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Biomedical subjects

E Hayashi

Publications and source records attributed to E Hayashi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[A case of sarcoidosis with simultaneous involvement of the lower brainstem and the whole cervical cord and the extraocular muscles].

We report a 63-year-old woman with sarcoidosis which involved the spinal cord, lower brainstem and extraocular muscules simultaneously. In this patient, uveitis developed in 1991 and the skin lesion in 1992. A biopsy of the skin lesion showed changes consistent with sarcoidosis. The ocular and dermal symptoms improved with oral corticosteroid. In October 1997, she noted the left blepharoptosis and numbness of the hands. The MRI showed diffuse swelling of the lower brainstem and the cervical and upper thoracic cord. These lesions showed high intensity signal on T2WI and low intensity signal on T1WI. T1WI with contrast enhancement revealed localized enhancement within the spinal lesion at the C4/5 level. The ocular MRI showed swelling of the left superior rectus muscle and upper levator palpebral muscle. The steroid pulse therapy and subsequent oral administration of prednisolone markedly improved the clinical symptoms. MRI after treatment showed marked improvement of both the spinal cord and ocular muscle lesions. To our knowledge, the simultaneous occurrence of myelopathy and symptomatic extraocular musculopathy in the condition has not been reported previously.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed2000

Effect of melatonin on sleep-wake rhythm: the sleep diary of an autistic male.

This study reports on melatonin treatment in autism. A 14-year-old autistic male with severe mental retardation was given melatonin at a dose of 6 mg at 9:00 pm (C1) or 11:00 pm (C2). His parents kept a sleep diary. In C1, he often experienced early morning waking and fragmented night sleep but in C2, night sleep was prolonged and sleep-wake rhythm was improved. Suitable medication time, therefore, improved the sleep-wake rhythm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Comparative evaluation of Tc-99m MIBI and Tl-201 chloride SPECT in non-small-cell lung cancer mediastinal lymph node metastases.

PURPOSE: To compare the utility of Tc-99m MIBI SPECT and Tl-201 chloride SPECT for presurgical assessment of lung cancer mediastinal lymph node metastases. METHODS: Forty-one patients with non-small-cell lung cancer underwent dual-isotope imaging with Tl-201 chloride and Tc-99m MIBI and were evaluated for mediastinal lymph node involvement. RESULTS: The sensitivity rates of early and delayed Tc-99m MIBI SPECT and of early and delayed Tl-201 chloride SPECT for detecting mediastinal nodal metastases were 69%, 69%, 92%, and 92%, respectively. The corresponding specificity rates were 96%, 96%, 93%, and 96%. CONCLUSION: Tl-201 chloride SPECT is superior to Tc-99m MIBI SPECT when used to detect mediastinal lymph node metastases in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Comparative study of Tc-99m MIBI and TI-201 SPECT in predicting chemotherapeutic response in non-small-cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE: Tc-99m MIBI can be excluded from cytosol against its concentration gradient as a suitable transport substrate by P-glycoprotein. Tc-99m MIBI has also been shown to be more effective than TI-201 chloride for evaluating the response to chemotherapy in patients with small-cell lung cancer. The relation between Tc-99m MIBI accumulation by the tumor and its response to chemotherapy were evaluated in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and compared with the same parameters achieved using TI-201 chloride. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with NSCLC were examined before chemotherapy was begun. They were classified according to the results of a follow-up computed tomogram into two groups: responders were patients in whom there was a > or =50% decrease and nonresponders were patients in whom there was a <50% decrease in the sum of the product of the maximum perpendicular diameters of all measurable lesions. All patients underwent dual-isotope imaging with TI-201 chloride and Tc-99m MIBI just before chemotherapy. Regions of interest were placed over the tumor uptake (T) and contralateral normal lung tissue (N) areas on one coronal view with a clearly defined lesion, and the T:N ratio and retention index were calculated. RESULTS: The delayed T:N ratio and retention index for Tc-99m MIBI in the responder group were significantly greater (P<0.05) than those in the nonresponder group. There was no significant correlation between the T:N ratio and retention index and tumor response using TI-201 chloride. CONCLUSION: Tc-99m MIBI SPECT may be more effective than TI-201 chloride SPECT for evaluating the response to chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Pharmacological effects of pilocarpine on rabbit ciliary artery.

