Compatibility of hydromorphone hydrochloride with haloperidol lactate and ketorolac tromethamine.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Analgesics↗
Biomedical subjects
E Huang
Publications and source records attributed to E Huang.
Tumor activity confirmation and isodose curve display for patients receiving iodine-131-labeled 16.88 human monoclonal antibody.
A study was performed to correlate activity quantitation derived from external imaging with surgical tumor specimens in patients who received radiolabeled monoclonal antibody. Patients were given I-131 labeled 16.88 human antibody and scanned 3-5 times by planar and/or single photon emission computed tomography imaging methods to acquire time-dependent activity data in tumor and normal tissues. A method also was developed to assess the heterogeneous activity distributions in tumor samples. Postsurgical tumor and normal tissue samples were subdivided into volume elements (voxels) of 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm x 0.05 cm thick, which were used to verify the activity quantitation computed by the conjugate view method and to appraise the heterogeneity of radiolabeled antibody uptake. Through the use of the measured voxel activities, along with the time-dependent activity curves available for the entire tumor specimen derived from imaging, the cumulated activity and absorbed dose for each voxel were uniquely determined. The calculated total absorbed dose values were color-coded as isodose curves and overlaid on a correlated computed tomographic image. In two patients, activity quantitation derived from external imaging correlated with surgical tumor resection specimens within +/- 11%. The tumor-absorbed dose heterogeneity ratio was found to be as high as 10:1, with an average tumor to whole body absorbed dose ratio of 4:1. The mapping of activity with a histologic overlay showed a good correlation among activity uptake, the presence of tumor, and antigen expression on a microscopic scale. The resultant isodose curves overlaid on correlative computed tomographic scans represent the first images obtained with actual radiolabeled antibody biodistribution data in patients.
Absorption↗
A homology model of human interferon alpha-2.
An atomic coordinate five alpha-helix three-dimensional model is presented for human interferon alpha-2 (HuIFN alpha 2). The HuIFN alpha 2 structure was constructed from murine interferon beta (MuIFN beta) by homology modeling using the STEREO and IMPACT programs. The HuIFN alpha 2 model is consistent with its known biochemical and biophysical properties including epitope mapping. Lysine residues predicted to be buried in the model were primarily unreactive with succinimidyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid (AMCA-NHS), a lysine modification agent, as shown by mass spectrometric analysis of tryptic digests. N-terminal sequence analysis of polypeptides generated by limited digestion of HuIFN alpha 2 with endoproteinase Lys-C demonstrated rapid cleavage at K31, which is consistent with the presence of this residue in a loop in the proposed HuIFN alpha 2 model. Based on this model structure potential receptor binding sites are identified.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Slow and incomplete inactivations of voltage-gated channels dominate encoding in synthetic neurons.
Electrically excitable channels were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells using a vaccinia virus vector system. In cells expressing rat brain IIA Na+ channels only, brief pulses (< 1 ms) of depolarizing current resulted in action potentials with a prolonged (0.5-3 s) depolarizing plateau; this plateau was caused by slow and incomplete Na+ channel inactivation. In cells expressing both Na+ and Drosophila Shaker H4 transient K+ channels, there were neuron-like action potentials. In cells with appropriate Na+/K+ current ratios, maintaining stimulation produced repetitive firing over a 10-fold range of frequencies but eventually led to "lock-up" of the potential at a positive value after several seconds of stimulation. The latter effect was due primarily to slow inactivation of the K+ currents. Numerical simulations of modified Hodgkin-Huxley equations describing these currents, using parameters from voltage-clamp kinetics studied in the same cells, accounted for most features of the voltage trajectories. The present study shows that insights into the mechanisms for generating action potentials and trains of action potentials in real excitable cells can be obtained from the analysis of synthetic excitable cells that express a controlled repertoire of ion channels.
Action Potentials↗
The involucrin genes of the mouse and the rat: study of their shared repeats.
The involucrin genes of the mouse (Mus musculus) and the rat (Rattus norvegicus) have been cloned and sequenced. The coding region of each gene contains, at site P, a segment of repeats homologous to that of other nonanthropoid mammals. In contrast to the repeats of species belonging to different mammalian orders, many individual repeats of the mouse and the rat can be matched. Both before and after the divergence of the two species, these repeats have been the site of systematic alterations in nucleotide sequence. One of the alterations is the correction of nucleotides of one repeat by those of another. Corrected nucleotides may be closely linked to flanking nucleotides that are uncorrected; the systematic correction process therefore appears to be due to gene conversion. There is a stretch of 18 reiterated CAGs in the segment of repeats of the Mus gene; most of these reiterations were introduced recently, supporting the idea that the gene was generated originally from poly CAG. An antiserum to a synthetic peptide encoded by the segment of repeats of the Mus gene reveals differentiation-specific expression of the gene in the epidermis.
