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Biomedical subjects

E I Kandel'

Publications and source records attributed to E I Kandel'.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Sudden hemorrhage into asymptomatic hypophyseal tumors].

In 6 previously asymptomatic patients the hypophysis (adenoma) hemorrhages developed suddenly with prompt severe signs of subarachnoidal hemorrhage or vision loss up to total blindness. Five patients were either operated via transfrontal approach or transnasal stereotaxic cryodestruction of the tumor was performed. One patient died before operation within 24h after admission. Of the 6 patients, 5 had the chromophobic hypophyseal adenomas. Of the 5 operated patients 4 remain in satisfactory conditions for 4 to 10 years. The success of the treatment in patients with hemorrhages into the asymptomatic hypophyseal tumors depends on prompt detection and urgent surgery.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1986

[Method of spectral analysis of the rounded EMG and its role in the study of physiologic tremor].

A new computerized method for the assessment of electrical activity of muscles is described. The method is based on statistical processing of the spectral parameters of circumscribing EMG. The method is intended for examination of normal and pathological tremor. The authors describe the results of the use of the method for examination of physiological tremor which may serve as standard criteria for the identification of pathological deviations.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

[Study of the pathogenesis of tremor in parkinsonism by the technic of spectral analysis of the rounded EMG using a computer].

Tremor was studied in 2 forms of parkinsonism. A new method of computerized spectral EMG analysis was employed in the investigation. Amplitude and frequency characteristics of tremor in parkinsonism have been identified, which make it possible to objectify the diagnosis at the early stages of the disease and to facilitate its differentiation from other types of pathological tremor. The developed method may be used for assessing the efficiency of the chemotherapeutical and surgical treatment of parkinsonism. Some suggestions were made concerning the mechanism of pathological tremor.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1986

[Spectral electromyographic analysis of essential tremor].

The authors have developed a new method of computerized statistical analysis of the spectral parameters of the circumscribing electromyogram in patients with essential tremor (ET), making use of objective frequency and amplitude parameters. The results have shown that ET differed from physiological tremor not only by amplitude but also by frequency characteristics. Four groups of patients have been identified which differed in relation to both parameters. Clear-cut criteria have been defined which may be used in the differential diagnosis between ET and parkinsonism-associated tremor. It has been suggested that the pathological mechanisms of ET and parkinsonism-associated tremor differ in their location.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Homovanillic acid content in the cerebrospinal fluid as an index of dopamine cerebral metabolism before and after a stereotaxic operation in patients with extrapyramidal hyperkinetic syndromes].

The level of homovanillic acid (HVA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as an indicator of the cerebral metabolism of dopamine was examined prior to and after the stereotaxic operation on the basal ganglia in 13 patients with extrapyramidal hyperkinetic syndromes. The HVA levels in the lumbar CSF decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) following the operation. The data obtained suggest that a decrease in the activity of the central dopaminergic systems secondary to the destruction of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus affects the biochemical mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of stereotaxic operations on extrapyramidal hyperkineses. A possible relationship of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus with dopaminergic and other neurotransmitter systems involved in the regulation of extrapyramidal motor functions is discussed. The findings obtained are important for the understanding of the role of the dopaminergic systems in the pathogenesis of extrapyramidal hyperkinetic syndromes and for the identification of the biochemical mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of stereotaxic operations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Combined (surgical and drug) therapy of parkinsonism].

Stereotaxic surgical operations on the basal cerebral ganglia are effective in the tremor and tremor-rigid forms of parkinsonism. Surgery is followed by an increased excretion of dopamine with a good clinical effect in most cases. Madopar (L-DOPA with an inhibitor DOPA-decarboxylase) is most effective in the akinetic and rigid-akinetic forms of the disease. Prolonged treatment with this drug leads to a sharp increase in DOPA and less significant in dopamine secretion. The effect of a single low dose of madopar on DOPA and dopamine excretion can be detected for six hours. When stereotaxic operation is indicated, the combined (surgery plus drug therapy) treatment of parkinsonism is most optimal. Following effective stereotaxic surgery, drug therapy should be continued with reduced dosage of the drugs.

Benserazide↗
PubMed1981

[Approaches to the study of dopamine metabolism in various extrapyramidal diseases].

The authors present the results of examining the content of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylacetic or homovanillic acid (the principal end metabolite of dopamine) in the ventricular fluid of patients suffering from various extrapyramidal diseases. A considerable lowering of the homovanillic acid (HVA) concentration is demonstrated in patients with parkinsonism: this reflects the degeneration of the dopamine-containing pathways and the lowering of the dopamine synthesis in the basal ganglia in that disease. The treatment with L-DOPA leads to a considerable rise of the HVA level in the ventricular fluid, the fact, that points to an intensification of dopamine metabolism in the brain, when its precursor, i.e. L-DOPA is given to the patients. In patients with deforming muscular dystonia, statistically significant differences of the HVA concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid were noted. These differences correlated with the clinical manifestations of the disease. The concentration was found to be much higher in patients with local muscular rigidity, than in those in whose clinical picture the dystonic hyperkinesis was prevalent. It is concluded that in phenotypically different forms of the deforming muscular dystonia the character of the pathology of the central dopaminergic system is also different. Patients with Huntington's chorea showed a low level of the HVA in the intraventricular fluid. It is supposed that this is an evidence of either a fall of the dopamine total content in the brain because of the degeneration of the respective neurons, or of a deterioration of cerebral dopamine catabolism because of enzymatic insufficiency. The data obtained are of importance for understanding the pathogenesis, and for developing methods of treating extrapyramidal motor disturbances.

Athetosis↗
PubMed1981

[Transient cerebral circulatory disorders caused by an aneurysm of the cervical segment of the internal carotid artery].

A 56-year-old male patient showed numerous episodes of transitory disturbances of the cerebral circulation for a period of 12 years. The disturbances were localized in the left hemisphere. At operation a large and partially thrombosed aneurysm was discovered in the cervical division of the internal carotid artery. The aneurysm was discovered in the cervical division of the internal carotid artery. The aneurym was excised, and the artery ligated. For 10 years after the operation the patient has been showing no cerebral circulation disturbances. This observation shows that the transitory cerebral circulation disturbances may be caused by periodic embolism of the median cerebral artery by thrombotic aggregates getting from an aneurysm in the cervical division of the internal carotid artery.

Carotid Arteries↗
PubMed1975

[The reflex on shortening (the Westphal phenomenon) in deforming muscular (torsion) dystrophy].

By the aid of an objective test the authors studied the reflex to a shortening (the Westphal phenomenon) which is a typical symptom of deforming muscular dystrophy, reflecting disorders of the muscular tone. It was demonstrated that prior to a development of a muscular spasm there were changes of the muscular activity due to an integration of excitation. It is being supposed that muscular spasms and dystonic hyperkinesis are generated on a spinal level. A disappearance of the Westphal phenomenon following operations on the basal ganglia, may indicate to the fact that the leading role in the genesis of this phenomenon belongs not only to the segmentary spinal apparatus, but to the supraspinal influence from the stem-subcortical brain structure.

Adolescent↗