PURPOSE: A disturbance in ocular blood flow is an important factor in the pathogenesis of visual damage caused by glaucoma. We investigated the innervation of the ciliary artery, important to blood flow in the optic nerve head, and the effects of pilocarpine thereon. METHODS: Ciliary arteries were prepared from rabbit eyes and mounted in a myograph system. The effects of electrical nerve stimulation and pilocarpine on the isolated rabbit ciliary artery were investigated using isometric tension recording methods. RESULTS: Electrical field stimulation evoked contraction of the ciliary artery, which was inhibited by pretreatment with 10 microM bunazosin. Electrical field stimulation also evoked relaxation when the ciliary artery was pre-contracted by 10 microM histamine in the presence or absence of endothelium. This relaxation was inhibited by pretreatment with 10 microM N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME). Pilocarpine administration produced a dose-dependent muscle relaxation that was abolished by treatment with L-NAME, 1 aeM atropine, or denudation of the endothelium. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that the rabbit ciliary artery is innervated by at least two different types of nerves, adrenergic nerves, which evoke contraction and nerve fibers that cause an endothelium-independent release of nitric oxide (NO). Pilocarpine relaxation of this muscle was dependent on the endothelium and NO synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[A case of G-CSF-producing large cell carcinoma of the lung with gastric metastasis].

We report a rare surgically-treated case of G-CSF-producing large cell carcinoma of the lung with gastric metastasis. A 65-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of fever, anemia and epigastralgia. Chest X-ray examination and CT scanning revealed a round mass shadow (8 cm) in contact with the chest wall in the right upper lung field and metastasis to the mediastinal lymph nodes. Laboratory examination showed a WBC of 16,800/mm3, CRP of 11.6 mg/dl, and a serum G-CSF of 90 pg/ml. Upper gastrointestinal series and gastroscopy showed an ulcerating submucosal tumorous lesion in the pyloric antrum. The lung carcinoma was treated by right upper lobectomy with chest wall resection. After 1 month, gastrectomy was performed. After the operation, the WBC normalized, and the CRP and serum G-CSF levels decreased. Histopathological examination demonstrated a poorly differentiated large cell carcinoma in the lung and a metastatic lesion in the stomach. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-G-CSF mono-clonal antibody showed negative results in the lung but positive results in the stomach. He was discharged 3 weeks after gastrectomy but died of aggravation of the general condition associated with local recurrence in the chest wall 2 months after discharge.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Synthetic studies on glycosphingolipids from the parasite Echinococcus multilocularis.

Novel neutral glycosphingolipids isolated from the metacestodes of Echinococcus multilocularis by Persat, may be expected to be involved in host-parasite interactions. We have synthesized these glycosphingolipid analogues containing 2-branched fatty alkyl residues in place of ceramide. The glycosylation of galactosyl donors 4 and 5 with each of the acceptors 2 and 11 in the presence of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS)/TfOH, and the glycosylation of fucosyl donor 13 with acceptors 12 and 20 in the presence of dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium triflate (DMTST) gave the desired oligosaccharide derivatives at good yield. The fully per-O-acylated 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl glycosides 6, 15, 21, and 26 were converted to glycosylimidates 7, 16, 22, and 27, which were condensed with 2-(tetradecyl)hexadecanol and subsequently deacylated give four target glycosphingolipid analogues.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effects of beta antagonists on mechanical properties in rabbit ciliary artery.

BACKGROUND: We set out to clarify the mechanisms involved in the effectiveness of beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists on the ocular circulation. METHODS: The effects of three beta antagonists, timolol, betaxolol and carteolol, on the isolated rabbit ciliary artery were investigated in vitro using isometric tension recording methods. RESULTS: Phenylephrine dose-dependently contracted ciliary artery smooth muscle, and bunazosin (1 microM) shifted this dose-response curve to the right. Isoproterenol, on the other hand, had no effect up to the concentration of 1 mM. Betaxolol and timolol had no effect on the ciliary artery. However, carteolol dose-dependently contracted this muscle from a concentration of 1 microM. After precontraction by excess-[K]0 solutions, application of betaxolol or timolol dose-dependently provoked relaxation; the minimum concentration of betaxolol or timolol required to generate the relaxation was 100 microM and 300 microM, respectively. Carteolol did not generate relaxation at concentrations up to 1 mM. After pretreatment with L-NAME (300 microM), the amplitude of relaxation induced by 10 microM carbachol was reduced to 33.0+/-20.2%, while betaxolol- or timolol-induced relaxation was unchanged. Diltiazem (10 microM) induced relaxation which was not inhibited by pretreatment with L-NAME. CONCLUSION: Betaxolol and timolol could directly relax rabbit ciliary artery in vitro at relatively high concentrations, and relaxation was not due to NO released from the preparation. Presumably, this relaxation occurs through action similar to Ca antagonists. However, the clinical importance of this effect is not yet clear. Carteolol had no relaxant effect in vitro.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1999

Disappearance of serum HCV-RNA after short-term prednisolone therapy in a patient with chronic hepatitis C associated with autoimmune hepatitis-like serological manifestations.

