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Biomedical subjects

E Herman

Publications and source records attributed to E Herman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Manuals for ethnographic data collection: experience and issues.

The authors' experience in developing a manual based on ethnographic methods for collecting, analyzing and using information about the 'cultural context of diarrhea' is presented. The goal of the process outlined in the manual is to recommend programmatic strategies and educational messages that are likely to be effective in achieving the adoption of appropriate diarrhea case management behaviors by mothers. The implications of manuals of this type for the role of anthropologists, and for social science capacity building in developing country programs are discussed. While recognizing that this approach risks limiting the anthropologist's role to a technical one, the authors suggest that appropriate application of program specific manuals can encourage anthropological input into formulating program policies and strategies.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of intravenous contrast agents for CT studies in children.

One hundred and eighty children undergoing CT examination were randomly allocated to receive meglumine diatrizoate, iohexol, or iopamidol as their i.v. contrast agent. Minor side effects were detected in 85% of children receiving meglumine diatrizoate, in 18% of those receiving iohexol, and in 36% of those receiving iopamidol. Because many of these minor side effects cause patient motion or delay scanning after contrast medium injection, they potentially degrade image quality. These findings are an indication for the use of low osmolarity contrast agents for i.v. use in pediatric CT imaging.

Child↗
PubMed1991

[The role of Helicobacter pylori in the development of chronic gastritis and gastroduodenal ulcers].

To determine the correlation between Helicobacter pylori colonization of the gastric mucosa and the incidence of chronic gastritis as well as gastric and duodenal ulcer, 52 patients (26 women and 26 men) aged 19-77 years (mean 46 years) with gastrointestinal symptoms were studied. Biopsy specimens for histological and bacteriological examinations were taken during upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopies. Helicobacter pylori was found in 21 (40%) patients: 14 women and 7 men (p less than 0.05). The organisms were present more often in cases with chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer (p less than 0.05). They were not identified in any of 7 persons with normal histologic features (p less than 0.01). Helicobacter pylori was found on the gastric mucosa in 6 (75%) of 8 patients with duodenal ulcer but in none of 5 cases after partial gastrectomy with the methods of Billroth I or Billroth II (p less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Assessing diarrhoea-induced dehydration at the community level.

A community based study of children under 5 years of age in Nampula, Mozambique, assessed children with diarrhoea for the 12 signs and symptoms of dehydration listed in the World Health Organization's Diarrhoea Treatment Chart and for the additional indicators of observed thirst and reported fever. The point prevalence of diarrhoea was 13.1%. The signs and symptoms of dehydration reported by carers were compared with signs detected on physical examination at the time of the interview. The presence of four or more stools, a history of drinking either more or less than usual, and reported fever in the preceding 24 h had the highest sensitivities. Individual symptoms with the highest specificity were decreased urine output, vomiting, and the passing of 10 or more stools during the 24 h preceding the interview. The combination of fever or vomiting had a sensitivity of 68.3% and a specificity of 55.9%, whereas a combination of vomiting or drinking more than usual or fever had a sensitivity of 87.8% and a specificity of 34.1%. These findings are compared with the results of similar studies conducted in different clinical and cultural settings.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Cardiotoxic effects of the combined use of caffeine and isoproterenol in the minipig.

Beta agonists such as isoproterenol are widely used in the treatment of acute asthmatic attacks. It would not be unexpected that some patients receiving isoproterenol might have ingested caffeine as an over-the-counter drug or beverage. This study explores the possible interaction between these two drugs. Anesthetized minipigs were injected with 0.5 mg/kg caffeine iv followed by a 10-min infusion of 1 microgram/kg.min isoproterenol. Heart rate, EKG, respiration, and blood pressure were recorded continuously and the animals were sacrificed at 72 h. The two drugs in combination produced subtle changes in heart rate and blood pressure with significant alteration in the EKG tracing (premature ventricular contractions and extrasystoles). These changes persisted for 8 to 24 h. At autopsy both gross and microscopic lesions were noted in 10 of the 13 minipig hearts receiving the combination of drugs. This was not true of the six minipigs given only caffeine or the eight minipigs receiving only the infusion of isoproterenol. No changes in EKG tracings or pathologies were noted with caffeine and only two of eight animals infused with isoproterenol showed any lesions. Results indicate that doses of caffeine equivalent to that expected from drinking a cup of coffee appear to increase the toxicity of isoproterenol to a point that EKG changes and myocardial pathologies are observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of effects of quinidine and dihydroquinidine on canine heart.

Various cardiac effects of quinidine and dihydroquinidine were tested in isolated dog hearts and in vivo in dogs. No significant differences were found in the negative inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects. Dihydroquinidine was more potent than quinidine in decreasing coronary arterial pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Self-disclosure: an attributional perspective.

This experiment examined the effect of timing of an intimate disclosure and assignment of responsibility for the event disclosed on interpersonal attraction. Subjects were induced to interact with a confederate who in all cases revealed something quite personal about himself. The disclosure occurred either early or near the end of a 10-minute conversation. The confederate accepted responsibility for the event disclosed, did not mention responsibility, or assigned responsibility to external factors. Negative traits were assigned to the early disclosure, and he was liked significantly less than the late discloser. The results are explained in terms of differential attributions made to early and late disclosures. The results for the assignment of responsibility variable were surprising: The confederate who accepted responsibility for the event disclosed elicited more negative reactions than the confederate who blamed other factors or who did not mention responsibility. Some possible reasons for this unexpected finding are discussed.

Humans↗