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Biomedical subjects

E Havránek

Publications and source records attributed to E Havránek.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

[Separation of dimetinden enantiomers in drugs by means of capillary isotachophoresis].

Capillary isotachophoresis was employed to separate and determine dimethinden enantiomers in various dosage forms. Several types of chiral selectors were tested in various electrolyte systems of different composition and different pH. The optimal leading electrolyte was composed of 10 mmol/l potassium acetate and acetic acid to achieve pH 4.8 with an addition of 4 mmol/l carboxyethyl-beta-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector and 0.2% of methylhydroxyethylcellulose (m-HEC) to suppress the electroosmotic flow. The terminating electrolyte was betaalanine of a concentration of 5 mmol/l. The evaluation included the precision, correctness, linearity, robustness, and selectivity of the elaborated ITP method. The pretreatment of the sample prior to analysis consisted in the dissolution and dilution of the appropriate dimethinden-containing dosage form with demineralized water to achieve the required concentration. Such a pretreated sample was directly dosed into the apparatus.

Dimethindene↗

[Analysis of zinc- and copper-containing tablets in multicomponent mineral nutritional preparations].

The aim of this study was to elaborate and optimize the working conditions for the identification and determination of zinc and copper present in the multicomponent mineral preparations Zinok Walmark and TrikrátSedem FeCuZn by a modern electrochemical analytical method--galvanostatic stripping chronopotentiometry, and a nuclear analytical method--X-ray fluorescence analysis. The proposed analytical methods were compared with each other and the obtained results concerning the quantity of determined elements were in good agreement.

Copper↗

[Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence as an alternative method to pharmacopeial tests for heavy metals].

Pharmacopeial tests for heavy metals require comparisons between test solution's colour after addition of thioacetamide and a control solution containing a known quantity of Pb. As this test neither informs about the type of heavy metals, nor about the concentrations of each of them, there is a reason for more frequent employment of instrumental methods such as AAS and AES, as well as ICP, NAA, and X-ray fluorescence. These methods provide us with quick and exact elemental analyses of impurities, thus becoming more and more important in the quality control of drugs and medicinal plants.

Metals, Heavy↗

Determination of promethazine hydrochloride in pharmaceuticals by capillary isotachophoresis.

Capillary isotachophoresis (ITP) in cationic regime of the separation with conductometric detection has been used for the separation and determination of promethazine hydrochloride (PRO) in commercial mass-produced pharmaceutical preparations. Several electrolyte systems of different compositions and pH were examined and the optimized ITP electrolyte system consisted of 10 mmol/l of potassium acetate adjusted to pH 4.8 with acetic acid as the leading electrolyte with electroosmotic flow (EOF) suppressing additive, 0.2% (w/v) methylhydroxyethylcellulose (m-HEC), and 5 mmol/l of beta-alanine as the terminating electrolyte. The proposed electrophoretic method was successfully validated. It was convenient for the sensitive, simple, rapid, and highly reproducible assay of promethazine. The calibration graph relating the ITP zone length to concentration of the analyte was rectilinear in the range of 40-200 mg/l of the drug standard, with a coefficient of determination r(2)=0.9992. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.12% (n=6) when determining 100 mg/l of PRO in standard sample. Good quantitation was obtained in short analysis time (a single analysis took 6 min). The recoveries of drug from samples were found to be 97.22% (tablets), 99.72% (injections), and 99.14% (syrup). The minimal sample pretreatment and low running cost make the proposed ITP method a good alternative to commonly used analytical methods.

Electrophoresis, Capillary↗

[Use of capillary isotachophoresis for the determination of pheniramine in granulated powders].

The method of capillary isotachophoresis was used to assay pheniramine in granulated powders. Several electrolyte systems of different composition and different pH were tested. Two electrolyte systems were selected for the validation of the method and pheniramine determination in real samples. Precision, accuracy, linearity, robustness, and selectivity of the ITP method for both electrolyte systems were evaluated. The pre-treatment of samples prior to analysis consisted in dissolving pheniramine-containing granulated powder in demineralized water and subsequent diluting with demineralized water to required concentration.

