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Biomedical subjects

E Hart

Publications and source records attributed to E Hart.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Induction of antigen-specific T and B cell immunity in colon carcinoma patients by anti-idiotypic antibody.

Polyclonal goat anti-idiotypic Abs directed against anti-human gastrointestinal carcinoma mAb GA733 were administered to 13 colon cancer patients who had their primary tumor and lymph node metastases removed before immunotherapy. Patients received four s.c. doses (0.5 to 8 mg each) of alum-precipitated anti-idiotypic Ab. Seven of the 13 patients produced anti-anti-Ids that bound specifically to the GA733 epitope on tumor cells and shared idiotopes with mAb GA733. In four of the seven responding patients, anti-Id therapy specifically modulated T cell responses. In two patients who did not demonstrate GA733 Ag/anti-Id-reactive T cells before therapy, anti-Id administration induced CD4+, MHC class II-dependent T cells that specifically proliferated in culture in response to stimulation with either anti-Id or GA733 Ag. In two other patients who did demonstrate Ag/anti-Id-reactive T cells before therapy, anti-Id administration transiently induced lymphocytes that suppressed the proliferative responses of cultured pretherapy lymphocytes to stimulation with anti-Id or GA733 Ag. Nine of the 13 treated patients showed no evidence of disease after 39 to 86 mo of observation. Five of these patients developed Ag-specific Ab3 and one had, in addition, a T cell response.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Research challenges: issues in the management of research projects.

Earlier work published in this journal has highlighted problems in the management of nursing research, including tensions between nurse managers and researchers. Building on this earlier work the challenges posed by research in the volatile organizational context of the British National Health Service (NHS) are discussed in relation to two areas: the early stages of establishing a research project, and defining the roles and responsibilities of those involved in the research. It is argued that many of the problems which hinder the successful completion of research can be traced back to the early stages of establishing the project, including a lack of clarity about its aims, purpose and objectives. Such problems are compounded by the lack of attention given to the task of defining the respective roles and responsibilities of manager and researcher, as well as of others in a research team. It is concluded that one of the major tasks for research and development in the current climate of the NHS is to find ways of dealing with such challenges which promote increased understanding between manager and researcher. Ways in which this might be achieved are suggested.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Immunomodulatory activity of monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody to anti-colorectal carcinoma antibody CO17-1A in animals and patients.

Monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (Ab2) VF2 was derived from rats immunized with anti-colorectal carcinoma (anti-CRC) monoclonal antibody (Ab1) CO17-1A. In rabbits the Ab2 induced anti anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3) that shared idiotopes with the Ab1, bound to the same epitope on CRC cells as Ab1, and bound to the isolated CO17-1A antigen. Monoclonal Ab2 VF2 was superior to the previously described polyclonal goat Ab2 against Ab1 CO17-1A in its capacity to elicit humoral immunity in animals. Ab2 VF2 also induced a specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to challenge with irradiated CO17-1A antigen-positive human CRC cells in mice. Of nine CRC patients immunized with aluminum hydroxide-precipitated Ab2 VF2, six developed antibodies that bound to Ab2, but only three patients developed Ab3 that bound to idiotypic determinants on Ab2. However, the Ab3 did not bind to CO17-1A antigen-positive CRC cells. In contrast, in a previously described trial with polyclonal goat Ab2 to Ab1 CO17-1A, most of the patients developed anti-CRC antibodies. Four of the nine patients immunized with Ab2 VF2 developed DTH responses to intradermal challenge with the Ab2, and in one patient DTH was both Ab2- and antigen-specific. Peripheral blood mononu-clear cells of the four DTH-reactive patients did not proliferate in response to in vitro stimulation with either Ab2 or antigen. These studies demonstrate that the immunomodulatory activity of monoclonal Ab2 VF2 in animals is only in part predictive of its activity in patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Ghost in the machine.

Management insistence that nursing must be reduced to measurable tasks is undermining the intuitive and creative essence of the profession and removing it from its wider context, says Elizabeth Hart.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1990

Relationship of professional involvement to clinical behaviors of physical therapists.

This study was designed to measure the level of professional involvement of respondents and to examine the relationship between a high level of professional involvement (eg, membership in the American Physical Therapy Association, attendance at Association conferences, participation in continuing education programs) and the frequency of use of high-complexity procedures. A questionnaire survey of 165 Alabama physical therapists was conducted to establish 1) the ranking of 24 physical therapy procedures according to the perceived level of complexity and 2) the relationship of a procedure's rank to delegation of that procedure to support personnel. The ranking and a cluster analysis of the 24 procedures correlated with similar ranking in other studies (Pearson r = .92). The level of complexity of a procedure influenced delegation to support personnel, with high-complexity procedures being delegated less frequently and requiring greater supervision than moderate- and low-complexity procedures. There was variation in the frequency of use of procedures, but a clear relationship was not found between a high level of professional involvement and use of high-complexity procedures. A relationship existed between professional involvement and both job title and types of referrals received. Those physical therapists with a higher level of professional involvement tended to be directors and supervisors (chi 2 = 28.29, df = 2, p less than .001), and they received autonomous referrals with greater frequency than those physical therapists with a lower level of involvement (chi 2 = 16.25, df = 3, p less than .001). The findings have implications for the continued professionalization of physical therapy and for the role that physical therapy educators and administrators play in this process.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1985

Selective control of human glioma cell proliferation by specific cell interaction.

