Differences in postprandial acidity and rates of gastric emptying in duodenal ulcer patients and healthy subjects after the addition of guar gum to meals.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
E Harju
Publications and source records attributed to E Harju.
Nitrogen-calorie ratio during total parenteral nutrition in 1001 surgical patients treated in intensive care unit.
Nitrogen-calorie (non-nitrogen) ratio during total parenteral nutrition in 1001 successive surgical patients treated in intensive care unit of Tampere Central Hospital over two and a half years was studied. The mortal was three percent in the patients (N = 222) needing only intensive observation, seven per cent in the group (N = 544) needing intensive treatment and 54 per cent in the patients needing intensive therapy (N = 287). Complete parenteral nutrition was only one aspect of the total intensive treatment and it was fulfilled in harmony with the other forms of treatment to safe the life of these critically ill patients. Thus e.g. the clinical status, blood circulation, respiratory function, renal function, blood gas, blood glucose concentration, diuresis and excretion of urea were followed. Complete parenteral nutrition by 15 per cent fructose-glucose solution, 20 per cent fat emulsion (Intralipid), and/or aminoacid solution (Levamin forte, 1000 ml = 11 grams amino-nitrogen and 400 kcal) was given to 87.6 per cent of the patients for 3717 days of treatment. The results showed that nitrogen-calorie ratio during total parenteral nutrition in 1001 surgical patients treated in intensive care unit was 1:125, indicating a low amount of energy given for each gram of administered nitrogen. The nitrogen-calorie ratio for the patients who needed only intensive observation, intensive treatment or intensive therapy were: 1:112, 1:130 or 1:121, respectively.
Energy Intake↗
The complaints and dietary habits of the patients with gastritis and undefined abdominal pain.
The complaints and dietary habits of sixteen patients with gastritis and fourteen with undefined abdominal pain were studied by recording method. The results showed that the symptoms of the patients with gastritis and undefined abdominal pain were similar and mostly postprandial and they can be regarded as local (abdominal pain, meteorism, discomfort and heartburn) and/or general (sweating, nausea and faintness). The patients have variations of the symptomatic and asymptomatic periods. The symptomatic patients with gastritis have significantly higher number of daily meals than the asymptomatic patients with gastritis. The daily intake of food, energy and nutrients are low especially in the symptomatic patients with gastritis. It is concluded that the symptoms experienced by the patients with gastritis or undefined abdominal pain are related to the eating so that the daily dietary habits are disturbed. The produced a low intake of food, energy and nutrients especially in the patients with symptomatic gastritis.
Abdomen↗
Effects of meal viscosity on serum gastrin response and gastric emptying rate in duodenal ulcer patients.
Addition of guar gum to a meal increases its viscosity. Two test meals of differing viscosities were eaten by 15 duodenal ulcer patients. Gastric emptying rates were measured over 120 minute periods after ingestion of the meals by determining the intragastric content of the polyethylene glycol which had been included in the meals. Serum gastrin levels were determined over the same period by radioimmunoassay. The gastric emptying rate was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower after the meal of higher viscosity, but there were no significant differences in serum gastrin levels at any time of measurement after the two meals.
Adult↗
Lack of iron stores in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Low serum ferritin concentrations indicating empty iron stores are common (30 to 50 per cent of the patients) in patients with carcinomas of the stomach, colon and rectum as well as in patients who have undergone resection of the stomach in addition to proximal selective vagotomy and fundoplication. Malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are also associated with low serum ferritin concentrations and empty iron stores. Abnormal high serum ferritin concentrations are common in patients with polyposis of the stomach, intra-abdominal abscesses, carcinoma of the papilla of Vater, in patients one month after cholecystectomy and patients with benign tumors of the esophagus, esophagitis, perforation of peptic ulcer, diverticulitis of the colon, carcinoma of the esophagus and polyposis of the colon. Patients after proximal selective vagotomy due to duodenal ulcer have frequently lower and higher values than patients with duodenal ulcers who have not undergone operation. Thus, empty iron stores are common in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, especially ones which are malignant, and after gastric operations, whereas a few neoplasms, malignant diseases and severe infections (intraabdominal abscesses and diverticulitis of the colon) may be associated with high serum ferritin concentrations. It is highly justified to determine serum ferritin concentrations in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Anemia, Hypochromic↗
Weight changes after jaw fixation due to sagittal split ramus osteotomy for correction of prognathous.
