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Biomedical subjects

E Haus

Publications and source records attributed to E Haus.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Circadian rhythm in plasma immunoreactive somatomedin-C in children.

Fifteen boys and 27 girls, 11 +/- 2 years of age were studied over a single 24-hour span during the month of June. Statistically significant circadian rhythms of plasma immunoreactive somatomedin-C (SM-C) concentration, immunoreactive growth hormone (hGH) and cortisol concentration were found, which show marked differences in timing. The highest values of somatomedin-C occurred in the early evening hours (acrophase 19:08) in contrast to growth hormone which showed its peak values during the night and cortisol, which peaked in the morning hours. These observations are of interest for the physiologic regulation of somatomedin-C as well as for the clinical evaluation of plasma immunoreactive somatomedin-C concentrations, and for studies of the response of somatomedin-C to hormonal and/or pharmacologic manipulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differences in the circadian rhythm parameters of urinary free epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine between children and elderly subjects.

The circadian rhythm in the urinary excretion of free epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine was studied in 60 elderly men and 83 women, 77 +/- 8 years of age, in a total of 260 24-hour profiles and in 63 boys and 81 girls, 11 +/- 1.5 years of age, in 144 24-hour profiles. The circadian mesor of all these compounds was increased in the children over that in the elderly subjects while the acrophase remained unchanged in spite of a phase shift of the acrophase of the urine excretion of the elderly in the night hours. The differences in functional state of the sympathetic and adreno-medullary function (and/or response) between children and elderly subjects may have clinical implications.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronochemotherapy: L 1210 leukemia and beyond.

In cancer and other therapeutic research, an interpretation of median survival times can and should take cure into account. With this qualification, an analysis of recently published data provides further statistically significant evidence in favor of cancer chronotherapy as compared to homeostatic therapy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toward a chronopsy: part II. A thermopsy revealing asymmetrical circadian variation in surface temperature of human female breasts and related studies.

A thermorhythmometric analysis was carried out on data from a patient who underwent a prophylactic subcutaneous mastectomy, subsequently to a preoperative mammogram revealing clustered small calcifications in the left breast. The patient self-measured surface temperature of each breast, above and below the nipple, at intervals of 75 +/- 10 min for 59 h while awake. In one location of each breast, the recording thermistor-probe was insulated for 21.5 h while other probe locations remained uninsulated. The overall rhythm-adjusted average surface temperature and the extent of predictable circadian variation differed with statistical significance when the two breasts were compared. The left breast exhibited a higher rhythm-adjusted mean temperature and a lower extent of predictable circadian variation, as compared to the contralateral breast. The interbreast differences of surface temperature also demonstrated a statistically significant rhythm. A review on results of rhythmometry of breast temperature was also carried out. The thermorhythmometric findings here reported must not necessarily be regarded as indicative of cancer; they may be found in non-cancerous subjects and may or may not reflect early pathology. The objective of this publication is to suggest that non-invasive mammary thermorhythmometry may complement clinical histopathology. This subject may exemplify a new principle awaiting scrutiny with much more extensive sampling and much longer follow-up, namely that chronopathology including chronoprotopathology, alongside established diagnostic procedures, may provide an indication for prophylactic intervention.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Time-varying effects in mice and rats of several synthetic ACTH preparations.

Circadian stage-dependent effects characterize synthetic ACTH 1-17 preparation (HOE 433 = Synchrodyn 1-17), tested in mice and rats, with reference notably to corticosterone and aldosterone production in vitro and to the behavior of rhythms in these two corticoids as an aspect of the adrenal cortical pacemaker of the circadian system. The possibility to advance or delay the rhythm in serum corticosterone by ACTH 1-17 also is demonstrated, as is a differential behavior of the circadian rhythm in serum aldosterone. Differences in timing of circadian corticosterone and aldosterone responses also are described and await further scrutiny for ultradian and infradian (notably circannual) modulation.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synthetic adrenocorticotropin for optimizing murine circadian chronotolerance for adriamycin.

