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Biomedical subjects

E Heineman

Publications and source records attributed to E Heineman.

99 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

An evaluation of the parenteral magnesium load test in weanling rats.

The parenteral magnesium (Mg) load test has reliably identified rats fed two extremes of dietary Mg, but tests of intermediate levels have not been found. The present study was designed to learn: 1) whether the parenteral Mg load test reflects a series of different dietary levels of Mg, rather than just the extremes; 2) what relationship exists between Mg retention and Mg in plasma and in bone at the different dietary levels of Mg; and 3) how the different dietary levels of Mg affect weight gain. Weanling rats were fed six levels of dietary Mg ranging from 0 to 150 mg/100 g purified diet. A negative relationship was found between retention of the Mg load and the level of dietary Mg. Mg retention decreased linearly with increases in plasma Mg and bone Mg. Weight gain was an insensitive index of dietary Mg. The parenteral Mg load test appears to be an acceptable means of indirectly assessing Mg stores in weanling rats with normal renal and cardiovascular status and normal water balance.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Modification of allograft survival in rats by blood transfusion to the donor.

In the BN/Ro-to-WAG/Ro rat donor-host combination, third-party blood transfusions given to the donor shortly before transplantation can markedly influence heart allograft survival if the immune response of the recipient has been modulated. The WAG recipients were either transfused with BN donor blood, which leads to a permanent graft survival, or postoperatively treated with a single i.m. injection of 15 mg/kg cyclosporine, which leads to a moderate prolongation of graft survival. In the transfused recipients, blood transfusions to the donor had a detrimental influence on graft survival. In the cyclosporine-treated recipients, blood transfusions to the donor had a beneficial effect. There was no significant difference in graft survival after a single transfusion or multiple transfusions to the donor. Recipient-type blood transfusion to the donor did not influence graft survival, nor did irradiated third-party blood or third-party erythrocytes. However, third-party leukocyte suspensions had a significant influence on heart allograft survival. It is concluded that third-party viable leukocytes are responsible for the induction of the donor transfusion phenomenon. It is also postulated that the third-party leukocytes interact with the dendritic cell population of the graft, leading to a reduction in its immunogenicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Tuberculosis case-finding in Eastern Nepal.

Two methods of case-finding used in Eastern Nepal have been compared. The differences in terms of outcome and patient compliance in one district have been examined in detail and compared with results in 4 other neighbouring districts. The 2 methods compared were active case-finding (ACF) carried out by mobile teams and self referral (SR) of patients to the existing services. The results can be summarised thus: 1 In a district with established tuberculosis services an active case-finding campaign revealed patients that had not presented for treatment of their own accord. 2 These patients tended to be older than self-referred patients and there was a higher proportion of women. 3 ACF patients defaulted from treatment more than SR patients and older women were more likely to default than older men. 4 Proximity to a health facility or treatment at a health post (HP) did not decrease the proportion defaulting in the ACF group but both these factors positively influenced the default rate in SR patients. 5 Over 90% of ACF patients had their first period of default within 6 months of starting treatment and if they returned they were more likely than SR patients to default again. 6 The number of ACF patients completing 1 year's treatment with sputum conversion was significantly lower than SR patients in this and 3 other districts. 7 In a district where no separate tuberculosis services existed the cure rate among ACF patients was significantly lower than in 4 districts where separate services had been established.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Towards understanding the process of intestinal adaptation.

When bowel is lost due to disease or surgery, the residual bowel increases its functional capacity in order to compensate for the loss of absorptive capacity. The success and extent of this adaptive process is critical to recovery. This article reviews the current understanding of the intestinal adaptation. Adaptation is a complex process which as yet is poorly understood and thus it is difficult to develop strategies to enhance the out-come of the adaptation phase. Extensive loss of bowel brings about functional as well as morphologic changes in the remaining intestine. The exact relationship between histologic changes and function is still unknown and some studies show that histologic changes may precede functional changes. Both nonnutritive and nutritive factors have been identified as major stimuli to the adaptive process. The importance of oral intake as a positive stimulus has been demonstrated and the role of diet composition rather than diet complexity being recognized. Recent studies attempt to understand the molecular basis of intestinal adaptation by seeking to characterize the nature of humoral factors involved and to establish alterations in the patterns of gene expression. These new approaches may facilitate the identification of both nutritional and pharmacological methods to manipulate the intestinal adaptation process.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The importance of non-heart-beating donor kidneys in reducing the organ shortage.

For over two decades kidney transplantation has been the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease. Better immunosuppressive drugs with less side effects, superior infection control and sensitive methods detecting rejection episodes in an early phase are to be credited for these transplantation results. Besides improving quality of life of the recipient, kidney transplantation compared to dialysis is cost-effective.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