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Biomedical subjects

E Holmberg

Publications and source records attributed to E Holmberg.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The effect of postoperative external radiotherapy on cervical carcinoma stage IB and IIA.

Among 344 patients operated after intracavitary irradiation of cervical carcinoma stage IB and IIA, 55 had positive nodes in the operation specimen, 16 of these received no postoperative irradiation, 22 received pelvic irradiation without a boost dose to positive nodes, and 17 also received a boost. The crude 5-year survival was 52% for these 55 high-risk patients. All 3 patients with adenocarcinoma died. For squamous-cell carcinoma postoperative irradiation gave a later relapse and less distant metastases, but survival was not approved. Postoperative irradiation with a boost added, resulted in 3 recurrences among 16 patients, none in the treated volume, and only one complication. The numerically improved survival of this small group was not statistically significant, however. A randomized trial with and without postoperative irradiation with a boost dose, requiring 1100-1200 operated patients, would answer the question whether the observed improval is significant or not.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Aerodynamic assessment of the Henley-Cohn tracheoesophageal prosthesis.

In vitro airway resistance measurements were performed for eight Henley-Cohn voice prostheses. The results of these measures demonstrated that the Henley-Cohn device offers substantially less resistance to the flow of air than either the Blom-Singer or Panje devices. The lower overall resistance of the Henley-Cohn device was shown to be due to both its larger inner cross sectional area and to an improved valve tip design. The lower airway resistance of the Henley-Cohn prosthesis should theoretically result in more "efficient" production of esophageal voice than would be the case when using the Blom-Singer or Panje devices. However, the results of this investigation also point to the need for the development of methods which will enable investigators to evaluate the in vivo performance of tracheoesophageal prostheses.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1982

Desensitization by terbutaline of beta-adrenoceptors in the guinea-pig soleus muscle: biochemical alterations associated with functional changes.

1 The effects of adrenaline and terbutaline on cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) content, 22Na-efflux, 42K-influx and subtetanic contractions have been assessed in soleus muscles isolated from guniea-pigs which had been maintained on food with or without terbutaline for 5 days. 2 Terbutaline and adrenaline increased cyclic AMP content and suppressed subtetanic contractions, and regression analysis indicates a statistically significant correlation between these two effects (P less than 0.01). 3 In muscles obtained from terbutaline-treated animals, the effects of terbutaline and adrenaline on cyclic AMP content, active Na-K-transport and subtetanic contractions were all considerably suppressed, but insulin stimulated 22Na-efflux and affected subtetanic contractions to the same extent as in the muscles obtained from the control group. 4 The results suggest that terbutaline treatment leads to a reduction in the number of beta 2-adrenoceptors in skeletal muscle or an impairment of their function. 5 The results provide further support for the idea that the effect of adrenaline or insulin on skeletal muscle contractions is the outcome of stimulation of active Na-K-transport.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Selective development of tolerance to beta-adrenoceptor agonists in skeletal muscle as compared with airway smooth muscle from the guinea-pig.

1. Guinea-pig were fed with a diet containing terbutaline or placebo for 4--5 days. The trachea, soleus muscle and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) from these animals were prepared for recording of isometric contractions in vitro. 2. After treatment with terbutaline in vivo, the response of the pilocarpine-contracted trachea to terbutaline and isoprenaline was slightly suppressed with no change in maximum relaxation. 3. After treatment with terbutaline in vivo the maximum depression of the incomplete tetanic contractions of the soleus muscle brought about by terbutaline or isoprenaline was diminished by about 70%. The response of the EDL was also attenuated after previous treatment with terbutaline in vivo. 4. These data indicate a selective development of tolerance to the effects of beta-adrenoceptor agonists in skeletal muscle as compared with tracheal smooth muscle. 5. The present results provide an experimental analogue to the clinical observation that patients being treated with beta-adrenoceptor agonists become tolerant to the tremorogenic rather than to the bronchodilating effect.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1980

On the possible role of potassium ions in the action of terbutaline on skeletal muscle contractions.

The soleus, a slow-contracting, and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), a fast-contracting muscle from guinea-pig were prepared for isometric recording in vitro, and the effect of terbutaline, a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, was studied during various experimental conditions. In the soleus terbutaline caused an initial depression of the force of contraction followed by an increase. The degree of fusion of subtetanic contractions was reduced throughout the experiment. The EDL responded with an increased force only. The force of contraction of the two muscles increased with the K+-ion concentration of the medium up to 6 mM. Higher concentrations of K+ caused a depression which was partly prevented by terbutaline. When the contractions of the soleus muscle had been depressed by excess K+, depletion of K+ or by ouabain, terbutaline restored the twitch tension. It is suggested that the contractile machinery of the muscles is controlled by the ionic balance which in turn is changed following beta-adrenoceptor stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The adrenoceptor blocking properties of the new beta 2-selective antagonist, IPS 339 on tracheal smooth muscle and on slow contracting skeletal muscle.

