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Biomedical subjects

E Huhti

Publications and source records attributed to E Huhti.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Ultrastructure of terminal respiratory epithelium and prognosis in chronic interstitial pneumonia.

Following acute damage, proliferation of granular pneumocytes with subsequent transformation into membranous cells is the basic pattern of repair of the alveolar epithelium. Regarding chronic interstitial pneumonias little is known about the ultrastructural changes of terminal respiratory epithelium and their clinical significance. We studied open lung biopsies from 10 patients showing clinical and light microscopic changes consistent with chronic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (UIP). We studied the ultrastructure and correlated it with the clinical course of the patients. Only alveolar type epithelium was seen in two cases with a short duration of disease and good response to therapy. Bronchiolar-type epithelium was present in the terminal respiratory units of all other patients with longer duration of disease and less favourable prognosis. Four patients died: all of them showed signs of mucus secretion and keratinization in the terminal respiratory epithelium. Thus in chronic interstitial pneumonia the presence of the alveolar type of epithelium seems to indicate reversibility and that of the bronchiolar type irreversibility of the lesions, while mucous and keratinizing metaplasias apparently occur at a late stage of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Clinical comparison of fenoterol and albuterol administered by inhalation. A double-blind study.

The effects of inhaling 0.4 mg of fenoterol hydrobromide (Berotec), 0.2 mg of albuterol (salbutamol), or placebo were compared in a double-blind three-way crossover study in a group of 12 asthmatic patients. After inhalation of fenoterol, the maximum increase in the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was 0.76 L (48 percent) and in the peak expiratory flow (PEF) was 100 L/min (47 percent). The corresponding figures after inhalation of albuterol were 0.68 L (46 percent) and 98 L/min (48 percent), respectively. In comparison with administration of placebo, the FEV1 was significantly increased until six hours after inhalation of either drug. From three to six hours after inhalation, the effect of administration of fenoterol (as measured by FEV1 or PEF) significantly exceeded that of albuterol. Administration of either drug resulted in approximately equal bronchodilation (as measured by the increase in FEV1 or PEF), the effect of inhalation of fenoterol being of longer duration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Chronic respiratory disease in rural men. An epidemiological survey at Hankasalmi, Finland.

To discover the prevalence of chronic respiratory disease and the various factors associated with it, 1162 men (85% of the defined population) aged 25 to 69 years were surveyed using a questionnaire, chest radiograph and spirometry. 112 men with pulmonary tuberculosis or "other respiratory disease" were excluded from the analysis. Excluding the youngest age group (25 to 39 years), the smokers were thinner than the non-smokers. The percentages of overweight men among the non-smokers, ex-smokers and smokers were 22%, 27% and 14%, respectively (P less than 0.001). Almost all respiratory symptoms were more common in the smokers than in the non-smokers, and the prevalence of cough, phlegm, severe breathlessness and the effect of weather on respiratory symptoms significantly increased with age. Asthma was not associated with age or smoking, nor was socioeconomic status associated with chronic respiratory disease. The ventilatory function, measured by FEV1, FVC and FEV%, was worse in the smokers than in the non-smokers. In addition the slope of FEV% on age was significantly steeper in the ex-smokers and the various groups of smokers than in the non-smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Chronic respiratory disease in rural women. An epidemiological survey at Hankasalmi, Finland.

To discover the prevalence of chronic respiratory disease and its association with various factors, 1217 women (84% of the defined population) aged 25 to 69 years were surveyed using a questionnaire, chest radiograph and spirometry. 71 women with pulmonary tuberculosis or "other respiratory disease" were excluded from the analysis. At all ages the smokers were thinner than the non-smokers. The percentages of overweight women among the non-smokers, ex-smokers and smokers were 50%, 42% and 19%, respectively (P less than 0.001). Nasal catarrh was significantly more common in the smokers than in the non-smokers but for other symptoms no definite association with smoking was found. Breathlessness, wheezing and the effect of weather were significantly more common at older ages. Socioeconomic status did not seem to influence the occurrence of chronic respiratory disease. No significant effect of smoking on FEV1, FVC or FEV1 % was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Ultrastructure of lymphoid interstitial pneumonia: virus-like particles in bronchiolar epithelium of a patient with Sjögren's syndrome.