We report a 70-year-old woman with chronic hepatitis C associated with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)-like serological manifestations, in whom elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was observed after corticosteroid treatment. The patient was infected with HCV, genotype Ib, but had several laboratory findings, such as markedly elevated serum gamma-globulin and IgG, characteristic of AIH, as well as a high titer of an anti-nuclear antibody. An ultrasound (US)-guided liver biopsy disclosed chronic active hepatitis F3. Corticosteroid worsened her liver function test results and raised amounts of HCV-RNA in the serum. Withdrawal of the corticosteroid led to prompt normalization of transaminase levels and the disappearance of serum HCV-RNA, determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For 4 years, up to the time of this study, her transaminase values have been normal and HCV viremia was not detected by repeated RT-PCR. We believe this to be the first reported case in which eradication of HCV was achieved by corticosteroid therapy alone, without the introduction of interferon.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Effects of an anti-angiogenic agent, TNP-470, on the growth of oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Anti-tumor effects of an anti-angiogenic agent, TNP-470, on the growth of oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. The growth of an oral SCC cell line, HSC-2, inoculated subcutaneously in severe combined immuno-deficiency (SCID) mice was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the treatment with this agent. A reduction of microvessels surrounding tumor tissues treated with TNP-470 was observed by immunohistochemistry. Significant side-effects were not observed except for weight loss during the period of treatment with high dose (50 mg/kg) of TNP-470. The direct effects of TNP-470 on oral SCC cell lines were also evaluated in culture. The growth of all eight SCC cell lines tested was inhibited by TNP-470, but the sensitivity of the oral SCC cell lines to TNP-470 was about 1700 times less than that of endothelial cells. These results suggest that TNP-470 inhibits the growth of oral SCC by anti-angiogenic activities and that it may be effective as a new therapy of oral cancer.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMed1999

Expression of E-cadherin in oral cancer cell lines and its relationship to invasiveness in SCID mice in vivo.

We examined the expression of E-cadherin in nine oral cancer cell lines. HSC-4, NA, ZA, HOC927 and Ca9-22 cells strongly expressed E-cadherin [E-CD(++) cell line] and HSC-2 and HSC-3 cells weakly expressed E-cadherin [E-CD(+) cell line]. All the cell lines that expressed E-cadherin were of cuboidal morphology and formed cobblestone colonies. In contrast, TSU and HOC313 cells had spindle shapes, formed dispersed colonies, and were completely negative for E-cadherin [E-CD(-) cell line]. Moreover, all cell lines that expressed E-cadherin showed tumorgenicity in SCID mice, but E-CD(-) cell lines did not show tumorgenicity. The tumors derived from E-CD(+) cell lines invaded deeper into the connective tissues than those from E-CD(++) cell lines. In immunohistochemical analysis, the difference was more marked at the edges of the cancer nests. These results suggest that E-cadherin expression was relevant to the cell forms and the differential grade of cultured cells and that reduced E-cadherin in oral cancer may be associated with invasiveness in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Initiation of ectopic epithelial calcification in a calcifying odontogenic cyst.

Ultrastructural observation was performed on a calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) associated with an odontoma and arising in the right mandibular region of an 8-year-old Japanese boy. Four types of cells were identified in the epithelial layer of the COC. The basal cells were low columnar in shape and contained some intracellular organelles. They were attached to the neighboring cells with a few desmosomes and resembled inner enamel epithelium of the normal enamel organ. The stellate reticulum-like cells, polygonal in shape, possessed desmosomes and many cytoplasmic projections. Some intracellular organelles and a few bundles of tonofilaments were observed in the cytoplasm. The light oval cells that were pale staining with toluidine blue contained dilated membranous organelles and many relatively evenly distributed tonofilaments. These cells were usually scattered in the vicinity of the focal accumulations of ghost cells, and the cell membrane was discontinuous in parts. The ghost cells contained many bundles of tonofilaments that were 60-240 nm in diameter and arranged in various directions. No intact intracellular organelles were noted in the cytoplasm. They were attached to the neighboring ghost cells with some desmosomes and their cell membrane was discontinuous in parts. A variety of vesicles, 90-450 nm in diameter, were scattered among the tonofilament bundles. Some of these contained needle-like crystals that were considered to be initial calcification sites in ghost cells. These vesicles presented morphological similarities to matrix vesicles, and it is therefore suggested that matrix vesicle-like structures are deeply involved with initiation of calcification of ghost cells in COC.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1999

[Stent intubation for the airway stenosis under PCPS].

Placement of stents for the tracheal or carinal stenosis have a meaning of maintaining the airway. Failure of the stenting causes death. In cases of severe airway stenosis and low pulmonary function, the pulmonary support method should be performed instead of intubation and mechanical ventilation. Generally, PCPS (percutaneous cardio-pulmonary support system) is used as a pulmonary support. This method was very useful to place stents for airway stenosis. We concluded that PCPS was useful in emergency cases, and in cases of severe fixed type airway stenosis and low pulmonary function it had be on stand-by.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed1998

Aneurysmal rupture of the pancreaticoduodenal artery successfully treated by transcatheter arterial embolization.

