Biomedical subjects

E I Gusev

Publications and source records attributed to E I Gusev.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

[A comprehensive clinico-neurophysiological study of the efficacy of the pharmaceutical preparation glycine in acute ischemic stroke].

In intensive care unit 226 patients underwent step-by-step clinical and neurophysiological investigation of glycin chemotherapy efficiency in the acute period of ischaemic stroke. Investigation included double-blind placebo controlled method, monitoring (by means of EEG, toposelective mapping of EEG, SSEP, transcutaneous cortical electric stimulation, ENMG) of changes of brain functional state after the first drug dose and course of treatment, analysis of dose-dependent action of the drug, posticchemic follow-up. It was found out, that usage of the drug glycin (daily dose 1-2 grams) in the combined intensive treatment of stroke provided for significant acceleration of regress of disorders of consciousness and other general and focal signs (in comparison with severity-matched control group), and more complete and stable restoration of function to the end of acute period of the disease.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

[The basic factors affecting outcomes in strokes].

Outcomes in 1102 patients with 3 main types of stroke have been analysed to determine the significance of basic stroke outcome predictors. They are: type of the stroke, location of the focus, gravity of the patient's condition when the first aid is performed, spectrum of hospital facilities, diseases of the patient before and besides the stroke. A decrease of the mortality rate and optimal level of ADL score after stroke can be provided in cases when intensive care units-general hospitals are the first step of treatment.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1994

Prolonged dynamic clinico-immunological observation of 85 patients with definite multiple sclerosis: first steps towards monitoring process activity.

Prolonged clinico-immunological observation of 85 patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) was performed in order to elucidate the connections between the clinical and immune state. A battery of immunological investigations was performed, including estimation of T-cell subpopulations in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); proliferative responses of circulating lymphocytes to mitogens, recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL2) and myelin basic protein levels in different culture conditions; levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) in sera and CSF, and of Ig production in vitro; indices of IL2 synthesis and IL2 sensitivity; production of prostaglandin E2 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha by monocytes and levels of beta-endorphin in sera and supernatants phytohaemagglutinin of (PHA)-activated cells. Clinical observation was performed periodically using Kurtzke scales and was supplemented by repeated recording of evoked potentials and magnetic resonance imaging. Initial investigations showed specific differences between patients with MS and the control groups (donors and patients with other neurological disorders of the same age). Correlative and regressive analyses showed no association between immunological and clinical parameters at the initial investigation, although immunological indexes were inter-related, and indicated specific alterations in immunoregulation in MS. Retrospective analysis revealed associations between the clinical status of patients with MS and their previous immune status. Evidence of cell activation--including a decreased percentage of circulating cells with differential antigens, lower cell mitogen-induced proliferative responses in vitro, with restoration following the addition of autoserum, greater IL2 sensitivity, and increased TNF-alpha production by macrophages--often predicted the clinical manifestation of deterioration. It is proposed that the immunopathological process in MS has a number of stages with characteristic features, and that progression from one stage to another can be subclinical. No single immunological index can be used to determine stage. Only systemic alterations reflect the real situation, whilst every patient has some abnormalities. A system of clinico-immunological monitoring could severe as the basis for a new approach to the dynamic treatment of MS.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[The effect of different hyperbaric oxygenation regimens on the aggregate status of the blood and on the free-radical oxidation processes in patients with the initial manifestations of cerebral blood supply failure].

Blood rheology, hemocoagulation, free-radical oxidation, acid-alkaline condition of the capillary and venous blood were investigated in 62 ICIB patients before and after treatment which consisted of 8 hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) sessions or 3 HBO sessions (1.5 atm and 1,2 atm, respectively), the rest patients were not exposed to HBO. The best therapeutic results were achieved with a short-term HBO at a small excessive pressure. The longer HBO regimen provided no positive tendencies in clinical parameters. On the contrary, it provoked blood rheology deterioration, activation of free-radical oxidation stemming from diminished adaptation to hyperoxia in ICIB.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[The cerebral and central hemodynamics of patients with vertebrobasilar stroke].

Cerebral and central hemodynamics were studied in 45 patients acutely affected with vertebrobasilar apoplexy. Noninvasive methods-ultrasonic dopplerography of the extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries, unidirectional echocardiography were employed on post-apoplectic days 1, 7 and 21. The same examinations were performed in two groups of control subjects: healthy persons and patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy degree I and II. The comparison of relevant data elucidated regularities of interaction existing in the changes of cerebral and central hemodynamics in patients with vertebrobasilar apoplexy of moderate severity. Prognostic significance of the findings is characterized.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1994

[The clinico-neurophysiological study of the effect of cerebrolysin on brain function in the acute and early recovery periods of hemispheric ischemic stroke].

