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Biomedical subjects

E Guardiola

Publications and source records attributed to E Guardiola.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[International diffusion of clinical trials carried out in Spain. An analysis based on their publication in scientific journals].

BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated the clinical trials carried out in Spain and published in international journals. The present study has analyzed this situation over the period from 1981 to 1990. METHODS: Spanish studies including "clinical trial" as a key word present in Excerpta Medica CD (Drugs and Pharmacology) or MEDLINE in the CD-ROM version were evaluated. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-one original articles were obtained. The number of clinical trials was relatively stable from 1981 to 1986 (n = 8.15) increasing to a maximum from 1986 to 1988 (n = 64) with a posterior decrease. The languages of publication were English (51%) and Spanish (49%). A significant increase was observed in the number of articles published in English (p < 0.01) in the last five years. Phase III and IV clinical trials were the most frequent (89%) followed by those of phase II (9%) and phase I (2%). The open design predominated in the phase III-IV trials (58%) over the double blind trials (37%) and the single blind trials (5%). Among the former 70% were comparative and 57% followed randomized treatments. The clinical trials were published in 112 journals, Medicina Clínica (n = 32) and Current Therapeutic Research Clinical and Experimental (n = 6) were the most frequently used in Spanish and English, respectively. Two hundred sixty-three drugs were studied in the clinical trials, cisplatin was the most frequently studied (n = 10). The most commonly studied pharmacologic groups were antiinfectious (n = 40) and cytostatic (n = 35). The number of randomized clinical trials increased significantly after 1986 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: An increase in the number of clinical trials published in international journals was observed with preference for publication in English. The growing presence of randomized double blind clinical trials suggests an improvement in the quality of the clinical trials performed in Spain, particularly after 1986.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1993

[Spanish scientific production on drug dependence].

BACKGROUND: The investigation of drug dependency has been strengthened in the last few years in Spain. One indicator of the scientific production in one area is constituted by the analysis of the studies included in data bases. METHODS: The Spanish publications in the field of drug dependency from 1985-1990 were reviewed. The references of studies published by Spanish authors collected in MEDLINE with Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) corresponding to Substance abuse or Substance dependence were selected. The following studies were collected a) those in which Spain was reported as the country of the author; b) published in Spanish journals; c) those in which Spain was indicated as the MeSH; b) and c) were not included if the publications did not correspond to Spanish authors. RESULTS: Three hundred thirty-one references were collected; 273 corresponded to Substance dependence and 58 to Substance abuse. The two themes most frequently studied were dependent on heroin (n = 99) and alcoholism (n = 94). Most studies were done in universities, mainly in schools of Medicine. Forty-three percent of the papers were signed by three or four authors. There were 1,044 authors; 844 (81%) authors published one article and 9 published seven or more. Twenty-three percent of the articles were published in 1988 and 20% in 1989. Three hundred thirty-one studies were published in 78 journals. Sixty percent of the journals published one article and 17% two. The journal which published the most articles were Medicina Clínica (n = 112), and Revista Clínica Española (n = 40). The foreign journal which published the most articles was Drug and Alcohol Dependence (n = 11). Twenty-nine articles were published in 7 of the journals with greatest impact factor in this area. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the tendency observed in other studies and indicate the increase in the quantity and quality of the Spanish publications on drug dependence.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical efficacy and tolerance to acarbose in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients].

BACKGROUND: Acarbose is a pseudotetrasacaride which reversibly and competitively inhibits the intestinal alpha-glycosidases leading to a decrease in the increase of postprandial glycemia. METHODS: A multicentric double-blind clinical trial (8 centers), controlled versus placebo, crossover and randomized was carried out in 90 non insulin dependent diabetic patients under treatment with diet or with diet and sulphonilureas. During the first three months of the trial the patients received placebo or acarbose randomly. Following one months of wash-out with placebo the patients received the inverse medication for 3 more months. During the first month of each phase the patients received 3 x 50 mg/day of acarbose or placebo and the following 2 months 3 x 100 mg/day. RESULTS: Upon comparison of the two treatments significant statistical differences were observed in HbA1 (p = 0.0115) and in postprandial glycemia (p = 0.0001). There were differences, although not significant, in the levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, fasting glycemia, and postprandial insulinemia. Episodes of hypoglycemia appeared in 12 patients and 57 patients referred undesirable gastrointestinal effects. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this trial indicate that acarbose may be useful in the treatment of non insulindependent diabetic patients since it significantly reduces the amount of postprandial glycemia and HbA1.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1992

[An analysis of Spanish biomedical journals by the impact factor].

