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Biomedical subjects

E Hoffman

Publications and source records attributed to E Hoffman.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Carcinoma of the thyroid: review of 304 cases.

From 1950 through 1976, 304 patients were treated for carcinoma of the thyroid at Sinai Hospital of Baltimore. This series clearly indicates that papillary cancer of the thyroid can be fatal, even after a five-year survival, even as long as 25 years later. This study also shows that a patient with solid cell or undifferentiated carcinoma of the thyroid might live as long as 17 years after operation. Twenty-three patients in this series had had previous operations, 13 of which were for malignancy of the thyroid. Of these 13 patients, four died of carcinoma of the thyroid. Three had had lobectomy, two for papillary carcinoma and one for follicular carcinoma, and one had had subtotal thyroidectomy for undifferentiated carcinoma. Early and complete resection of thyroid carcinoma is indicated because this disease can be fatal, even after long survivals, multiple foci of malignancy may be present in 27% of cases, the disease can recur in the contralateral lobe after previous lobectomy, death can occur even after secondary operation, and careful surgical treatment can yield an uneventful total thyroidectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Highly polymorphic DNA sequences in the distal region of the long arm of human chromosome 18.

Highly polymorphic repeated DNA sequences were detected at the end of the long arm of human chromosome 18 by a recombinant DNA probe containing 56 bp of human DNA (pERT25). This was shown by hybridization of pERT25 to DNA from a panel of human X rodent somatic cell hybrids, by dot blot hybridization to flow-sorted human chromosomes, and by in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes. The high degree of polymorphism detected by this 18q DNA fragment makes it potentially useful for various applications, including investigations into the genetics of trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome), linkage studies, and paternity testing.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Molecular studies of progressive muscular dystrophy (Duchenne).

The Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene cloning is presented along with evidence which indicates that the gene locus encoding the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) transcript is extremely large. Partial nucleotide sequence of the cDNA from mouse and humans has been used to predict the amino acid sequence for a part of the DMD protein. The protein is highly conserved between the two mammals and might have structural characteristics similar to other muscle-specific proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Sequences involved in temperature and ecdysterone-induced transcription are located in separate regions of a Drosophila melanogaster heat shock gene.

The transcriptional regulation of the Drosophila melanogaster hsp27 (also called hsp28) gene was studied by introducing altered genes into the germ line by P element-mediated transformation. DNA sequences upstream of the gene were defined with respect to their effect on steroid hormone-induced and heat-induced transcription. These two types of control were found to be separable; the sequences responsible for 80% of heat-induced expression were located more than 1.1 kilobases upstream of the RNA initiation site, while the sequences responsible for the majority of ecdysterone induction were positioned downstream of the site at -227 base pairs. We have determined the DNA sequence of the intergenic region separating hsp23 and hsp27 and have located putative heat shock and ecdysterone consensus sequences. Our results indicate that the heat shock promoter of the hsp27 gene is organized quite differently from that of hsp70.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Day to day variations in morphology and duration of fragmented ventricular potentials during the late post-myocardial infarction phase in conscious dogs.

The relationship between the inducibility of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and the presence of fractionated epicardial ventricular electrograms ('late potentials') was studied daily between days 3 and 8 after experimental myocardial infarction in 15 conscious dogs. Before each programmed stimulation, epicardial infarct zone electrograms were recorded from implanted 'composite' electrodes during sinus rhythm. There was considerable daily variation in the morphology and duration of delayed ventricular activation, but no significant difference in duration of infarct zone electrograms was seen between studies resulting in ventricular fibrillation (108 +/- 62 ms, mean +/- SD), sustained ventricular tachycardia (87 +/- 18 ms), nonsustained (94 +/- 41 ms) or no tachycardia (78 +/- 5 ms). Although fractionated ventricular electrograms were commonly recorded early after infarction, their presence and duration could not predict the inducibility of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Similar limitations may apply in clinical practice to the use of surface signal averaging of ventricular late potentials in the early post-myocardial infarction period.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Spontaneous transformation of a cloned cell line of normal diploid bovine vascular endothelial cells.

We report here the spontaneous transformation of a normal diploid bovine fetal aortic endothelial cell line. This cell line showed a period of rapid proliferation, followed by a period of declining proliferative activity, as judged by both a decline in the number of population doublings achieved from seeding to subcultivation and a decrease in the fraction of cells incorporating [3H]thymidine. During the decline in proliferation, foci of small cells appeared amid a background of larger senescent-appearing cells. The cultures then regained proliferative activity and have been maintained in our laboratory for more than 22 months. The transformants are characterized by (a) an indefinite life span, (b) a morphology that is more spindle shaped as compared to pretransformants , and (c) heteroploidy with chromosome translocations.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of supervisory style and experientially based frames of reference on organizational alcoholism programs.

