of B. bifidum subsp. pennsylvanicum DSM 20239 by W. Fischer (Eur. J. Biochem. 165:639-646, 1987).
Bifidobacterium↗
Inhibition of PC-12 cell differentiation by the immediate early gene fra-1.
The rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC-12) offers a powerful in vitro model to study the mechanism of growth factor-induced differentiation and proliferation. Within minutes of addition, agents such as nerve growth factor (NGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db cAMP) rapidly activate cellular immediate early genes such as c-fos, c-jun, jun-B, and egr-1. fra-1, a member of the immediate early gene family, follows a distinctly later time course of induction than c-fos, c-jun, jun-B, and egr-1, suggesting that fra-1 may attenuate the action of genes induced earlier. We demonstrate that constitutive expression of fra-1 in PC-12 cells results in pronounced inhibition of NGF-induced differentiation. Transcriptional activation of c-fos, c-jun, jun-B, and egr-1 by NGF, EGF, and db cAMP was down-regulated to a varying extent whereas NGF-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was not affected. Expression of jun-D was not affected in PC-12 fra-1 cells. Transfection of fos and egr-1 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) plasmid into these stable fra-1-expressing PC-12 cells revealed that repression of fos and egr-1 was exerted at the promoter level. Thus deregulated fra-1 expression may inhibit PC-12 cell differentiation by altering the patterns of immediate early gene expression.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
[A case of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism with extrapyramidal signs and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].
A case of a 29-year-old woman with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism was reported. There were neither endocrine nor neurological disorders among her family, except for her mother's hearing loss. She had been suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus since 21 years of age, and was noticed to be hard of hearing for several years, but never been examined. At the age of 27, choreic movement on her left upper limb and gait disturbance appeared. A year before admission, gait disturbance gradually developed and she could not walk any more. On admission, her height was 137.2 cm and her weight 36.5 kg. She had a round face, uneven teeth and borderline metacarpal sign on her right hand. On neurological examination, Parkinsonism, bucco-lingo-masticatory dyskinesia and bilateral extensor planter reflex were present, but tetany was not observed anywhere. Serum calcium was 3.9 mEq/l, and serum phosphorus 5.3 mEq/l. A CT scan of brain revealed calcifications in the bilateral basal ganglia and thalami, low density area in the left putamen, and atrophy of both caudate nuclei. Serum PTH was less than 100 pg/ml. Ellsworth-Howard's test showed hyperresponsiveness in the secretion of urinary phosphorus and cyclic-AMP. Other endocrinological studies showed no abnormality except for hyporesponsiveness in the secretion of insulin on glucose tolerance test. On the basis of these results, a diagnosis of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was made. Administration of alfacalcidol returned serum calcium and phosphorus to normal with considerable clinical benefit. Parkinsonism was gradually improved and she became to be able to walk with a cane after one year of treatment. But buco-lingo-masticatory dyskinesia were not reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[A case of hepatitis A associated with thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and acute renal failure].
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Acute Kidney Injury↗
Vaginal hysterectomy without ligation of the ligaments of the cervix uteri.
An operative procedure for vaginal hysterectomy is reported. The procedure is performed without ligation of the paracervical ligaments to simplify and avoid ureteral injury. However, a portion of the cardinal ligament is ligated before peritoneal closure. In a study from 1955 to 1987, of 9,230 patients requiring vaginal hysterectomy, blood loss was less than 300 milliliters with this procedure in 83 per cent of the patients. Operative complications, such as bladder injury, occurred in 66 patients or 0.7 per cent. Ureteral injury occurred in only three patients or 0.03 per cent. From 1972 to 1987, only five of 2,460 patients (0.02 per cent) required postoperative hemostasis. These data indicate that vaginal hysterectomy without ligation of the paracervical ligaments is a safe and convenient operative method with fewer complications.
Female↗
Swelling of the Golgi apparatus and decrease of galactosyltransferase in polyamine-deficient bovine lymphocytes and epithelium of mouse small intestine.
When bovine small lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A were treated with inhibitors (alpha-difluoromethylornithine (5 mM) and ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (100 microM)] of polyamine biosynthesis, swelling of the Golgi apparatus was observed. This was accompanied by decreases in the amount of the Golgi apparatus and of the specific activity of galactosyltransferase. Both spermidine and spermine, at physiological concentrations, stimulated galactosyltransferase activity 2-3-fold. When mice were treated with these inhibitors, the following changes were observed in the epithelial cells of small intestine: swelling of the Golgi apparatus; decrease in the amount of the Golgi apparatus; and decrease of galactosyltransferase activity.
Animals↗
Structural studies on the neutral polysaccharide of Bacillus subtilis AHU 1219 cell walls.