BACKGROUND: One of the most frequently used parameters for evaluating scientific publications is that of impact factor (IF) published in the Science Citation Index-Journal Citation Reports (SCI-JCR) which evaluates the number of citations a journal receives on behalf of other journals. The present study analyzed the Spanish biomedical journals included in the SCI-JCR by the IF. METHODS: The IF were obtained from the SCI-JCR (1980-89). The journals were evaluated by the IF and the weighted impact factor (WIF) calculated according to WIF = (IF/MIF) x 100 in which MIF = maximum IF of the considered area. RESULTS: Nine Spanish biomedical journals were included in the SCI-JCR, four being basic sciences (Histology and Histopathology, Inmunología, Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Revista Española de Fisiología) and five clinical journals (Allergologia et Immunopathologia, Medicina Clínica, Nefrología, Revista Española de las Enfermedades del Aparato Digestivo, Revista Clínica Española). Their IF were much lower than the most important journals in each area with the mean (+/- standard deviation) being 0.21 +/- 0.22 (range 0.016-0.627). The mean WIF was 2.88 +/- 4.07 (0.16-12.82). The journals of basic sciences had higher IF and WIF than the clinical journals (p less than 0.05). Only the four journals of basic sciences were included in the SCI. Four journals, those of basic sciences, are preferentially or exclusively published in English and other five are published in Spanish. The differences in IF among these groups were not significant (p = 0.06) while those of WIF were significant (p less than 0.05). The number of Spanish biomedical journals in the SCI-JCR has risen from 1 in 1980 to 9 in 1989 with IF which have evolved variably. CONCLUSIONS: In mind of impact factor, the contribution of Spanish journals is low, with that of biomedical sciences being higher than that of clinical journals. Language and inclusion in the Science Citation Index may explain, at least in part, the low impact factors obtained.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of acarbose on glycemia and pancreatic hormone secretion induced by usual meals in Spain].

Acarbose is a pseudotetrasaccharide of bacterial origin which, in a competitive and reversible way, inhibits intestinal alphaglycosidase. Following such mechanism of action, carbohydrates are not split to monosaccharides and, therefore, cannot be absorbed as easily as in normal conditions. Controlled clinical trials have shown the therapeutic usefulness of Acarbose in the treatment of mon-insulin dependent as well as insulin dependent Diabetes, specially in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Acarbose when it is used in a diet with a time-schedule and calorie distribution typical of a Spanish environment. A cross-over simple-blind study design was followed, in which 8 healthy volunteers, with ages between 23 and 29 years, took at 8:30 a.m. a 530 Kcal breakfast (18% of the daily total), at 13:30 p.m. a 1.400 Kcal lunch (40%), and at 21:00 p.m. a 1.070 Kcal dinner (36%). Before each of the meals 100 mg of Acarbose (or placebo, following a randomized distribution) were administered, and blood samples were drawn-10, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes, in which glucose levels, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon were determined. When Acarbose was administered statistically significant differences in glycemia and insulin postprandial figures were observed. It is concluded that when Acarbose is administered at a 100 mg dose (t.i.d.) together with a diet with a typically spanish calorie distribution and time-schedule, it produces a significant lowering in the postprandial glucose and insulin raises.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acarbose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[International diffusion of the Spanish research on pain. Analysis of the period 1981-1990].

BACKGROUND: The significance of pain in medical practice has excited considerable interest among both practicing physicians and researchers. In Spain, interest in this field has come late. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the international dissemination of Spanish pain research during the period from 1981 through 1990. METHODS: All articles reporting research carried out in Spain and published during the period under study were collected and analyzed if they included the term "pain" as a keyword. The data bases used for collection were CD-ROM versions of Excerpta Medica CD Drugs & Pharmacology and MEDLINE: RESULTS: Articles considering pain to be a main topic numbered 228. Spanish contributions to the field tripled in the period studied. Half the articles were generated by either Anesthesia and Intensive Care or Pharmacology departments and were published mainly in REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION (51), Medicina Clínica (17) and Revista Clínica Española (10). Most of the published articles reported clinical research (192), particularly in the areas of cancer pain (29), trials (20), and postoperative (20), neurological (15) and joint (12) pain. Most (67.6%) were published in Spanish. Although most articles listed four or more authors, only 2.4% of the authors and 17.7% of the centers published more than three articles. Most studies were carried out in hospitals (69.1%) or universities (18.2%), principally in Catalonia (26.7%), Madrid (18.2%) and Andalusia (17%). CONCLUSIONS: In spite of increased research seen in recent years, the dissemination of Spanish science may be limited because of its publications mainly in Spanish. Research is scattered, with only a small number of authors following a continuous line of research.

Databases, Bibliographic↗