Anti-Allergic Agents↗

[Dimethindene determination in various dosage forms by means of capillary isotachophoresis].

Capillary isotachophoresis was employed to determine dimethindene in various dosage forms. Several electrolyte systems of varying compositions and varying pH were tested. For validation of the method and the determination of dimethindene in real samples (gel, drops, capsules), two electrolyte systems were selected. Precision, correctness, linearity, robustness, and selectivity of the ITP method were evaluated for both electrolyte systems. The pre-treatment of the sample prior to analysis consisted in dissolving and diluting the pertinent dosage form containing dimethindene with demineralized water to the required concentration. The sample adjusted in this way was directly dosed into the apparatus.

Dimethindene↗

[Isotachophoretic determination of desloratadine in tablets and syrup].

Desloratadine was determined in two dosage forms (tablets and syrup) with the use of the method of capillary isotachophoresis. Several electrolyte systems of varying composition and varying pH were tested. Two electrolyte systems were selected for the validation of the method and determination of desloratadine in real samples. In both electrolyte systems, the precision, correctness, linearity, robustness, and selectivity of the ITP method were evaluated. The pre-treatment of the sample prior to analysis consisted in dissolving and diluting the pertinent desloratadine-containing dosage form with demineralized water to the required concentration. This pre-treated sample was fed directly to the apparatus.

Electrophoresis↗

[Simultaneous isotachophoresis determination of dioxopromethazine and phenylephrine in eye drops].

Dioxopromethazine and phenylephrine were determined simultaneously in eye drops using the method of capillary isotachophoresis. Two electrolyte systems with different compositions and pH were examined. Prior to analysis, the eye drops are diluted with water in a ratio 1:50. Precision, correctness, linearity, robustness, and selectivity of the ITP method were evaluated for both electrolyte systems.

Drug Combinations↗

Capillary zone electrophoresis determination of loratadine in tablets.

A capillary electrophoretic method was developed for the determination of loratadine in pharmaceutical formulations. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separation and UV absorbance photometric detection were carried out in a 160 mm capillary tube with a 300 microm internal diameter, hydrodynamically (membrane) closed. The influences of pH, carrier cation and counter ion on the migration parameters of loratadine were studied and the following conditions were selected: 24 mmol/l glycine as a carrier cation, 1.6 mmol/l citric acid and 84 mmol/l acetic acid as counter ions at pH 3.2, 100 microA and 25 degrees C. The proposed electrophoretic method was successfully validated. It was convenient for the sensitive, simple, rapid and highly reproducible assay of loratadine. The determination of loratadine in tablet forms was demonstrated as an application of the method. CZE analysis was completed within 6 min. The detection limit of loratadine was 1.96 micro/mol/l at a 240 nm detection wavelength and the relative standard deviation for its determination was 0.6% for migration time and 1.1% for peak area. CZE in a hydrodynamically closed separation system, used for the first time for the analysis of loratadine, should also be convenient for complex biological sample applications, as it is easily combinable online with the purification CE modes (e.g. ITP).

Anti-Allergic Agents↗

[A study of the stability of dioxopromethazine in aqueous solutions and ophthalmic instillation].

Dioxopromethazine began to be used in therapy as a modern antihistamine agent in the 1970s. A dioxopromethazine-containing ophthalmic instillation and a gel were employed until the end of the 1990s. The paper deals with the examination of the stability of the drug dioxopromethazine in aqueous solutions and the ophthalmic instillation Promefrin stored under different conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometrical and electrochemical detection and HPLC connected on-line with mass spectrometry were employed for analysis. Dioxopromethazine in aqueous solutions and in ophthalmic instillations stored in direct sunlight was found not to be stable. However, the cover of the ophthalmic instillation, a brown-glass prescription bottle, and observation of storing conditions sufficiently protect the active ingredient from decomposition processes.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗

[Validation of an HPLC method for the analysis of decomposition products in injectable diazepam].