Animals↗
Alloantigen-dependent endothelial phenotype and lymphokine mRNA expression in rejecting murine cardiac allografts.
Recent studies suggest that graft microvascular endothelia may play an important role in the regulation of rejection. Alloantigen-dependent changes in microvascular endothelial phenotype may be associated with differences in infiltrate function in allografts vs. isografts, as reflected in alloantigen-specific CTL accumulation and cytokine production. To correlate cytokine production with differences in microvascular endothelial phenotype during allograft inflammation, we used PCR to identify cytokine mRNAs isolated from pooled cardiac isografts and allografts on days 1, 3, and 5 after transplantation. Graft microvascular endothelia express an inflamed phenotype associated with wound healing and the repair of tissue damage due to mechanical trauma, ischemia, and/or reperfusion injury--i.e., high levels of ICAM-1 expression and MECA-32 mAb reactivity. By day 1 in both isografts and allografts, mRNAs for the cytokines IL1 alpha, IL6, TNF, LT, and TGF beta are upregulated or induced. By the third day in cardiac allografts, an antigen-dependent endothelial phenotype is expressed, characterized by the presence of cell surface VCAM-1. Concomitantly, mRNAs for the lymphokines IL2 and IFN gamma are detected, followed by IL4 mRNA by day 5. The expression of VCAM-1 by allograft endothelia may influence the inflammatory process, by physically recruiting specific T cell subpopulations into the response and/or by delivering additional signals to the infiltrating cells. Eventually, these and other regulatory events occurring at these early times initiate a process that later results in alloreactive tissue destruction.
Animals↗
Treatment with anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 monoclonal antibody induces long-term murine cardiac allograft acceptance.
Daily in vivo treatment of murine H-2d --> H-2b cardiac allograft recipients with 400 micrograms/day i.p. of M/K-2, a mAb to the endothelial adhesion molecule VCAM-1, resulted in prolongation of graft survival. The surviving allografts showed little of the histologic changes observed in acutely rejecting control allografts. When antibody treatment was discontinued after 20 days, grafts continued to function for at least 40 more days. This was approximately 30 days after mAb was no longer detectable by ELISA in the circulation, or by immunoperoxidase staining at the graft site. The most notable feature of grafts that survived 60 days was the presence of mild interstitial fibrosis. Endothelial reactivity was minimal with the mAbs MECA-32 and M/K-2, which have been used in previous studies to visualize the extensive endothelial inflammation that develops during untreated acute rejection. There was a mild cellular infiltrate containing T cells, but few macrophages. However, infiltrating T cells appeared to be inactive in that IL-2R+ cells were immunohistologically undetectable and mRNA for IL-2, IL-4, or IFN-gamma was undetectable by polymerase chain reaction. In general, the immunologic conditions in these long-term grafts differed from those seen in normal cardiac tissue, cardiac isografts, or cardiac allografts. These data demonstrate that M/K-2 mAb can suppress cardiac allograft rejection and induce long-term graft acceptance. This graft survival appears to be associated with the development of a unique state of immunity at the graft site.
Animals↗
Cytokine mRNA expression during development of acute rejection in murine cardiac allografts.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Acute Disease↗
Characterization of N-linked oligosaccharides by electrospray and tandem mass spectrometry.
Electrospray and tandem mass spectrometry are used to characterize underivatized oligosaccharides that have been digested from asparagine side chains of glycoproteins. Oligosaccharides that contain sialic acids were detected with the best sensitivity in the negative-ion detection mode whereas those that do not contain sialic acid were detected with the best sensitivity in the positive-ion detection mode. The positive-ion abundances of oligosaccharides were greatly enhanced in electrospray mass spectra by adding 10 mM sodium acetate or ammonium acetate to the sample solvent. Tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine primary structural features of the oligosaccharides. Methodology that has been developed on branched high-mannose, hybrid, and complex carbohydrate standards was applied to a mixture of oligosaccharides that were digested with N-glycanase from the glycoprotein, ovalbumin. The composition and relative abundances of individual oligosaccharides obtained from the electrospray mass spectrum compare favorably to those obtained by anion-exchange chromatography/pulsed amperometric detection and by gel permeation chromatography of the oligosaccharides after radiolabelling the reducing end of the carbohydrates. The oligosaccharide content of ovalbumin was independently determined from the heterogeneity observed in the electrospray mass spectrum of the intact 44-kDa glycoprotein. Comparison of the oligosaccharide compositions determined before and after enzymatic digestion shows a selective digestion of high-mannose and low molecular weight oligosaccharides by N-glycanase.
