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Biomedical subjects

E Hassan

Publications and source records attributed to E Hassan.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Stability of labetalol hydrochloride with selected critical care drugs during simulated Y-site injection.

The compatibility and stability of labetalol hydrochloride in combination with various critical care drugs was evaluated. Labetalol hydrochloride 1.0 mg/mL was combined in 5% dextrose injection with equal volumes of each of the following drugs: dobutamine 2.5 mg/mL (as the hydrochloride salt), dopamine hydrochloride 1.6 mg/mL, morphine sulfate 0.5 mg/mL, nitroglycerin 0.2 mg/mL, and ranitidine 0.6 mg/mL (as the hydrochloride salt). The mixtures were placed in duplicate Y-site administration sets. Visual inspection, pH determination, and high-performance liquid chromatography were performed in duplicate on samples removed at zero, two, and four hours. No change in pH or appearance occurred throughout the study. All drug concentrations remained above 90% of the initial concentration in each combination. Labetalol hydrochloride 1.0 mg/mL and dobutamine 2.5 mg/mL (as the hydrochloride salt), dopamine hydrochloride 1.6 mg/mL, morphine sulfate 0.5 mg/mL, nitroglycerin 0.2 mg/mL, or ranitidine 0.6 mg/mL (as the hydrochloride salt) in 5% dextrose injection were stable and compatible for up to four hours at 20-25 degrees C during simulated Y-site injection.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1993

Treatment of polycystic ovarian disease during adolescence with ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate versus a D-Tr-6-LHRH analog.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to compare the clinical and endocrinological results of two kinds of treatment on adolescents with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD). METHOD: Forty-five adolescents with PCOD were randomly allocated into two groups, treated either with ethinylestradiol (EE)/cyproterone acetate (group A) or the GnRH analog D-Tr-6-LHRH (group B). RESULT: No significant changes were detected on the body mass index and waist-hip circumference. A significant improvement of hirsutism was noticed in both groups of patients. A normal menstrual period was recorded in group A adolescents while all group B patients became amenorrheic. A favorable decrease of ovarian volume was detected in both groups. LH/FSH ratio and delta 4-androstenedione serum levels were found significantly reduced in both groups in comparison to pre-treatment levels. The comparison between the two groups, after 6 months, showed significantly lower values of LH/FSH ratio in group B cases. CONCLUSION: Both forms of treatment are safe and effective to a various degree for the management of PCOD adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Spermicidal and antiviral properties of cholic acid: contraceptive efficacy of a new vaginal sponge (Protectaid) containing sodium cholate.

Cholic acid (sodium cholate) exhibits a strong spermicidal and antiviral [anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1] activity. The same effects are observed for F-5 Gel, the active mixture of a new contraceptive sponge (Protectaid), which contains sodium cholate in association with low concentrations (0.5%) of nonoxynol-9 and benzalkonium chloride. Both cholic acid and the F-5 Gel exert a dose-dependent, in-vitro inhibitory effect (i) on the activity of HIV-1 associated reverse transcriptase in an acellular system and (ii) on the potential of HIV-1 efficiently to infect human lymphocytes. During 12 months use, the contraceptive efficacy of the 'Protectaid' sponge was 100% in 20 young women who had chosen this method for reasons of both contraception and anti-sexually transmitted disease. No side-effects were recorded throughout this period. Cervical cultures at 6-month intervals showed the presence of Mycoplasma hominis and Candida albicans in one or two cases. The combined spermicidal and anti-HIV properties of cholic acid reported in this paper and used in the 'Protectaid' sponge offer a new and modern protective method of contraception.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Plasma levels of levodopa and its main metabolites in parkinsonian patients after conventional and controlled-release levodopa-carbidopa associations.

The paper reports plasma levels of levodopa (LD), its main metabolites [dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, 3-O-methyldopa (3-O-MD)] and carbidopa in 14 parkinsonian patients first treated with Sinemet and thereafter with Sinemet-CR4. A good relationship was observed between LD plasma levels and pharmacological effects. While the LD area under the curve increased after Sinemet-CR4, the same was not observed with metabolites, except with 3-O-MD. The experiments in volunteer subjects confirmed the increase in 3-O-MD in plasma after Sinemet-CR4. Higher levels were observed also in the CSF with a reduction of LD concentrations. This seems to corroborate the hypothesis of an interference with LD passage through the blood-brain barrier in humans.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1992

The effect of zinc deficiency on granuloma formation, liver fibrosis, and antibody responses in experimental schistosomiasis.