Ultrastructural studies of an open lung biopsy of a patient who had lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, Sjögren's syndrome, and a highly elevated level of immunoglobulin M in the serum disclosed the presence in bronchiolar epithelium of numerous round electron-dense particles 70-120 nm in diameter. These were closely reminiscent of the oncogenic type-A viral particles associated with tumors of laboratory and wild mice. In the inflammatory infiltrate the morphology of some small lymphocytes was suggestive of germinative activity, although no germinal centers were found. Plasma cells, which were numerous in the vicinity of the bronchiolar epithelium, contained varying amounts of electron-dense material, probably immunoglobulin, which was also deposited in the irregulary thickened epithelial basal lamina. The observations support the theory that viral infection may be the stimulus to the immunologic abnormalities observed in patients with lymphoid interstitial pneumonia and Sjögren's syndrome.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1977

Chronic respiratory disease, smoking and prognosis for life. An epidemiological study.

A population group, comprising 653 men and 823 women aged 40-64 years, was surveyed in 1961 to determine the prevalence of chronic respiratory disease. Questionnaire, simple spirometry and thoracic radiography were used. The 10-year mortality of the population has been related to the initial findings. After standardization for age and smoking, men in each of the disease or symptom groups had a higher risk of dying during the 10-year period than men without lung disease; for the total group of men with chronic non-specific lung disease (CNSLD) the standardized risk ratio was 1.3. After standardization for age and presence of CNSLD, men in all smoking groups had a higher risk of dying than male non-smokers. For the total before the age of 15 therisk was 4.1-fold. When men with and without CNSLD were analysed separtely in different smoking groups, the excess mortality of men with CNSLD varied from 10 to 110% (risk ratios from 1.1 to 2.1), being highest among the heaviest smokers. In men without lung disease, the smokers had a 1.8-fold mortality as compared with non-smokers. In women, the CNSLD did not increase mortality, but in female smokers the risk of dying was roughly twice that of female non-smokers although the difference was not significant. It appears from the findings that, as far as the prognosis for life is concerned in the male population surveyed, smoking is more important than CNSLD. The effect of CNSLD seemed to be stronger in men who smoked at least 25 g of tobacco daily, than in men who smoked less. The ex-smokers resembled non-smokers more than smokers in mortality experience which suggests that the deleterious effects of smoking may disappear after smoking has been discontinued.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Tuberculosis of the cervical lymph nodes : a clinical, pathological and bacteriological study.

Biopsies taken from the lymph nodes of 59 consecutive patients with cervical lymph node tuberculosis were examined bacteriologically and histologically. The series consisted of 18 men (mean age 40 years) and 41 women (mean age 46 years). Mycobacteria were isolated from 41 specimens (69 per cent), M. tuberculosis from 40 patients and a mycobacterium of the M. avium-M. intracellulare complex from one. All the M. tuberculosis strains were sensitive to streptomycin, isoniazid and PAS. No mycobacteria were isolated from the biopsy specimens of the 10 patients who had received anti-tuberculosis drug previously. Mycobacteria were isolated equally often from caseating and non-caseating lymph nodes. In 10 specimens acid-fast bacilli could be demonstrated by staining, but attempts at isolation were unsuccessful. Nine of these 10 patients had been treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs previously. Histological examination of the specimen from which a growth of 'atypical' mycobacteria had been obtained failed to show any distinctive features. The results of treatment are given over a follow-up period of 2 years. Primary chemotherapy was not entirely successful. Of 52 patients treated in this way only 38 responded well. By contrast 19 patients were treated by a combination of chemotherapy and surgery and the outcome was satisfactory in all but one.

Adult↗