Diazepam is an important drug from the group of benzodiazepines, used in clinical practice for its sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsive, myorelaxant, and primarily anxiolytic effects. Several kinetic studies have been published which show that diazepam is a drug sensitive to hydrolysis both in acid and alkaline media. The present study aimed to elaborate and validate a simple and rapid HPLC/UV method for simultaneous analysis of three decomposition products of diazepam in the presence of diazepam and to apply it also on the control of stability of the injectional solution of diazepam. The optimization of chromatographic conditions resulted in the use of the high-performance chromatographic column Zorbax ODS, the mobile phase represented by a mixture of acetonitrile/water in a ratio of 60/40 (w/w, %), flow rate 1.5 ml/min, and spectrophotometric detection at 242 nm. The elaborated method and the employed chromatographic system were successfully validated and they can be used in practice in the control of stability of injection solution of diazepam.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

[Use of chelating extraction membranes for the identification and determination of heavy metals using radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis].

The paper aimed to identify and assay the selected elements Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb in the teas Agrimony (both in infusion bags and loose leaves), Pigi Tea, and Green Tea with added jasmine, both in the original raw teas and their infusions. The utility and usability of the chelating extraction membranes Empore, which were employed to process the liquid samples (infusions), were verified. The evaluation of the composition of the content was carried out by means of radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis, which is suitable for the identification and determination of samples with Z>18. Ash content was assayed as well. The contents of the heavy metals under study did not exceed the limits required by the standard.

Membranes, Artificial↗

Capillary isotachophoresis of cystine in urine with on-line isotachophoresis sample pretreatment.

Capillary isotachophoresis (ITP) with on-line isotachophoresis sample pretreatment and conductivity detection has been proposed as a method for the separation, detection and determination of cystine present in urine. Sample pretreatment was achieved using a 90 mm FEP capillary tube with a 800 microm internal diameter. ITP separations and conductivity detection were carried out in a 160 mm capillary tube with a 300 microm internal diameter, filled with a hydrochloric acid leading electrolyte and glycine terminating electrolyte, at 50 microA and 25 degrees C. The results show that the proposed method is suitable for resolution of cystine from matrix interferents present in the urine samples and is able to detect it at 10(-4) mol/l concentrations by a universal detection technique after removal of a significant part of the anionic constituents of the sample migrating in the on-line coupled capillary isotachophoresis stack. This simple ITP procedure for monitoring cystine in urine samples requires no sample preparation. This makes it an alternative to the currently used procedures.

Adult↗

[Modern HPLC in drug analysis].

High performance liquid chromatography found wide-spread utilization almost in all fields of pharmaceutical analysis since the 1980s. The article summarizes the new knowledge and interesting findings about HPLC used in the analysis of drugs during the last three years with a supplement of particular applications in pharmaceutical analysis.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

[Use of radionuclide x-ray fluorescence analysis in pharmacy practice--determination of levels of elements in pharmaceutic aids].

X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) has been employed for the identification and determination of elements with Z > 18. In pharmacy, it can be used to determine the content of elements in drugs and pharmaceutical auxiliary substances. The method makes it possible to distinguish heavy metals in the tests of purity of drugs. It can also be used to verify the origin of the raw material or drug on the basis of its elemental composition. The present paper is concerned with the preparation of samples of pharmaceutical auxiliary substances for the determination of the content of the elements Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb by the XRF method with the use of a radionuclide source of 238Pu. For the determination of the content of elements, three kinds of standards were prepared aiming to remove the effect of absorption properties of the sample. The results with statistical evaluations of precision of measurement are tabulated. The study carried out an analysis of 7 samples of fillers, 3 samples of gelatine, 2 samples of SILOXID, and 1 sample of AEROSIL.

Metals, Heavy↗

[Validation of the HPLC method in the determination of dioxopromethazine and phenylephrine in eye drops].

The present paper introduces a rapid HPLC method for the determination of dioxopromethazine and phenylephrine in eye drops. The method uses a modified C18 stationary phase optimized for the separation of basic compounds and a methanol/1.5 mM phosphoric acid (60/40 v/v, pH 3.02) mobile phase. The flow rate is set to 2 ml/min, sample volume 20 microliters, and compounds are detected at 275 nm. Prior to analysis, the eye drops are diluted with water in a ratio of 1:50. The elaborated HPLC method and the chromatographic system were validated according to the procedure for the validation of chromatographic systems and methods.

Anti-Allergic Agents↗