Abnormal metabolic response to excess potassium in astrocytes from the Jimpy mouse, a convulsing neurological mutant.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Hertz.
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Oxygen uptake was measured in primary cultures of astrocytes from the brain hemispheres of newborn DBA mice by the aid of an oxygen electrode inserted directly into the culture flask, i.e. using the flask, completely filled with MEM medium, as the respirometer chamber. The respiration was initially intense (300 mumol per hr per 100 mg protein) but declined somewhat during the 6 hr of measurement, probably due to a depletion of intermediary metabolites released to the large surplus of medium. The respiratory rates were approximately identical in the presence of a CO2/bicarbonate and a HEPES buffer. Exposure to a high concentration of potassium led to a transient stimulation of the oxygen uptake to almost 100%, a response that was very easily observed using the present method. Since no mechanical damage was inflicted upon the cells, culturing could be continued, if so desired, after the measurement.
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Based upon the IOM report and the reaction it has already generated, as well as any new requirements that could emerge, we can expect to see increased pressure on health care to learn from its mistakes over the next few years. Clinical engineering professionals, who bring a breadth of experience and understanding in engineering, management and clinical principles to the table, have the ability to be an essential part of the team working to make the recommendations in the IOM report a reality. It is up to each of us to prepare ourselves to assume a prominent role within our hospitals as they tackle the challenge of reducing medical errors and improving patient safety.
This article outlines the essential elements of the priority assignment system used by the Clinical Engineering Department at Union Memorial Hospital. By using the department's experience and the professional judgment of its members, choices have been made to discriminate between types of equipment, and so to clearly establish the relative importance of the many different equipment inspections performed by department personnel. Relative priorities have been calculated and communicated to department employees and to others in the hospital who can help the department complete its assigned tasks. Measures have also been developed to show how well the department's actual performance meets its assigned overall objectives.
This article is based on the current draft of a new AAMI equipment management standard (AAMI EQ56). Until now, no documentation has clearly specified the requirements for an equipment management program. At the time of the writing of this article, a February 1996 Committee Draft of the new standard was out for ballot and public review. Comments will be reviewed at a meeting of the AAMI Patient-Care Equipment Management Committee in June 1996, in conjunction with the AAMI Annual Meeting, and the standard could be formalized as early as October 1996. Readers should keep in mind that, while the final standard may differ somewhat from the material presented here, the author of this article and BI&T's staff felt that the interest of a very large portion of the AAMI membership warranted an advance article describing the content and general direction of the document.