We report a case of aneurysmal rupture of the pancreaticoduodenal artery successfully treated by transcatheter arterial embolization. A 61-year-old man with a history of hypertension underwent surgery at our hospital in November 1995 for local peritonitis caused by perforation of the sigmoid colon secondary to cancer. On the 9th postoperative day, he developed shock, with complaints of epigastric and back pain. Abdominal computed tomography showed an enhanced mass, thought to be a peripancreatic aneurysm. Emergency angiography demonstrated an aneurysm arising from the arcade of the anterior pancreaticoduodenal artery. After diagnostic angiography, transcatheter arterial embolization was performed. With steel coils, the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery were embolized near the origin of the aneurysm. Angiography 7 weeks later revealed no recanalization of the aneurysm and the absence of anomalous collateral vessels. The patient has been well for 19 months without re-bleeding or recurrence of sigmoid colon cancer. Transcatheter arterial embolization is an effective therapeutic approach for aneurysm of the pancreaticoduodenal artery and is the preferred initial treatment.

Aneurysm, Ruptured↗
PubMed1998

[Use of amantadine for influenza A encephalopathy].

Recent experience in Japan has suggested that influenza A encephalopathy may occur more frequently than generally appreciated and may have a grave prognosis. Influenza A encephalopathy has been managed to date only with supportive measures, because the efficacy of anti-viral therapy for encephalopathy has not efficacy of anti-viral therapy for encephalopathy has not yet been documented. During the period from January 1996 to February 1998, we treated two cases of influenza A encephalopathy with amantadine (6 mg/kg/day, p.o., for 7 days). Both became status epileptics and had loss of consciousness within 24 hours after the onset of illness. They recovered without sequelae and had no side effects from amantadine treatment. Amantadine may be useful in the treatment of influenza A encephalopathy.

Amantadine↗
PubMed1998

Preoperative diagnosis with video-assisted thoracoscopy with miniaturized endoscopes in general thoracic surgery: a preliminary study.

Video-assisted thoracoscopy using a miniaturized endoscope (mini-VAT) was applied for preoperative diagnosis in general thoracic surgery. Thirty-one patients, including 27 with indeterminate pulmonary nodule and 4 with suspected pleural involvement of lung cancer or metastatic pleural tumor, underwent mini-VAT. As a pilot study, 14 of the former 27 patients underwent mini-VAT while receiving general anesthesia. As a prospective study, all the remaining 17 patients underwent mini-VAT while receiving local anesthesia. Solid scopes of three different sizes, 0.9, 1.9, or 4.0 mm diameter, were used. An artificial pneumothorax for scope introduction was produced by needle thoracentesis under atmospheric pressure. Automatic cutting needle biopsy was used for tissue sampling. In the pilot study group, mini-VAT with a 4.0-mm scope provided excellent visibility and diagnostic sensitivity of 100%. This study group showed the diagnostic sensitivity of needle biopsy for pulmonary nodule to be 100%. Hemorrhages and air leaks at biopsy sites were sealed with blood coagulation in a short time. In the prospective study group, mini-VAT with a 4.0-mm scope with the patients receiving local anesthesia provided a diagnostic sensitivity of 91% for pulmonary nodule and a diagnostic accuracy of 100% for suspected pleural involvement. Causes of failure of mini-VAT with the use of local anesthesia were cough reflex during needle biopsy and incomplete lung collapse for deeply located target in two cases. The adverse effects of the mini-VAT were paradoxical respiration in two cases in which local anesthesia was used. The patients who received only local anesthesia required no chest tube drainage. Mini-VAT is a simple, minimally invasive procedure suitable as a preoperative examination technique for histologic diagnosis, evaluation of disease progression, and selection of strategy in thoracic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Primary clear cell carcinoma of the lung: report of an operative case].

The patient was a 75-year-old man complaining of cough in July 1996. Chest X-ray demonstrated a tumor in the left S6. Percutaneous lung biopsy specimen revealed lung cancer. On September 4, 1996, left lobectomy (R 2 a) was performed. The tumor was 3.8 x 3.2 x 2.1 cm in size and showed a white yellow solid mass (pT2N0M0, pStage I, p1d0e0pm0). The pathological examination was confirmed no differentiation in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. More than 90% of the tumor cells were characterized as having large clear cytoplasm. On immunohistochemical study, the tumor cells expressed positive with EMA, CEA, cytokeratin and negative with vimentin. The postoperative findings showed no presence of renal cell carcinoma. As the result, a diagnosis of primary clear cell carcinoma of the lung was made. The postoperative course is uneventful.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