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Biomedical subjects

E Grossman

Publications and source records attributed to E Grossman.

232 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationships among facial emotion recognition, social skills, and quality of life.

Forty-six adults with mild or moderate mental retardation living in a large residential facility were administered the socialization domain of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, a subjective measure of quality of life, and a facial emotion recognition test. There were significant differences in accuracy of emotion recognition among specific emotions. However, the only significant correlate of facial emotion recognition was IQ. Possible relationships among facial emotion recognition and basic versus more subtle indices of socialization are explored.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The history of OSHA's asbestos rule makings and some distinctive approaches that they introduced for regulating occupational exposure to toxic substances.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has regulated occupational exposure to asbestos since 1971. Since issuing its first asbestos standard, OSHA has modified it several times in response to new information about the health risk of exposure and concern expressed by workers and public health groups. As each modification has reduced worker exposure and disease risk, each also has introduced new concepts including emphasis on ancillary provisions in standards regulating occupational exposure to toxic substances to enhance worker health; medical removal protection; two attempts at emergency temporary standards; use of historical and objective exposure data to assess worker exposure; the need to eliminate significant risk of disease posed by asbestos; and the presumption of hazard in absence of exposure information. These and other advances have affected all subsequent OSHA standards aimed at reducing occupational exposure to toxic substances.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childbirth education in 1980.

A questionnaire was developed to elicit information from childbirth educators regarding their preparation; their clients; their business arrangements; and their opinions on class content, national guidelines, and certification. From 776 questionnaires mailed, 238 usable responses were obtained. Persons of varing backgrounds enter childbirth education through a variety of routes, practice in a variety of settings, and use varied content. A majority agree that there is a need for national guidelines for preparation and content.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood pressure levels decrease during Mohs micrographic surgery.

BACKGROUND: A common practice is not to operate on patients with elevated blood pressure (BP) levels to avoid cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. We therefore designed a study to evaluate the effect of prolonged surgery under local anesthesia on BP levels, and to compare the outcome of patients with elevated BP to those with normal BP. METHODS: We studied 121 patients (65 males) with a mean age of 60 ++/-14 years (range 31-89) who were referred for Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) during 2 consecutive months. Forty six patients had a history of hypertension. Blood pressure was measured in all subjects in the supine position with an automated device 5 times during surgery. RESULTS: Blood pressure decreased significantly during surgery from 152 +/- 2/85 +/- 1 mm Hg at baseline to 139 +/- 2/79 +/- 1 at the end of the surgery (p < .05). Forty two patients (34%) had elevated BP levels at baseline whereas only 18 patients had these levels at the end of the first stage. There was no difference in surgery outcomes between those with elevated and those with normal BP levels at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Blood pressure levels decrease during MMS under local anesthesia and the outcome of patients with elevated BP is good. Thus, patients with elevated BP can safely undergo surgery under local anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mechanical devices versus antimicrobial rinses in plaque and gingivitis reduction.

The effectiveness of mechanical oral cleaning and oral antimicrobial rinses was compared for gingivitis and bacterial plaque control in 158 subjects. Teeth were brushed ad lib throughout; four of the five groups used either an interdental cleaner, dental floss, an essential oil mouthwash or a cetypyridinium mouthwash. Gingival bleeding (EIBI), visual inflammation (VGI), and tooth plaque coverage were evaluated at zero, six and 12 weeks of product use. After six weeks, bleeding reduction was 42% greater for the interdental cleaner and 21% greater for the dental floss than for the control. All groups showed a further decrease after 12 weeks, but only the 49% reduction of the interdental cleaner was significantly greater than the control. The rinses showed no more reduction in bleeding sites than the control throughout the study. VGI scores were no different from the control for any of the groups. However, the EIBI proved much more sensitive than the visual method finding three times as many inflamed sites. Plaque was reduced by both antimicrobial rinses 27% more than the control over 12 weeks; the interdental cleaner and dental floss groups showed no significant incremental plaque reductions. The results suggest antimicrobial rinses reduce plaque on visible tooth surfaces, but do not penetrate sufficiently between teeth to affect interdental plaque and thus interdental inflammation. However, by disturbing interdental plaque, both dental floss and the interdental cleaner have little effect on visible tooth surface plaque accumulation, yet produce a significant reduction in gingival inflammation.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Should a moratorium be placed on sublingual nifedipine capsules given for hypertensive emergencies and pseudoemergencies?

Over the past 2 decades, nifedipine in the form of capsules has become widely popular in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies. Unlike other agents, such as sodium nitroprusside, nicardipine hydrochloride, diazoxide, and nitroglycerin--which require intravenous administration and monitoring of blood pressure--nifedipine can be given orally, and close monitoring is said not to be necessary. Although administration of nifedipine capsules has been reported to be expedient and safe, it has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for labeling for treatment of hypertensive emergencies or of any other form of hypertension because of lack of outcome data. A review of the literature revealed reports of serious adverse effects such as cerebrovascular ischemia, stroke, numerous instances of severe hypotension, acute myocardial infarction, conduction disturbances, fetal distress, and death. Sublingual absorption of nifedipine has been found to be poor; most of the drug is absorbed by the intestinal mucosa. Given the seriousness of the reported adverse events and the lack of any clinical documentation attesting to a benefit, the use of nifedipine capsules for hypertensive emergencies and pseudoemergencies should be abandoned.

Administration, Sublingual↗