Theoretical works concerning the influence of personal characteristics of work supervisors on their referral of subordinates to organizational alcoholism programs are reviewed. These works hypothesize two barriers to such referrals: supervisory style and experientially based frames of reference. The effects of these behavioral and attitudinal characteristics on supervisors' perceptions of subordinates' work readjustment are analyzed with a sample of 84 supervisors who had utilized the Federal Employee Alcoholism Policy (FEAP). Zero-order hypothesis tests illustrated that supervisory style, operationalized by the Least Preferred Co-worker Measure, was inversely related to perceived readjustment. Hence interpersonally oriented and more cognitively complex supervisors were less likely to perceive improvement. Experientially based frames of reference were operationalized by the Attitude toward the Recovering Alcoholic Scale and the Attitudes toward FEAP Scale. Only the latter was a significant influence, with high policy evaluation being positively associated with perceived readjustment. Multivariate analysis illustrated a significant main effect only for attitudes toward the alcoholism policy. These findings are discussed in terms of a need to reappraise the influence of supervisory style on referral to organizational alcoholism programs and the potential positive effects of organizational engineering on the success of such programs.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1984

High-resolution microscopy of lung and intrathoracic tumors.

Effective chemotherapy is available for many types of lung tumors; however, to select the most appropriate regimen, precise classification is essential. The most important differentiation is that between small cell and non-small cell anaplastic carcinoma. It is also important to distinguish mediastinal neoplasms and neoplasms metastatic to lung from primary lung tumors. Processing tissue in methacrylate and epoxy resins results in excellent preservation of histologic detail and allows for maximum resolution under the light microscope. In addition, histochemical and immunochemical procedures can be carried out in these preparations, allowing the pathologist to more precisely classify the various tumors.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Prophylactic antibiotic usage in clean surgical procedures.

The article is a review of the results of a method of use of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in 2278 clean procedures performed by the author from 1959 to 1981. The procedures analyzed are mastectomy, cholecystectomy, inguinal hernia repair, incisional hernia repair, laparotomy, and thyroidectomy. These cases are considered separately and compared with other detailed series in the literature. The author feels that the infection rate of 0% in this series when compared to rates of 1.7 per cent to 5 per cent in the literature for the same type of cases warrants use of this method. The major points in the method are 1) use of topical irrigating solution of 0.5 per cent neomycin sulfate; 2) beginning proper intravenous antibiotic administration when the patient reaches the recovery room; 3) limit the use of antibiotic to 3 days past the day of surgery unless drains or hemovacs are still in place, in which case the antibiotic is continued for 24 hours after their removal; 4) careful and strict daily examination and evaluation of the patient in order to discontinue the antibiotic at the outset of any problems; 5) continued strict adherence to basic surgical principles throughout the entire surgical experience of the patient.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

The tubulins of animals, plants, fungi and protists implications for metazoan evolution.

alpha-Tubulin subunits from trout (S. gairdneri) sperm tails, sea urchin (S. purpuratus) cilia, protistan alga (C. elongatum ) flagella and rose (Paul's Scarlet) cytoplasm have been characterized by limited proteolytic cleavage with the enzyme Staphylococcus aureus protease and electrophoresis of the digestion products on SDS-PAGE. The resulting patterns corresponded to either of two major types representative of animal and non-animal alpha-tubulins, respectively. A total of 28 alpha-tubulins have now been characterized by this method. They are classified in this paper according to the type of cleavage pattern generated by the enzyme S. aureus protease. The implications of these results for metazoan evolution are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Relative efficacy of human monocytes and dendritic cells as accessory cells for T cell replication.

Monocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies (7) were used to compare the efficacy of monocytes and dendritic cells as accessory or stimulator cells for human T cell replication. Both unfractionated and plastic-adherent mononuclear cells were first treated with a cytolytic antimonocyte antibody that kills greater than 95% of monocytes but not dendritic cells. When tested as stimulators of the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) and of oxidative mitogenesis (the proliferation of T cells modified with sodium periodate), the monocyte-depleted cells had normal or enhanced stimulatory capacity. Monocyte-depleted mononuclear cells also proliferated normally to soluble antigens (Candida albicans, tetanus toxoid), even under limiting conditions of cell dose, antigen dose, and culture time. Adherent blood mononuclear cells were next separated into monocyte-enriched and -depleted components using fluoresceinated antimonocyte antibody and the cell sorter. The depleted fraction (less than 2% monocytes by esterase staining and by cytology) contained the dendritic cells and exhibited at least 75% of the accessory activity. The monocyte-rich fraction (approximately 97% esterase positive) stimulated the MLR and oxidative mitogenesis weakly, and was comparable in potency to nonadherent cells. Cell-specific antibodies and complement were also used to prepare dendritic cells that were thoroughly depleted of monocytes and lymphocytes. The dendritic cells (70-80% pure) were potent stimulators of the allogeneic MLR, syngeneic MLR, and tetanus toxoid response, being active at stimulator to responder ratios of 1:100 or less. Taken together with previous studies (1, 2), these experiments indicate that the dendritic cell is the major stimulator of T cell replication in man. The contribution of class II products of the major histocompatibility complex (7) was then evaluated with a new monoclonal, 9.3F10. Accessory function was dramatically inhibited if cells bearing class II antigens were killed with 9.3F10 and complement, or if class II molecules were blocked by the addition of 9.3F10 Fab to the culture medium. The expression of 9.3F10 class II products was therefore studied on purified monocytes and dendritic cells. Most if not all cells in both populations reacted with 9.3F10, and each population exhibited approximately 150,000 125I-Fab 9.3F10 binding sites per cell. Since Ia+ dendritic cells are active accessory cells, but Ia+ monocytes are not, class II products are necessary but not sufficient for the stimulation of T cell proliferation in man.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