Carbohydrate Conformation↗
Kappa 3 opiate receptor binding in the mouse and rat.
Previous work examining the binding of [3H]naloxone benzoylhydrazone (NalBzoH) in calf brain has identified a novel binding site, kappa 3. In mice and rats NalBzoH elicits an analgesic response which can clearly be differentiated from classical mu, delta or kappa 1 mechanisms and which is pharmacologically consistent with a kappa 3 receptor mechanism of action. In the current studies we demonstrate the presence of kappa 3 sites in both mouse and rat brains. The selectivity of the kappa 3 sites for opioids clearly discriminated it from traditional mu, kappa 1, kappa 2 or delta receptors. In the rat, the density of kappa 3 sites increased 2.5-fold from age 2 days to 21 days, after which it remained relatively stable. Among a number of brain regions in the rat, the density of kappa 3 sites varied dramatically. Highest levels were present in the hypothalamus, thalamus, striatum and midbrain with very low levels in the cerebellum. Intermediate levels were present in cortex, brain stem and spinal cord. Together, these studies support the presence of kappa 3 receptors in both mouse and rat brain which are very similar to those previously reported in calf brain.
Animals↗
Indomethacin promotes germinal matrix microvessel maturation in the newborn beagle pup.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although indomethacin has been demonstrated to prevent germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage in clinical and animal studies, the mechanism of action of this agent to prevent hemorrhage remains unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated both that the microvessels in the germinal matrix of newborn beagle pups undergo basement membrane maturation during the first 4 postnatal days and that indomethacin may promote laminin deposition in tumor cell culture systems. METHODS: We employed the newborn beagle pup model to test the hypothesis that indomethacin may stimulate laminin deposition in germinal matrix microvessels. Newborn pups were randomized to receive either 0.1 mg/kg/dose i.p. indomethacin or an equal volume of saline diluent. Pups received doses of study medication once a day for 1, 2, or 3 days and were studied on postnatal days 1, 2, 3, or 4. Pups were anesthetized and systemically perfused with buffered formalin; the brains were removed and prepared for immunohistochemical study. RESULTS: Sections stained with Bandeiraea lectin demonstrated that there was no difference in germinal matrix vessel density among the postnatal ages studied; similarly, there were no differences in vessel density between saline- and indomethacin-treated animals at any postnatal age. Quantification of germinal matrix stained intensity by confocal microscopy demonstrated significant increases in indomethacin-treated pups for both laminin staining at postnatal days 2 (p = 0.05) and 3 (p = 0.0009) and type V collagen staining at postnatal day 2 (p = 0.011). Although staining for beta 1 integrins increased across postnatal ages, there were no differences between saline- and indomethacin-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that indomethacin may stimulate basement membrane deposition in the germinal matrix microvessels of newborn beagle pups to prevent germinal matrix and/or intraventricular hemorrhage.
Animals↗
cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulate the human heat shock protein 70 gene promoter activity.
The theme of this study is an evaluation of the involvement of cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in the regulation of the human heat shock protein (hsp) 70 gene promoter. Expression of a highly specific protein inhibitor of PKA (pRSVPKI) inhibited the basal as well as heat- and cadmium-induced expression of the cotransfected pHBCAT, a human hsp 70 promoter-driven reporter gene; this inhibition was dependent on the amount of pRSVPKI used. The effect of an expression vector of the RI regulatory subunit of PKA, pMTREV, was similar to that of pRSVPKI; pMTREV inhibited both the basal as well as the heat-induced expression of pHBCAT. The specificity of effects of these expression vectors was demonstrated by the lack of effect of a mutant PKI gene and by the unaffected expression of a reference gene (pRSV beta gal) under these conditions. Analysis of the effects of dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM), forskolin (10 microM), and 8-Br-cAMP (1 mM) on the transient expression of pHBCAT showed that these cAMP-elevating agents stimulated the hsp 70 promoter activity, whereas cAMP (1 mM) was without effect. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene constructs with truncated or mutated hsp 70 promoter were used to define the cis-acting DNA element(s) that confer this cAMP stimulation; the heat induced (42 degrees C) expression was used as a control. Mutation of the adenovirus transcription factor element (pLSN-40/-26) greatly reduced the basal level of expression; forskolin had little or no effect on this adenovirus transcription factor-minus promoter, although the promoter activity was very heat inducible. The absence of a functional heat shock consensus element (HSE) in the construct pLSPNWT rendered the promoter heat insensitive; this construct was forskolin responsive although the magnitude of this stimulation was reduced when compared with that of a control construct with HSE. These results were corroborated by studies using consensus sequence of ATF (ATFE) and HSE as competitors to titrate our cellular factors that may interact with these elements. We showed that cotransfection with ATFE and HSE depressed the basal (37 degrees C) expression of pHBCAT by 25 and 60%, respectively. The heat-induced expression of pHBCAT was not significantly affected by the cotransfection of ATFE and was reduced by 60% when HSE was cotransfected. ATFE and HSE reduced the forskolin-induced pHBCAT expression by 70 and 40%, respectively. The implications of these findings as they relate to the action of cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the control of heat shock gene expression are discussed.