An attempt to pre-set the circadian rhythm in murine chronotolerance for adriamycin (ADR) given i.p. or i.v. with ACTH was performed in three studies. In CDF1 mice standardized in LD12:12, it was demonstrated that 1) the circadian rhythm in murine chronotolerance for ADR exhibits a different timing depending upon whether the intravenous or intraperitoneal route is used for the administration of this anticancer agent; 2) ACTH or saline pretreatment does not enhance optimal circadian-stage-qualified ADR tolerance, whatever its route of injection, with any of the circadian stages and schedules explored; 3) near-optimal tolerance can be achieved by a fixed 'best' interval (among those investigated) between ACTH and ADR, irrespective of circadian stage. Tolerance equivalent to optimal circadian-stage-qualified ADR tolerance results from the administration of ACTH 1-17 (HOE433 = Synchrodyn) 24 hours before ADR injection; 4) and acrophase advance of over 6 hours of the tolerance rhythm results from ACTH 1-17 administration at 6 HALO. The acrophase changes do not directly account for an optimal ADR tolerance at a fixed interval of 24 hours after ACTH 1-17. Thus, ACTH may be considered a potential relative chronizer of murine chronotolerance for ADR.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circadian-stage-specified effects of a synthetic short chain ACTH-1-17 (HOE 433) on blood leukocytes and corticosterone secretion in mice.

A synthetic short chain ACTH, ACTH-1-17 (HOE 433 = Synchrodyn 1-17), beta-ala1, lys17 corticotropin (1-17)heptadecapeptide-4-N-butylamide, was tested for activity at the anticipated circadian stage of highest adrenal corticosterone responsiveness (22-HALO) in BALB/c mice. Statistically significant dose-response relations were demonstrated both in vitro (corticosterone production by adrenals incubated in Krebs-Ringer solution) and in vivo (increases in the serum corticosterone concentration). Leukocyte counts in mice injected with this ACTH showed statistically significant decreases (as compared to controls) for all kinds of cells except the neutrophil and medium-sized lymphocyte.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circadian periodicity of the results of frequently used laboratory tests in elderly subjects.

The circadian rhythms of twenty-one chemical serum parameters (albumin, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, carbon dioxide content, chloride, cholesterol, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatinine, glucose, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), gamma glutamyl transferase (Gamma--GT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), inorganic phosphorus, iron, potassium, total bilirubin, total protein, sodium, triglycerides, urea nitrogen, uric acid) and of urinary volume and oral temperature were studied, in October 1981, in a group of 49 elderly subjects (23 men, 73 +/- 6 years of age, and 26 women, 77 +/- 8 years of age) institutionalized at the Berceni Hospital for the aged. Statistically significant circadian rhythms as a group phenomenon were found in all functions except alkaline phosphatase, GOT, and LDH. The timing and the extent of these rhythms are presented. The circadian time structure of body chemistry appears well maintained in old age. Some circadian rhythms show a large enough amplitude to require the establishment of time qualified reference ("normal") ranges (e.g. serum iron). In most others, the circadian amplitudes are small and at present of little or no diagnostic importance. They are, however, of physiologic and pathophysiologic interest indicating an intricate time sequence of metabolic events in the human body.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circadian and circannual variations in plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C-peptide concentrations in elderly subjects.

Groups of 49-51 elderly men and women 77 +/- 8 years of age, institutionalized at the Berceni Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, were studied over a 24 hour span in spring, summer, fall and winter. All subjects followed a diurnal activity pattern with rest at night and ate three meals per day with breakfast at about 08:30, lunch at about 13:00, dinner at 18:30. The meals were similar, although not identical for all subjects during all seasons. On each day of sampling, blood was collected at four hourly intervals over a 24 hrs span. Immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C-peptide were determined in plasma and glucose (during fall and winter only) in serum. Circadian variations of all three parameters were found and the rhythm parameters were determined statistically by cosinor analysis. The acrophases of the circadian rhythm of IRI and C-peptide were the same during all four seasons. The circadian acrophase of plasma IRI and C-peptide precedes that of serum glucose. The circadian mean concentrations of IRI and C-peptide show a circannual variation with higher values in winter and fall than in spring and summer for plasma insulin and with higher values for summer and fall than in spring for C-peptide. Sex differences in IRI and C-peptide concentrations with higher values in men are manifested during certain circadian and circannual stages but not during others.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circadian variations in plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C-peptide concentrations in adult onset (type II) diabetes mellitus.

Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI), C-peptide and serum glucose concentrations were determined in 19 adult onset non-insulin dependent (type II) diabetics, in one adult onset diabetic on insulin and in 20 non-diabetic subjects matched for sex, age, weight and height. The subjects lived on a schedule of diurnal activity and nocturnal rest (21:00 to 06:00) at Berceni Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania and ate three meals at 08:30, 13:00 and 18:30 and a snack at 10:00 (carbohydrate content: 50 gm, 65 gm, 60 gm and 25 gm respectively). Nine of the diabetic patients were on oral hypoglycemic agents (tolbutamide or meguan), the others were controlled by diet only. Blood was sampled beginning at 08:00 at 4 hourly intervals over a 24-hour span. The circadian variations of IRI, C-peptide and serum glucose were analysed by population mean cosinor. The non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects as a group and the matched non-diabetic subjects showed under the conditions of this study circadian variations in serum glucose, plasma IRI and C-peptide which were identical in timing (acrophase) and amplitude and with the exception of the much higher serum glucose concentrations in the diabetics, not significantly different in the circadian mean concentration (or mesor). The diabetics on oral hypoglycemic agents if investigated separately showed in spite of identical serum glucose concentration a statistically significantly lower circadian mean IRI and C-peptide concentration than either non-diabetic subjects or the diabetics treated by diet only. Acrophase and relative amplitude remained unchanged. Adult onset non-insulin dependent (type II) diabetics maintained on diet only show the same circadian variations in plasma IRI and C-peptide as non-diabetic matched for sex, age, height and weight. The adult onset diabetic on insulin showed an extremely high serum glucose concentration which varied in its timing over the 24-hr span similar to the other subjects. His plasma IRI concentration was about ten times that of the non-diabetic or other diabetic subjects in this study. There was no statistically recognizable circadian variation of IRI. In contrast C-peptide was found at the same concentration as found in the other two groups and showed in all rhythm parameters an identical circadian variation. The circadian acrophase of plasma IRI and C-peptide concentrations in adult onset diabetics and the non-diabetics is the same.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circadian systolic and diastolic hyperbaric indices of high school and college students.

Apparently healthy North American (mostly Minnesotan) students, 117 boys and 147 girls, 14-21 years of age, self-measured blood pressure at 1 h or longer intervals for spans ranging from 24 h over several weeks to much longer spans. Each series was analyzed for a circadian rhythm by the single cosinor fit of a 24-h cosine curve. The mesor, amplitude and acrophase thus obtained were used for the determination of a mean acrometron, i.e. the mean of the sum of mesor + amplitude for each individual investigated. A circadian hyperbaric impact (HBI) was then computed as the tension-time product represented by the area under the fitted cosine curve and above the acrometron as a critical value. A highly skewed distribution of these HBIs was found: the HBI for systolic and diastolic blood pressure equalled 0 in 64 and 49 of the series on boys and 78 and 72 of the series on girls, respectively. Individuals singled out as outliers by the HBI are recommended for traking, some with and some without eventual intervention. The overall HBI is a step toward assessing the values that may lie above some group reference value, assuming a fixed rather than a likely-changing threshold for the damaging effect and further assuming the linearity of any impact, if not damage, along the scales of pressure and time. The overall HBI, based on such unvalidated approximations, will have to be complemented by an index related to the changes that lie outside a chronodesm with focus both upon the pressures that are too low as well as upon those that are too high.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circadian time structure of endocrine and biochemical parameters in adult onset (type II) diabetic patients.

Forty-one endocrine and biochemical serum parameters were studied over a 24-hour span with 6 samples at 4-hour intervals in 20 non-insulin dependent (Type II) diabetics and in 20 non-diabetic subjects matched for sex, age, height and weight. Circadian rhythms were verified by cosinor analysis. Group-synchronized circadian rhythms were detected in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects with no statistically significant difference in any of the rhythm parameters (rhythm adjusted mean, amplitude and acrophase) in: Aldosterone, cortisol, insulin, 17-OH progesterone, prolactin, testosterone, TSH, and in serum albumin, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), serum iron, inorganic phosphate and total protein. Statistically significant (p less than .05) circadian rhythms in both groups with a difference in some parameters between the diabetic and the non-diabetic subjects, which were verified by the Bingham Test (p less than .05) were found with a difference in the mesor in cholesterol, glucose, urea nitrogen (BUN), in the amplitude in C-peptide and in the acrophase in triglycerides, globulin and reverse T3 (rT3). Statistically significant circadian rhythms were detected as a group phenomenon for the diabetics only in progesterone, free and total T4, chloride, calcium, bilirubin and LDH and in the non-diabetic subjects only in ACTH, LH, total T3, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid and potassium. In the remainder of the functions studied, a circadian rhythm was detectable with statistical significance by cosinor analysis as a group phenomenon neither in the diabetics nor in the matched non-diabetic controls (DHEA-S, estradiol, FSH, GH, glucagon, free T3, sodium, GOT and gamma GT). In the absence of a detectable circadian rhythm as group phenomenon, the circadian mean was different between the diabetics and the non-diabetic subjects in sodium, chloride and calcium which were higher in the diabetic patients and serum LDH which was lower. In a comparison of endocrine determinations in the two groups, the circadian mean or mesor in T3 was lower in the diabetics and ACTH higher, without corresponding changes in TSH or in corticosteroids. The circadian time structure of Type II diabetic patients thus seems to be very similar to that seen in non-diabetic subjects of the same sex, age, weight and height. The minor differences found in some rhythm parameters will have to be confirmed or excluded in larger numbers of subjects. The higher circadian mean ACTH concentrations without change in steroid rhythm parameters observed in this group is interesting but will also require confirmation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circadian rhythm of TSH in adult onset non-insulin dependent (type II) diabetics with altered thyroid state.

