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Biomedical subjects

E Hommel

Publications and source records attributed to E Hommel.

62 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Cell surface glycosyl transferase activities in liver cells of developing chicken embryos.

The cell surface of embryonic chick liver cells contains transferases for mannose, fucose, galactose, N-acetyl-glucosamine and N-acetyl-neuraminic acid. Liver cells obtained by trypsin-dissociation of the tissue use the corresponding exogenous sugar nucleotides as substrates. The activities of the enzymes tested do not depend neither no the dissociation procedure nor on de novo protein synthesis. They vary considerably during development of the embryos, reaching maximal values at the 8th+/-1 day and at the 12th+/-1 day. Glycoproteins are the final stable endogenous acceptors for all sugars. Mannose transfer proceeds via a two or multistep reaction sequence. In a first step labile lipophilic intermediates are formed. Mannose can be liberated by treating the intermediates with 0.1 N HCl at 100 degrees C. In a second reaction step mannose becomes attached to glycoproteins. From embryonic chick liver cells a glycopeptide fraction has been obtained by pronase digestion followed by several purification steps. The purified glycopeptides inhibit all transferase systems and act as exogenous acceptors for mannose transfered from exogenous GDP-mannose.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High blood pressure is a major factor in progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Arterial hypertension is a frequent finding, even early in the course of diabetic nephropathy. Systemic and glomerular hypertension enhance the development of diabetic glomerulopathy and accelerate the rate of decline in glomerular filtration rate in diabetic nephropathy. Conversely, effective antihypertensive treatment reduces albuminuria and diminishes the rate of decline in glomerular filtration rate, thereby postponing end-stage renal failure in diabetic nephropathy.

Albuminuria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neutral insulin solutions physically stabilized by addition of Zn2+.

Commercial neutral insulin solutions, all of which contain 2-3 zinc atoms per hexameric unit of insulin, have a relatively limited physical stability when exposed to heat and movement, as for example in insulin infusion pumps. Physical stabilization of neutral insulin solutions has been obtained by addition of two extra Zn2+ per hexamer of insulin. This addition stabilizes porcine and human neutral solutions equally well and does not affect the chemical stability of the insulin. The stabilization is probably obtained by a further strengthening of the hexameric structure of insulin, so that the formation of insoluble insulin fibrils (via the dissociation into the insulin monomer or dimer) is impeded or prevented. The addition of an extra 2 Zn2+ has been shown to be without influence on the insulin immunogenicity in rabbits or on the rate of absorption after subcutaneous injection in diabetic patients. It is concluded that neutral insulin solution can be physically stabilized by addition of extra Zn2+ without affecting other qualities of the insulin preparation including chemical stability, immunogenicity, and duration of action after injection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surface charge of red blood cells in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with incipient and overt nephropathy.

The negative surface charge of red blood cells was studied in adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, using a chemical assay based on the binding of the cationic dye Alcian-blue 8GX to anionic sites on the cell surface. Twenty-one healthy non-diabetic adults, 21 normo-albuminuric diabetic patients, 25 diabetic patients with incipient nephropathy, and 19 diabetic patients with overt nephropathy were studied. The diabetic patients were matched for age, duration of diabetes, and glycaemic control. The red cell surface charge was nearly identical in the four groups studied. Our study does not suggest that loss of membrane negative charge is a generalized phenomenon in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with albuminuria.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of short-term strict metabolic control on kidney function and extracellular fluid volume in incipient diabetic nephropathy.

The effects of strict metabolic control (multiple insulin injections for 1 week) on urinary albumin excretion, glomerular filtration rate and extracellular fluid volume was evaluated in long-term Type 1 diabetic patients with (n = 9) and without (n = 10) incipient nephropathy. Investigations were carried out in poor (blood glucose 15 (interquartile range, 13-18) mmol l-1) and good metabolic control (5 (4-8) mmol l-1). In patients with incipient nephropathy glomerular filtration rate was 125 (SD 26) (poor control) vs 125 (20) ml min-1 (good control), urinary albumin excretion 60 (range 37-247) vs 60 (13-359) mg 24 h-1, fractional albumin clearance 6.1 (0.9-67.6) vs 6.7 (2.1-65.4) x 10(-6), extracellular fluid volume 13.4 (2.3) vs 14.3 (2.8) l (p less than 0.10). Apart from an increase in extracellular fluid volume during improved metabolic control (12.2 (1.6) vs 13.6 (2.5) l, p less than 0.02) all the above mentioned variables remained unchanged in the patients with normal urinary albumin excretion. In conclusion, strict metabolic control for 2-7 days has no effect on urinary albumin excretion and glomerular filtration rate in long-term Type 1 diabetic patients with or without incipient diabetic nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment on kidney function in diabetic nephropathy.

The purpose of our prospective study was to evaluate the long-term effect of aggressive antihypertensive treatment on glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria in young female and male patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy and blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg. Eight patients received treatment with metoprolol (200-400 mg/day), hydralazine (100-200 mg/day), and furosemide (80-500 mg/day). The untreated control group consisted of eight patients matched for age (mean 32 years), diabetes duration (mean 17 years), and sex (two female and six male patients). All patients except one had diabetic retinopathy. Glomerular filtration rate was measured after a single intravenous injection of 51Cr-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Urinary albumin concentration was determined with a radial immunodiffusion method. The investigations were performed two to four times per year in each patient. The mean observation period was 59 and 27 months in the treated and untreated groups respectively. Due to a considerable rise in arterial blood pressure, it was considered unethical to prolong the observation in the untreated group. Arterial blood pressure rose from 140/96 +/- 4/1 to 150/100 +/- 3/2 mm Hg; albuminuria increased from 1517 +/- 502 to 1911 +/- 120 micrograms/min; and glomerular filtration rate decreased by a mean of 0.84 +/- 0.17 ml/min/mo in the untreated group. Antihypertensive treatment induced blood pressure reduction 151/100 +/- 3/2 to 131/87 +/- 2/1 mm Hg; diminished albuminuria 1467 +/- 515 to 729 +/- 65 micrograms/min; and caused a slow rate of decline in GFR, mean 0.37 +/- 0.08 ml/min/mo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