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
[Steroid alkaloids from stems and leaves of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim].
Three crystalline chemical components were isolated from the stems and leaves of Fritillaria ussuriensis by column chromatographic technique. On the basis of the IR, MS and 1HNMR spectra, the structure has been identified as pingbeimine B, pingbeimine C and pingbeininoside.
Alkaloids↗
[Role of ventrolateral medullary area in the effect of electrical needling "Neiguan" point on improving acute myocardial ischemia in rabbits].
40 healthy rabbits were anesthetized with 20% urethane and divided into 4 groups in same number: 1) electroacupuncture group physiological saline was applied locally on the S area of the ventral surface of the medulla: 2) naloxone group, naloxone (5 mg/ml. PH 6.5-7) was applied on the S area: 3) propranolol group, propranolol (5 mg/ml. pH 7.0) was applied on the S area: 4) control group, physiological saline was applied on the S area. The state of regional myocardial ischemia of the rabbits was caused by ligating the LAD for 20 minutes. The changes of the blood pressure and the ST values of standard lead II of ECG were observed before ligating and, at 5', 10', 15', 20', 25', 30', 35', 40', 45', 50', 55' and 60' after loosening respectively. Electroacupuncture was applied on "Neiguan" points bilaterally at 10' after ligating for 60 minutes (intensity 6-8 volt, frequency 60/min). The average potential changes of the ST values of standard lead II of 5 times were used as the index to evaluate myocardial ischemia and its recovery course. The followings are the main results of our observation: There were no statistical difference, of blood pressure and the ST values between the four groups before ligation. At 10 minutes after ligation, the ST values were elevated markedly, but there were no statistical significances between the four groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acupuncture Points↗
The hematopoietic growth factor KL is encoded by the Sl locus and is the ligand of the c-kit receptor, the gene product of the W locus.
Mutations at the steel locus (Sl) of the mouse affect the same cellular targets as mutations at the white spotting locus (W), which is allelic with the c-kit proto-oncogene. We show that KL, a hematopoietic growth factor obtained from conditioned medium of BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts that stimulates the proliferation of mast cells and early erythroid progenitors, specifically binds to the c-kit receptor. The predicted amino acid sequence of isolated KL-specific cDNA clones suggests that KL is synthesized as an integral transmembrane protein. Linkage analysis maps the KL gene to the Sl locus on mouse chromosome 10, and KL sequences are deleted in the genome of the Sl mouse. These results indicate that the Sl locus encodes the ligand of the c-kit receptor, KL.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Alkaloid constituents of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk].
Three steroid alkaloids were isolated from the bulb of Fritillaria pallidiflora. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis and physico-chemical constants they were identified as imperialine, imperialine-beta-D-glucoside and peimissine.
Alkaloids↗
The impact of dedicated physician staffing on patient flow and quality assurance parameters in an Air Force emergency department.
A retrospective audit of 17,028 emergency charts at USAF Medical Center, Scott was performed over two time periods to compare patient waiting times and selected quality assurance parameters with two methods of physician staffing. Phase 1 consisted of 4 months when the Emergency Department (ED) was manned with five physicians assigned only to that department. Non-departmental physicians supplemented the full-time staff. Phase 2 was the corresponding 4 months the following year when the ED was staffed with six emergency physicians, and non-emergency physician coverage was minimal. The difference in daily census between the two periods of time was not statistically significant. The time required to be seen by a physician decreased from an average of 25.6 minutes per patient in phase 1 to 13.7 minutes per patient in phase 2. Time to disposition also decreased from 71.9 minutes per patient in phase 1 to 59.5 minutes per patient in phase 2. In the second phase the number of "positive" x-ray findings increased, while the number of incomplete charts and patients who left without being seen by a physician diminished.
Consumer Behavior↗
[Chemical studies on the constituents of Daphne koreane Nakai].
In this paper three compounds isolated from Daphne koreane are described. Their structures have been identified as beta-sitosterol, naringenin and 7,8-dimethoxycoumarin on the basis of spectral data and chemical reactions.
Anti-Ulcer Agents↗