Twenty adult onset non-insulin dependent (Type II) diabetic patients and twenty non-diabetic subjects matched for sex, age, height and weight were studied. The diabetes was controlled by diet only in 10 patients and by oral hypoglycemic agents in 10. All patients were diurnally active and rested at night. Blood was sampled at 4-hour intervals over a 24-hour span (6 samples). TSH, total T3 and total T4 were determined by radioimmunoassay. The circadian rhythm in TSH was statistically significant by cosinor analysis and was comparable in all rhythm parameters in diabetics and non-diabetics. The rhythms of total T3 and T4 also seem to persist with comparable timing although the small number of subjects did not allow rhythm detection at the 5 per cent level in all groups. The circadian mean of the total T3 plasma concentration in the diabetics, however, was statistically significantly lower than the usual range of this laboratory and the total T4 was elevated but within the usual range. The changes in total T3 and T4 were most pronounced in the patients on oral hypoglycemic agents. This study indicates persistence of a circadian rhythm in TSH (and presumably also in the plasma concentrations of total T3 and T4) in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients in spite of a lowered circadian mean concentration of total T3 and a slightly but statistically significantly higher total T4 than in the matched non-diabetic subjects. The altered thyroidal state in the diabetic patients thus does not interfere with the circadian periodic secretion of TSH.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endocrine circadian time structure in the aged.

Thirteen circadian rhythms in plasma hormone levels (ACTH, aldosterone, cortisol, C-peptide, insulin, DHEA-S, estradiol, LH, prolactin, 17-OH progesterone, testosterone, T4 and TSH) were studied in April 1981 in 25 males and 25 females 57 to 91 years of age, institutionalized at the Berceni Hospital for the aged. The radioimmunoassays and the statistical rhythmometric evaluation by the cosinor procedure were done at S. Paul-Ramsey Medical Center, St. Paul, MN, USA. Circadian rhythms were found and quantified for each of these variables. Elderly subjects of both sexes thus maintain a circadian time structure of their endocrine system as a group phenomenon. In comparison with previous data from the Endocrine Rhythms Laboratory ("C. I. Parhon" Institute) and series of younger subjects studied in Minnesota (St. Paul-Ramsey Medical Center) as well as in comparison with data published from other centers, the aged seem to experience an earlier arousal of their endocrine system which may be related to certain disturbances of old age e.g. of sleep. The latter observations will have to be confirmed by additional studies which take both circadian and circannual variations in account.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toward a chronopsy: part I. A chronobiologic case report and a thermopsy complementing the biopsy.

A prophylactic bilateral subcutaneous mastectomy, following a preoperative mammogram revealed clustered small calcifications in the left breast. In order to investigate the merits of thermorphythmometry, the patient self-measured surface temperature of each breast, above and below the nipple, while awake. In the case here presented, bilateral subcutaneous mastectomy followed by extensive histologic scrutiny of both breasts revealed no indication of malignancy. Bilateral fibrocystic disease with calcification and lobular hyperplasia was found. As compared to the contralateral sites, the atypical epithelial proliferation was more abundant in the mammographically and thermorhythmometrically 'abnormal' area of the left breast.

Body Temperature Regulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Competing circadian effects of methylprednisolone and rat weight, light chains, immunocytoma size and survival.

Eighty-four singly housed LOU rats, 43 males and 41 females, were studied (under conditions standardized for rhythmometry) for the effect of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP) upon a transplantable immunocytoma. Body temperature was monitored as a host reference rhythm while light chain excretion and tumor size were monitored to determine an effect upon the tumor. The MP, dissolved in a sweet solution, was consumed by the rats without any statistically significant shift in acrophase of the circadian temperature rhythm. Time dependent effects of MP treatment were observed with respect to 1) tumor size decrement and 2) the survival of treated animals, as compared to untreated animals.

Animals↗