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Biomedical subjects

E H Wender

Publications and source records attributed to E H Wender.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Pediatric residency training: ten years after the Task Force report.

A sample of 3000 pediatricians who had completed their residency training in 1978 or later were surveyed regarding the perception of the adequacy of their residency training in specific aspects of pediatric practice and in a number of subspecialty areas. The survey was almost identical with the one that formed the basis for the American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Pediatric Education report in 1978. The results revealed relatively little change in the high rates of perceived "insufficient training" in all the areas of pediatrics described as "underemphasized" in the Task Force report. However, those residents who received their training during the second half of the 10 years since the Task Force survey reported significant improvement in the previously underemphasized areas of developmental and behavioral pediatrics and adolescent medicine. Results also revealed a significant increase in the number of pediatricians who identify either a subspecialty interest or subspecialty practice in developmental or behavioral pediatrics. The increase in pediatric subspecialists and the improved training experience since 1984 indicate that the Task Force report may have had a positive impact on residency training in developmental and behavioral pediatrics.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1991

Effects of sugar on aggressive and inattentive behavior in children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and normal children.

Foods high in refined sugar are claimed to exacerbate hyperactivity and increase aggressive behavior. Controlled studies have failed to confirm any effect on hyperactivity and effects on inattention have been equivocal. Possible effect on aggressive behavior has received little study. This study assessed cognitive attention and aggressive behavior immediately following an acute ingestion of sugar compared with saccharin and aspartame-sweetened placebos in 17 subjects with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity compared with 9 age-matched control subjects. The sugar and placebo challenges were given with a breakfast high in carbohydrate. Although the children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity were significantly more aggressive than the control subjects, there were no significant effects of sugar or either placebo on the aggressive behavior of either group. However, inattention, as measured by a continuous performance task, increased only in the attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity group following sugar, but not saccharin or aspartame. This result is of questionable clinical significance inasmuch as aggressive behavior was unchanged. The finding may be due to the combination of the sugar challenge with a high-carbohydrate breakfast. These findings should be replicated and any possible clinical significance should be documented before any dietary recommendations can be made.

Aggression↗
PubMed1989

Does methylphenidate constrict cognitive functioning?

It has been suggested that stimulants enhance attention in children with (attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity) (ADDH) by producing a generalized constriction or "over-focusing." Such a phenomenon might be expected to adversely affect performance on tasks, such as those in the Wallach-Kogan (W-K) battery, which explicitly call for cognitive flexibility or "divergent thinking." Nineteen ADDH children, 6 to 10 years of age, were tested on two modified subtests of the W-K battery at baseline, following placebo, and following three different dosages (.3, .6 and 1.0 mg/kg) of methylphenidate. Contrary to the hypothesis, methylphenidate did not decrease but rather sustained output on the tests, which contrasted with a decline in productivity seen across nondrug days. Some ADDH subjects displayed particularly large increases in output following methylphenidate and may represent an atypical subgroup of children who became overaroused on medication.

Arousal↗
PubMed1988

Prevalence of hyperactivity among newly immigrated Chinese-American children.

There has been little research on the prevalence of hyperactivity among Chinese or Chinese-American children. We administered the 28-item Conners Teacher Rating Scale (TRS) to the teachers of recently immigrated Chinese-American children in grades one through six and obtained data on 282 children. The percentages of children scoring above the criterion score for hyperactivity were 8.76% (boys) and 1.72% (girls). These percentages are less than those reported for comparable samples from all other countries, except South Africa. A factor analysis of the TRS data revealed a factor structure that was largely similar to that reported by Conners, but with notable differences between boys and girls. The relative contributions of genetic and cultural factors to the etiology of hyperactivity are considered in a discussion of the prevalence data.

Asian↗
PubMed1977

Chronic nonspecific diarrhea. Behavioral aspects.

In an attempt to demonstrate an association between chronic nonspecific diarrhea and behavioral problems in young children, structured interviews were conducted to elicit from parents a detailed history of behavior from birth. Problems relating to sleep, crying and irritability, digestion (excluding diarrhea), activity, and discipline were significantly more frequent or severe in the group of 16 youngsters with chronic nonspecific diarrhea than in the control group of children with no symptoms of this disorder. Also more common in the index group were a definite family history of gastrointestinal problems and the presence of certain specific emotional responses.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1976

Behavioral characteristics of children with chronic nonspecific diarrhea.

The authors obtained early case histories of 16 children with chronic nonspecific diarrhea and 16 control subjects and found that the index subjects had a significantly higher frequency of sleep problems, crying and irritability, digestive problems excluding diarrhea, overactivity, resistance to discipline, and family history of gastrointestinal problems. They conclude that these behavioral characteristics represent temperamental traits based on physiological factors, perhaps an imbalance of autonomic nervous system function. They speculate that chronic nonspecific diarrhea may occur in association with certain temperamental traits because both the somatic and psychic components stem from a common disturbance in autonomic nervous system function.

Child Behavior Disorders↗