A neutral and an acidic polysaccharide with molecular masses of about 22 kDa and 45 kDa, respectively, were isolated from the N-acetylated cell walls of Bacillus subtilis AHU 1219 by heating at pH 2.5, followed by separation of the water-soluble product by ion-exchange chromatography and gel chromatography. The neutral polysaccharide, accounting for 40% of the mass of the cell walls, contained glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylmannosamine in a molar ratio of 1:2:1:1. The minor, acidic polysaccharide contained glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, L-serine and L-threonine in an approximate molar ratio of 1:1:1:0.5:0.5. Lysozyme digestion of the N-acetylated cell walls gave a polymer containing the neutral polysaccharide and glycopeptide components and another polymer which contained the acidic polysaccharide components together with small proportions of the neutral polysaccharide and glycopeptide components. Thus, the neutral and acidic polysaccharide chains seem to be attached to peptidoglycan through acid-labile linkages in the cell walls of this strain. Structural analysis of the neutral-polysaccharide preparation, involving 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR measurement, methylation and Smith degradation, led to the most likely structure, ----6)[Glc(beta 1----3)]GalNAc(alpha 1----4)-[GlcNAc(beta 1----3)]ManNAc(beta 1----4)GlcNAc(beta 1----, for the repeating units of this polysaccharide.
Amino Acids↗
Structural studies on the amino-acid-linked teichuronic acid of Bacillus subtilis AHU 1219 cell walls.
Structural studies were carried out on a teichuronic acid isolated from a mild acid extract of Bacillus subtilis AHU 1219 cell walls. The teichuronic acid contained D-glucuronic acid, D-glucose, D-galactose, L-serine and L-threonine in a molar ratio of 1:1:1:0.5:0.5. Results of analyses of the polysaccharide by Smith degradation, methylation and 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, in combination with data on analyses of oligosaccharides obtained by partial acid hydrolysis and alkaline hydrolysis of the polymer, led to the most likely structure for the repeating unit, ----4)(L-Ser/L-Thr)-D-GlcA(beta 1----3)-D-Glc(beta 1----4)-D-Gal(alpha 1----. In each unit, either amino acid is linked to the glucuronic acid residue through an amide bond.
Amino Acids↗
Histopathological studies on experimental marine toxin poisoning--III. Morphological changes in the liver and thymus of male ICR mice induced by goniodomin A, isolated from the dinoflagellate Goniodoma pseudogoniaulax.
The i.p. LD50 values of goniodomin A, a novel polyether macrolide, in male ICR mice were 1.2 and 0.7 mg/kg at 24 and 48 hr, respectively. Histologically, perihepatitis, non-fatty vacuoles in the hepatocytes, central necrosis of the liver and massive necrosis of lymphocytes, in the cortical layer of the thymus, were prominent.
Animals↗
Histopathological studies on experimental marine toxin poisoning--4. Pathogenesis of experimental maitotoxin poisoning.
Repeated injections of 45 ng/kg of maitotoxin into the peritoneal cavities of male ICR mice resulted in marked atrophy of lymphoid tissues, a reduction of lymphocytes in the circulating blood, reduced immunoglobulin M in serum, and an increase of calcium content in the adrenal glands. A single injection of 200 ng/kg of maitotoxin induced a marked increase in total calcium content of the adrenal glands as well as in plasma cortisol concentration (about seven times control) within 1 hr. In contrast, mice pretreated with CoCl2, a calcium channel inhibitor, and/or adrenalectomized mice, showed no discernible changes in the lymphoid tissues after repeated injections of maitotoxin. It is thus suggested that maitotoxin first stimulates calcium influx in the adrenal glands, which then causes the release of cortisol into the blood. The excess amount of cortisol in serum produces acute involution of the thymus and other lymphoid tissues.
Adrenal Cortex↗
The structure of the O-specific chain of lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa IID 1012 (ATCC 27588).
Structural studies were carried out on the O-polysaccharide fraction obtained from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa IID 1012, the standard strain of Homma serogroup K, by mild acid treatment. The O-polysaccharide was composed of L-rhamnose, N-acetyl-D-quinovosamine, and N-acetyl-D-galactosaminuronic acid. The results from analysis of fragments obtained by acid hydrolysis and Smith degradation of the O-polysaccharide, together with data on methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic measurement of the polysaccharide, led to the most likely structure of the repeating units of the polymer chain, ----4)D-GalNAcA(alpha 1----3)D-QuiNAc(beta 1----2)L-Rha(alpha 1----3)L-Rha(alpha 1----, in which about 20% of the N-acetylgalactosaminuronic acid residues were in an amide form and about 75% of the same residues were O-acetylated at C-3.
Carbohydrate Sequence↗