The beta-adrenoceptor blocking properties of IPS 339 and propranolol were studied on isolated preparations of trachea and of the slow-contracting soleus muscle from the guinea-pig. Both compounds antagonized the relaxation of the trachea and the depression of subtetanic contractions of the soleus produced by the beta2-selective agonist, terbutaline. On the soleus muscle the pA2-values for IPS 339 and propranolol were similar and close to those obtained for propranolol on the trachea. However, on the trachea the slope of the Schildplot for IPS 339 against terbutaline became less than one and a reliable pA2-value could not be calculated.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1980

Functional and metabolic effects of terbutaline and propranolol in fast- and slow-contracting skeletal muscle in vitro.

The soleus, a slow-contracting, and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), a fast-contracting skeletal muscle from guinea-pig were prepared for isometric recording of sub-tetanic contractions in vitro. The contents of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) and creatinephosphate (CP) together with their metabolites and the contents of lactate, pyruvate and cyclic adenosine-monophosphate (c-AMP) in the muscles were determined. It was found that the energy and redox state of the isolated soleus and EDL muscles is very stable and does not significantly differ from the normal state in vivo. Moreover, there were no consistent changes in these variables after treatment with terbutaline (a beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist) or propranolol or both. Thus, effects on energy metabolism do not seem to cause the changes in muscle contraction, characteristic for beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. On the other hand, the functional effects were accompanied by elevation of the c-AMP level of the muscles.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1980

The effect of insulin on skeletal muscle contractions and its relation to the effect produced by BETA-adrenoceptor stimulation.

The soleus, a slow-contracting, and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), a fast-contracting muscle, from the guinea-pig were prepared for measurement of isometric contractions in vitro. Insulin, 2.5-55 mu/ml, caused a dose-dependent depression of twitches and subtetanic concentrations of the soleus muscle similar to and additive with that produced by the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist, terbutaline. The effect of terbutaline but not that of insulin was blocked by propranolol. Insulin had no apparent effect on the contractions of the EDL, whereas terbutaline increased the force of contraction. When depressed by KCl, however, insulin partially restored the twitch tension in both muscles. The possible role of effects on the Na+-K+ transport is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Pentobarbitone and skeletal muscle contractions: on the interaction with the effect elicited by the beta-adrenoceptor agonist, terbutaline.

The soleus, a slow-contracting muscle, and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), a fast-contracting muscle from guinea-pig were prepared for isometric recording in vitro. Subtetanic contractions were evoked by transmural field-stimulation. Pentobarbitone increased the force of contraction in both muscles. In the soleus it shifted the stimulation frequency-response curve to the left. Terbutaline caused a decrease in the force of subtetanic contractions of the soleus, an effect which was dependent on the stimulation frequency. In the presence of pentobarbitone, the stimulation frequency had to be lowered by about 2 HZ in order to maintain the optimum response to terbutaline. The EDL responded to terbutaline with an increased force of contraction. In this case the stimulation frequency was less critical and the effects were the same in the presence and in the absence of pentobarbitone. Experiments with alpha-chloralose yielded results similar to those obtained with pentobarbitone.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Analysis of the beta-receptor mediated effect on fast-contracting skeletal muscle in vitro.

Subtetanic contractions of the isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of the guinea-pig, a fast-contracting muscle, were evoked by transmural field stimulation. Isoprenaline, adrenaline, terbutaline, and noradrenaline each caused a dose-dependent increase in the force of contraction, their potencies decreasing in that order. Tyramine was without effect in this respect. Curare depressed the contractions of EDL by about 20% but did not appreciably change the response to the beta-adrenoceptor agonists. The effects of isoprenaline and noradrenaline were blocked by propranolol (unselective) and H 35/25 (1-(p-tolyl)-2-isopropylamino-1-propanol, beta2-selective) but not by practolol (beta1-selective). Moreover, the increase in the force of subtetanic contractions of EDL produced by noradrenaline was unaffected by phentolamine. It is concluded that the adrenoceptor mediating the increase in the force of contraction of the isolated EDL is of the beta2-type and that the site of action is direct on the muscle. Its similarity to the receptor mediating the inverse effect on the slow-contracting soleus-muscle is pointed out.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