Thirty patients with acute ischemic stroke and at early terms of postapoplectic recovery received cerebrolysin in daily doses 10, 20 and 30 ml for 5 days or 10 ml, i. v. for 10 days, respectively. The patients were examined for neurological status and cerebral function. In acute stroke the highest effect occurred in the affection of moderate severity. In severe stroke the drug stimulated recovery of impaired functions which tended to restore more quickly than in control subjects. In early convalescents cerebrolysin improved motor functions. Details of the results of the combined neurophysiological examination in the course of the treatment are discussed.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1993

[The complex clinico-electrophysiological assessment of the motor disorders in patients in the early period of recovery from an ischemic stroke].

A neurophysiological analysis of motor affections has been made in post-apoplectic patients during early convalescence. Altogether 26 patients aged 45-68 were examined on week 3-4 since ischemic hemispheric apoplexy. Magnetic stimulation of cerebral cortex motor zones, measurements of M-response and evoked skin sympathetic potential. Mild or moderate motor dysfunctions were characterized by reduced amplitude of the M-response and prolonged central pyramid conduction on the affected side. Severe paresis is associated with no M-response to magnetic stimulation of the cortex on the affected side. Pathogenetic mechanisms of the above disorders and their implications for treatment and rehabilitation are discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

[The use of NMR tomography for the dynamic observation of patients with disseminated sclerosis].

NMR-tomography data and clinical topographic parallels were followed up in 27 multiple sclerosis patients on treatment. Primary NMR tomography identified disseminated foci of more intensive signal in the brain and spinal cord of 78% of the patients. In 6 patients the diagnosis was not confirmed, in 21 patients there was tomographic evidence of various disorders: foci of hyperintensity associated with ventricular system enlargement, cerebral atrophy, hyperintensity zones. The number of more intensive signal foci correlated with the disease severity. Hemispheric foci of hyperintensity were clinically most important. Most of the foci were localized in periventricular region. Changes in the above parameters were observed only 1-2 years after the treatment. It is inferred that NMR tomography is both diagnostic and follow-up tool in multiple sclerosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Clinico-neurophysiological studies of the conductive affective and effective systems of the brain in the acute period of ischemic stroke].

As many as 43 patients aged 44 to 79 years with acute ischemic brain stroke of hemispheric (n = 30) and stem (n = 13) localization underwent clinical and neurophysiological examinations including noninvasive transcutaneous cortical pacing and investigation of short-latent somatosensory evoked brain potentials. This made it possible to exercise objective dynamic control over the motor and sensitive conductive brain systems. Certain common regularities were revealed in the functional reconstruction of motor (pyramid) and sensitive conductors in the acute period of brain stroke. Quantitative criteria for estimating the degree of the functional motor and sensitive defect were determined together with those for predicting its recovery.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1992

[Clinico-immunological monitoring of the condition of patients with multiple sclerosis].

The clinico-immunologic monitoring of 50 patients suffering from genuine multiple sclerosis by means of the clinical, neurophysiological and immunologic methods and NMR tomography attests to the relationship between changes in the clinical and immunologic characteristics. The changes in the immunologic characteristics were found to anticipate the clinical ones. The authors provide evidence for the possibility and necessity of the clinico-immunologic monitoring of the patients' status for predicting the further course of the disease.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed1992

[Results of clinico-immunological testing of myelopid in chronic forms of multiple sclerosis].

Forty patients with a verified diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), the majority of whom had the secondary progressive form of the disease, received a short-term treatment with myelopid (MP). After this 10 patients were given a long-term treatment with MP. The clinical trial was carried out by the double blind method using placebo. The patients' status was estimated by special evaluation scales (clinical), immunoassays (the content of T lymphocyte subpopulations, reaction of blast transformation of leukocytes to mitogens under different conditions of cultivation including that in the presence of 0.3 micrograms/ml MP, by assessment of the production and activity of interleukin-2), by the method of evoked potentials and NMR tomography. 60% of the patients manifested an improvement of the clinical status after the short-term MP treatment, which was accompanied by positive dynamics of evoked potentials and a decrease of the functional activity of the cells in the reaction of blast transformation of leukocytes. In such patients, MS ran a more favourable course during 0.5-1.5 years of observation. In 8 patients with the immunologic signs of the pathological process activation, the clinical status worsened after MP. The correlation and regression analyses allowed one to specify the clinico-immunologic indications and contraindications for MP administration. The clinico-immunologic changes noted were not recorded after placebo. In the patients receiving the long-term treatment, one could see a further decline of the functional activity of the cells in the reaction of blast transformation of leukocytes, a rise of the content of T suppressors/killers in the blood, a favourable clinical course of MS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Activins↗

PubMed1991

[Incidence and the degree of compensation of diseases of the nervous system].