Cells cultured from anaplastic astrocytoma (Kernohan and Sayre, grades III and IV) will proliferate on confluent monolayers of normal glia, while cells cultured from normal brain will not. The growth of a cell line containing a high proportion of well-differentiated glioma cells (G-CCM) was partially inhibited, though not as much as normal glia, while the growth of a cell line made up of less differentiated cells (G-UVW) was enhanced by the normal glia. Although non-glial confluent monolayers also inhibited the growth of normal glia, this was less specific, as one normal glial line (N-DUT) grew on fibroblasts and intestinal epithelium, although it was unable to do so on normal glia. It is suggested that this may be a useful method for examining reduced density limitation of growth, discriminating between normal and malignant glia, and for separating glioma cells from contaminating normal cells.

Cell Communication↗
PubMed1974

Rapid plate method for the isolation of lysogenic bacteriophages.

We have devised a rapid plate method for the detection and isolation of lysogenic phages and have used the procedure to screen 15 strains of Staphylococcus aureus. This method should prove applicable to a wide variety of bacterial species and should be especially valuable for those pathogens for which no phage-typing system is available.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pitfalls in the diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection at CT angiography.

Two hundred seventy-five computed tomographic (CT) angiograms of the thoracic aorta were obtained over a period of approximately 4 years in patients with suspected or known aortic dissection. In all cases, unenhanced images were initially obtained, followed by contrast material-enhanced images. A variety of pitfalls were encountered that mimicked aortic dissection. These pitfalls were attributable to technical factors (eg, improper timing of contrast material administration relative to image acquisition); streak artifacts generated by high-attenuation material, high-contrast interfaces, or cardiac motion; periaortic structures (eg, aortic arch branches, mediastinal veins, pericardial recess, thymus, atelectasis, pleural thickening or effusion adjacent to the aorta); aortic wall motion and normal aortic sinuses; aortic variations such as congenital ductus diverticulum and acquired aortic aneurysm with thrombus; and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer. Although several of these pitfalls are easy to recognize and therefore unlikely to present a diagnostic problem, others are potentially confusing. Familiarity with these common pitfalls, coupled with a knowledge of normal intrathoracic anatomy, will facilitate recognition of true aortic dissection and help avoid misdiagnosis at thoracic aortic CT angiography.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anti-idiotype cancer vaccines: pre-clinical and clinical studies.

We have previously shown that anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) that functionally mimic the epitope defined by anti-colorectal carcinoma (CRC) monoclonal antibody (Ab1) CO17-1A induce in cancer patients highly specific anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3) which are Ab1-like in their binding specificity to tumor cells and antigen. Ab1 GA733, originally produced against gastric carcinoma, binds to the same antigen as Ab1 CO17-1A, but to a different epitope. Ab2 against Ab1 GA733 produced in goats have been previously shown in experimental animals to functionally mimic the epitope defined by the Ab1. For the purposes of studying immune responses, this Ab2 preparation was administered to 12 patients who had previously been diagnosed with CRC but whose tumors were excised prior to Ab2 therapy. Patients were injected subcutaneously with escalating doses (0.5-4 mg) of Ab2 precipitated to alum. Ten of the 12 patients produced antibodies to the administered Ab2. In six patients a fraction of these antibodies bound specifically to the Ab2 and not to normal goat IgG. These anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3) shared idiotopes with the Ab1 and bound to antigen-positive, but not antigen-negative, cultured tumor cells. The Ab3 specifically inhibited binding of the Ab1 to tumor cells and therefore may bind to the same epitope as Ab1. Our studies demonstrate that Ab2 are highly specific modulators of cancer patients immune responses to their tumors.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of the CT scanner in RT planning.

Work has already been done showing the benefits and difficulties of CT planning. I have tried to discuss here the more practical aspects involved. Some 100 patients have now been planned using the CT scanner in conjunction with the planning computer. After a few initial problems (mainly concerning the transfer of data between the two computers), all the plans seem to fit well and set up on the treatment machines satisfactorily. Everything is verified using the simulator. In general, it takes only a little extra time on the CT scanner, and time is saved on the simulator. The benefits are:--1. More accurate dose distribution in the planning--tissue densities previously measured, for instance lung correction factors etc. 2. Bladder and prostate tumours--a cystogram can be avoided and also the possibilities of infection inherent in this invasive procedure. 3. Bladder tumours--a more realistic picture of the bladder as it will be when treated, that is, not fully drained (Figures 7a and 7b). 4. More accurate outline information over the whole length of the area to be treated. 5. More accurate information regarding the position of critical organs in relation to the tumour volume and the treatment volume.

Humans↗