The influence of various dietary zinc levels on the fibrotic aspects of granuloma formation and on the humoral response to schistosome egg antigens was investigated in C57Bl/6 mice by feeding groups of animals zinc-deficient diets. At six weeks of age, control and zinc-deficient mice were exposed individually to 50-60 cercariae of the Brazilian LE strain of Schistosoma mansoni. The animals were maintained on their respective diets for eight weeks postinfection, then all animals were killed and analyzed for body weight, spleen weight, collagen content of the liver, in vivo granulomatous histopathology, and antibody responses to soluble egg antigens. Zinc-deficient mice experienced stunted growth and reduced weight gain. Granulomatous hypersensitivity to schistosome eggs in the liver was measured in liver histopathologic sections using morphometric analysis and was found to be depressed in infected mice fed the moderately and the severely zinc-deficient diets. The low level of zinc in the diet also affected the humoral immune response of the host to schistosome egg antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Continuous monitoring of mixed venous oxygen saturation as an indicator of pharmacologic intervention.

This prospective study evaluated the ability of continuous SvO2 measurements to predict the onset and duration of action of the oral vasodilator, fenoldopam. Eight patients with New York Heart Association functional class 3 CHF received 100 mg fenoldopam in the fasted state. Serial hemodynamic parameters and SvO2 measurements were obtained at baseline and up to eight hours postdose. Although wide interpatient variability was observed, the SvO2-time response curve produced a similar trend as the CI-time response curve. The SvO2 may be a useful drug monitoring parameter in patients with NYHA class 3 CHF. Seriously ill patients may not have a good CI/SvO2 correlation. This is most likely due to an unstable oxygen consumption rate at the tissue level. Therefore, we recommend establishing the relationship between CI and SvO2 prior to its use as a drug monitoring parameter.

Benzazepines↗
PubMed1987

The value of mixed venous oxygen saturation as a therapeutic indicator in the treatment of advanced congestive heart failure.

This retrospective study attempted to determine if the mixed venous oxygen saturation (SVO2) is an appropriate therapeutic monitoring parameter in assessing the effectiveness of dobutamine administration in patients with advanced congestive heart failure (CHF). Twelve patients (mean age 56.7 +/- 3.2 years, SEM) with New York Heart Association functional class III or IV (11 patients) received increasing doses of dobutamine with hemodynamic and SVO2 determinations. Dose-dependent hemodynamic improvements occurred with dobutamine administration. The correlation between cardiac output (CO) and SVO2 was poor (r2 = 0.37). One subset of patients (seven patients) had a good correlation (r2 greater than or equal to 0.7), whereas a second subset (five patients) had a weak correlation (r2 less than 0.7) between CO and SVO2. The baseline hemodynamic profile of the latter group demonstrates a trend toward a more seriously ill subset of patients compared to the former group. A parallel relationship between CO and SVO2 may not occur in seriously ill CHF patients. One possible explanation may be a changing oxygen consumption rate in the seriously ill patient, resulting in changes in CO without concomitant changes in SVO2.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1987

Predicted and measured aminoglycoside pharmacokinetic parameters in critically ill patients.

We conducted a prospective study to determine whether predicted aminoglycoside pharmacokinetic parameters (based on population averages) correlate with measured values in critically ill patients. There was wide interpatient variability for all pharmacokinetic parameters. Only predicted and measured volumes of distribution (18.7 +/- 6.5 versus 22.9 +/- 7.7 liters [mean +/- standard deviation], respectively), with a mean of 0.32 +/- 0.09 liter/kg of dosing body weight, were significantly different. There were no relationships between pharmacokinetic parameters and documented infection, death, or intubation status. The results indicate that volume of distribution is commonly underestimated in intensive care unit patients, whereas elimination rates may be adequately predicted based on population averages. We therefore recommend that aminoglycoside volume of distribution estimates for intensive care unit patients take fluid and adipose excess into account and be based on 0.32 liter/kg rather than the usual 0.25 liter/kg.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Antimicrobial prophylaxis of gastrointestinal surgical procedures and treatment of intraabdominal infections.

Antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment regimens ideally are selected on the basis of efficacy, safety, and cost. This review evaluates current, selected literature on antibiotic prophylaxis for colorectal surgery, presumptive antibiotic administration following penetrating abdominal trauma, and treatment of intraabdominal infections. Single-drug regimens with the newer, broad-spectrum agents are assessed and compared with combination regimens; specific regimens are recommended. Colorectal procedures require an antimicrobial agent with activity against both aerobes and anaerobes. Patients undergoing elective colorectal procedures can be adequately protected with an orally administered three-dose regimen of neomycin/erythromycin. Parenteral antibiotic administration is generally not necessary, but, cefoxitin is recommended for nonelective colorectal surgery. The risk of potential infectious complications following penetrating abdominal trauma without colonic perforation is less than with colonic perforation; however, antibiotic therapy that includes activity against aerobes and anaerobes is recommended for all types of penetrating abdominal trauma. Although cephalothin, cefamandole, or cefoxitin alone may be used in abdominal trauma without perforation of the colon, only cefoxitin is recommended as a single-drug alternative to the standard clindamycin/gentamicin regimen in trauma with colonic perforation. Single-drug therapy with cefoxitin or moxalactam can be used successfully as alternatives to the standard regimens of clindamycin/gentamicin or metronidazole/gentamicin in many patients with intraabdominal sepsis. Single-drug regimens reduce the risk of developing adverse effects and are cost-effective. However, if resistant organisms are suspected, or if the patient has been hospitalized for a prolonged period or has multiple organ failure, it may be necessary to supplement cefoxitin therapy with an antibiotic that will enhance coverage against gram-negative aerobes.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1987

Inherited immunoregulatory dysfunction in extrinsic bronchial asthma.

We studied 119 members of 22 asthmatic multiplex families. Included were: 44 parents (seven were asthmatics), 48 asthmatics (23 were undergoing an attack at the time of sampling), and 27 normal siblings. The following investigations were carried out on all subjects: 1) detection of total T lymphocytes, helper cells, and suppressor cells, using monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8), 2) study of nonspecific T-lymphocyte blast transformation induced by PHA, and 3) HLA-A, B, and DR antigen determination using the microcytotoxicity technique. The results were compared with normal ranges and data for a normal group and statistically and genetically analyzed. They indicate that: 1) the number of T cells was low in asymptomatic asthmatics and normal in asthmatics in attack; 2) there were fewer helper and normal suppressor cells (that is, a low H:S ratio) in asymptomatic asthmatics, and a normal amount of helper and suppressor cells (a normal H:S ratio) in those experiencing an attack; 3) there was a percentage of lymphocyte transformation in both groups of asthmatics; 4) whereas the T-helper cells increased, there was no change in the number of suppressor cells during an attack, which points to deficient function of suppressor cells; 5) the disorder is inherited and the gene controlling this dysfunction is HLA-linked and probably dominant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of meprobamate overdose with repeated oral doses of activated charcoal.

The use of repeated oral activated charcoal (ROAC) administration is reported in two patients who presented with acute meprobamate ingestions. Both patients had a measured meprobamate half-life of approximately 4.5 hours, the shortest reported in the literature. ROAC appears to be a safe, effective agent that may play a role in increasing the clearance of a number of agents from the systemic circulation. Further study in this area is needed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Simultaneous spectrofluorimetric determination of thiamin, pyridoxine and riboflavin in pharmaceutical multivitamin preparations.

Independent spectrofluorimetric methods have been described for the assay of thiamin, pyridoxine and riboflavin in combination. Thiamin determination is based on the spectrofluorimetric measurements of thiochrome formed by the oxidation with N-bromosuccinimide (N-BS) in isopropanol. The method proved to be a stability indicating method. Pyridoxine and riboflavin are estimated by measuring their independent fluorescence in buffer solution pH = 7. The methods are highly specific and can be performed without prior extraction or separation of the individual vitamins. The sensitivity ranges are 1.5-3.5, 0.5-2.5 and 0.4-2.0 micrograms X ml-1 for thiamine, pyridoxine and riboflavin respectively.

Drug Combinations↗
PubMed1983

Synthesis and antimicrobial testing of certain oxadiazoline and triazole derivatives.

The synthesis of some novel oxadiazolines and triazoles is described. Cyclization of nicotinic acid hydrazones using acetic anhydride afforded 2-substituted 3-acetyl-5-(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolines. Likewise, when potassium dithiocarbazate--prepared from nicotinic acid hydrazide--was reacted with hydrazine hydrate, cyclization and production of 4-amino-3-(3-pyridyl)-5-mercapto[4H]-1,2,4-triazole was achieved. Ten new azomethine derivatives were prepared through the condensation between the latter amine and different aromatic aldehydes. The novel compounds were subjected to preliminary antimicrobial testing and the data obtained are summarized.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