Body weight changes, energy intake and symptoms experienced were studied in 13 patients whose jaws were fixated due to osteotomy for protruding mandible. All except one patient lost weight and the mean weight loss was 7.5 +/- 5.3 kg. The weight reduction was higher in the obese patient (11 +/- 4.2 kg), but also patients of normal weight lost 4.7 +/- 4.6 kg. The reduction of daily energy intake from the preoperative state as 1.5 +/- 1.0 MJ and was in obese patients about twice as much as in the lean ones (2.1 +/- 0.8 MJ and 1.0 +/- 1.0 MJ, respectively). The reduction of energy intake per loss of body weight by 1 kg was in all patients 8.5 +/- 0.67 MJ, in obese 8.3 +/- 0.64 MJ and in lean patients 8.6 +/- 0.75 MJ. The loss of weight was temporary and the patients regained their weights largely or wholly after the fixation period. Ten patients of the 13 felt hunger during fixation period, two had abdominal pains, five constipation and two pollacisuria. Jaw fixation due to osteotomy for protruding mandible decreased the food intake of the patients much and deteriorated their nutritional status by considerable weight loss. Thus advice about fortifying the diet is indicated so that the patients could consume food of high energy content during intermaxillary fixation due to sagittal split ramus osteotomy for correction of prognathous.
Adolescent↗
A comparison between serum ferritin concentration and the amount of bone marrow stainable iron.
There was good parallelism between serum ferritin levels and the amount of bone marrow stainable iron in 123 patients with gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. A serum ferritin concentration of about 20-25 micrograms/l is the approximate level below which stainable iron cannot be demonstrated in the bone marrow.
Bone Marrow↗
The effect of iron treatment on serum ferritin concentrations and bone marrow stainable iron in iron deficient out-patients with gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.
Serum ferritin concentrations and bone marrow stainable iron were determined in 122 adult out-patients (seventy males) with gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. Half of the forty-four patients with iron deficiency (serum ferritin level below 20 micrograms/l) received peroral iron therapy (200 mg Fe++ daily). In most of the treated patients serum ferritin levels increased and the amount of bone marrow stainable iron in half of them also increased. Measurement of body iron stores by serum ferritin determinations and restoration of low body iron stores in these patients is of practical importance.
Ambulatory Care↗
Reduction in symptoms after proximal selective vagotomy through increased dietary viscosity.
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Abdomen↗
Guar gum benefits duodenal ulcer patients by decreasing gastric acidity and rate of emptying of gastric contents 60 to 120 minutes postprandially.
The effects of increasing the viscosity of a meal on postprandial acidity, acid load, and rate of emptying of gastric contents was studied in 15 duodenal ulcer patients in a double-blind manner by adding five gm of guar gum or placebo evenly to a test meal. The acidity of gastric juices was measured postprandially during a 120-min period using samples drawn via a nasogastric tube. Gastric emptying was measured via assessment of the degrees of dilution of polyethylene glycol added to the test meals. Guar gum decreased the total acid load, gastric juice acidity, and rates of emptying of gastric contents between 60 and 120 min postprandially, probably because of its effects on viscosity and neutralization of gastric acidity and may therefore be beneficial for duodenal ulcer patients.
Adult↗
Intravenous feeding in the rabbit.
Experience with intravenous feeding in about forty rabbits forms the basis of this report. The results showed that low cost functional equipment and techniques for intravenous feeding and metabolic studies are possible in the rabbit. Restraining of the rabbit is necessary, but it hardly affects the results in short (up to three days) studies. Repeated at 24-hour intervals, heart punctures under anaesthesia allow to obtain large blood samples for microscopic, haematological and biochemical measurements during the same study.
Animals↗
Intragastric glucose and saline cause a much pronounced postoperative retention than fat emulsion and amino acids.