Based on the results of a clinicoepidemiological examination of the population of one of the medical districts of Leningrad and of the rural community (altogether 14,600 persons), marked differences were established in the general incidence of nervous system diseases (595.3% and 199.6%, respectively) as were 15 main patterns of neurological pathology. The incidence of nervous diseases was found to be fairly high, especially among women, which was supported by the data on 7 organized populations (overall 10.1 thousand persons). Factors of urbanization were shown to have an adverse effect on the population health status, manifesting, first of all, in a direct relationship between the incidence of initial signs of cerebral circulation failure and the number of the urban population. In the organized populations of the cities, the number of patients with the most unfavourable course of nervous system diseases (subcompensated and decompensated patterns) reached 21.5% of the total number of persons afflicted with chronic diseases of the nervous system. Meanwhile in the organized rural community, it was only 9.2%.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Status of central and cerebral hemodynamics in patients with occlusive lesions of major arteries of the head in the acute period of ischemic stroke].

A study was made of the central and cerebral hemodynamics in 65 patients with occlusive lesions of the main arteries of the head in the acute period of ischemic brain stroke (on days 1, 7 and 21). Ultrasound dopplerography of the extracranial part of the main arteries of the head and unidimensional echocardiography were employed. Analysis of the linear velocity of the blood flow in the internal carotid and vertebral arteries, of their diameter and volumetric blood flow, and of the central hemodynamics allowed a conclusion that the presence of cardial pathology in ischemic brain stroke promotes a progressive decrease of contractile and pump function of the left ventricular myocardium toward the end of the acute period of ischemic brain stroke.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1991

[A clinico-neurophysiological analysis and the treatment problems of the crush syndrome (based on data from the earthquake in Armenia)].

Overall 350 patients with the crush syndrome were examined. It has been shown by the clinico-neurological investigation that in long compression of the limbs followed by the development of the crush syndrome, sensitive fibers and the membrane of the axon are most of all exposed to unfavourable effects. The changes discovered as a result of the clinically intact nerves point to the diffuse impairment of the peripheral neuromotor apparatus in patients with the crush syndrome.

Armenia↗

PubMed1991

[Hyperbaric oxygenation in the treatment of compression mononeuropathies].

105 patients with compression mononeuropathies were divided into 2 groups by duration of HBO performed under an original method. The effect of HBO treatment was assessed by changes in neurological symptoms and positive trend on ENMG. The most appreciable response was obtained in acute disease treated by 4-session short course. Longer courses of VIII-X sessions were less efficient.

Humans↗

PubMed1990

[Mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygenation in minor differential pressure in stroke].

Analysis is made of a complex of clinicoelectrophysiologic, biochemical and biophysical studies conducted in 220 patients with brain stroke, receiving a course of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) at minor differential pressure (1.2-1.3 absolute atmospheres). It is shown that HBO can be applied as pathogenetic therapy in patients afflicted with brain stroke. It produces a marked clinical effect and normalizes EEG, REG and acid-alkaline balance, brings about a decrease of initially high lipid peroxidation (LPO), activating antioxidative processes and superoxide dismutase. However, such an effect is only produced by the first HBO sessions at minor differential pressure, which is likely to be due to the substitution action of hyperoxia and activation of antioxidative processes. The studies thus made validate the efficacy of short-term sessions of HBO in patients with brain stroke and the possibility of hyperoxia over-dosage in patients with disturbed antioxidant defence.

Blood Pressure↗

PubMed1990

[Computer-assisted spectrum analysis of Doppler ultrasonograms in occlusive lesions of the carotid arteries].

Efficacy of surgical treatment is related to the early diagnosis of extracranial injuries to the carotid arteries. Thirty-five patients with initial manifestations of brain circulatory failure were examined with the aid of spectral computer analysis of ultrasonograms (SCA USG). According to SCA and radiocontrast angiography, 3 grades of stenosis were distinguished: grade I--unevenness of contours, grade II--stenosis exceeding 50%, and grade III--occlusion. Based on the grades of stenosis, 7 quantitative parameters of SCA USG and significance of each parameter were analyzed with the aid of dispersion analysis. The postoperative period was characterized by positive dynamics of the quantitative parameters of SCA USG: spectral enlargement, systolic acceleration; the time of the systolic peak rise.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Osmotic homeostasis and blood rheology in patients in the acute period of ischemic cerebral infarction].

The authors describe the role of changes in osmotic homeostasis and hemorheology in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain stroke. 48 patients experiencing an acute period of ischemic brain stroke were examined. For this purpose the following methods were employed: measurements of blood, urine and CSF osmolality by Knauer osmometer; glucose and urea by the enzymatic assay; blood electrolytes by flame photometer; aggregation of platelets, red blood cells, blood viscosity, fibrinogen, hematocrit; the ethanol test, and thromboelastography. The data obtained demonstrate that the unfavorable prognostic signs may include steady and increasing hyperosmia, rise of the mmol discriminant of osmolality to over 35-40 mOsm/l, a progressive decrease of the rheological blood parameters and of colloid-osmotic pressure together with a progressive reduction of the urine/blood osmolality, which points to the rupture of the compensation for osmotic homeostasis and decompensation for the functional system regulating the blood aggregation state.

Acute Disease↗