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Amino Acids↗
Interobserver variation in the evaluation of radiologic changes of rheumatoid arthritis.
The variation between four radiologists in the evaluation of hand, wrist, and foot radiographs of rheumatoid arthritis was examined. The recognition of individual radiologic changes varied considerably as judged by the findings of the different observers. Erosion and joint space narrowing were interpreted more uniformly than soft tissue swelling and osteoporosis. When the radiographs were graded from 0 to 5 using standard reference radiographs, more than 90% of them were graded uniformly or with a difference of only one grade. The investigation has shown that when applying grading of rheumatoid arthritis according to standard reference radiographs, the interobserver variation is considerably less than when pure individual radiological changes of rheumatoid arhtritis are considered.
Adult↗
Parents and children in oral acting and dietary habits.
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Adolescent↗
Food energy and nutrient intake by some groups of Finnish population.
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Adolescent↗
Efficacy of guar gum in preventing the dumping syndrome.
The occurrence of dumping symptoms during 1 wk of use of 5 g of guar gum or placebo in meals was examined in a double-blind study in 11 patients, who had undergone gastric resection and were suffering from the dumping syndrome. The results show that guar gum prevented the dumping syndrome and increased tolerance to foods not previously tolerated in nine of the 11 patients.
Adult↗
Effect of guar gum on gastric emptying after gastric resection.
Gastric emptying after a conventional semisolid meal containing 5 g of guar gum granules or placebo was measured in a double-blind, controlled trial, using a radioisotopic (technetium Tc-99m DTPA) technique, in 11 patients who had undergone gastric resection, and who were experiencing the dumping syndrome. Guar gum clearly slowed gastric emptying in five of the 11 patients, and the results suggest that the addition of guar gum to normal meals, especially those rich in monosaccharides or disaccharides, may be helpful to post-gastrectomy patients suffering from the dumping syndrome.
Adult↗
The increase of body iron stores estimated by the increase of serum ferritin concentration during ferrous sulphate treatment after gastrointestinal surgery.
A 6-wk period of iron therapy with ferrous sulphate (80 mg Fe++ three times daily) was given to 16 males and 16 females on whom previously various common gastrointestinal surgery had been performed and who had empty iron stores estimated from low serum ferritin concentration. The results were compared with a control group corresponding to the study group in respect to sex, number of patients, primary disease, previous operation, and the empty iron stores. The iron therapy replenished the empty body iron stores, because the serum ferritin concentrations increased from 11 +/- 7 to 35 +/ 13 micrograms/liter (p less than 0.001) in the males and from 9 +/- 6 to 30 +/- 10 micrograms/liter (p less than 0.001) in the females, whereas the corresponding changes in the control group were from 10 +/- 9 to 11 +/- 8 micrograms/liter and from 11 +/- 8 to 13 +/- 11 micrograms/liter in the males and females, respectively. Also the blood hemoglobin concentration increased in the group receiving iron from 136 +/- 11 to 150 +/- 11 g/liter (p less than 0.01) and from 130 +/- 12 to 142 +/- 11 g/liter (p less than 0.01) and the serum iron from 14 +/- 6 to 18 +/- 5 mmol/liter (p less than 0.01) and from 13 +/- 6 to 17 +/- 6 mmol/liter (p less than 0.01) in males and females, respectively, whereas corresponding changes in the control group for hemoglobin were from 135 +/- 10 to 137 +/- 11 g/liter and from 129 +/- 11 to 131 +/- 10 g/liter and for serum iron from 14 +/- 6 to 14 +/- 5 mmol/liter and from 14 +/- 6 to 14 +/- 5 mmol/liter, in the males and females, respectively. The response to iron treatment varied considerably between different patients, because in some few patients serum ferritin decreased during the study and in some the increase was several-fold the initial value. The study shows that ferrous sulphate treatment is an effective and practical way to replenish the empty iron stores, estimated from serum ferritin concentrations, in patients after various gastrointestinal surgery and that concomitantly the blood hemoglobin and serum iron concentrations will increase.
Adult↗