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Biomedical subjects

E Griez

Publications and source records attributed to E Griez.

69 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Experimental models of anxiety. Problems and perspectives.

In a brief review of the field of experimental psychopathology, the author observes that few adequate laboratory models of anxiety have been produced. Criteria to set up valid anxiety models are discussed. The carbon dioxide inhalation technique, an anxiomimetic intervention, is then proposed as a new human panic attack model and compared to the existing lactate infusion method. Both appear as promising agents in the experimental study of panic anxiety.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Carbon dioxide and anxiety: cardiovascular effects of a single inhalation.

It is argued that inhalations of carbon dioxide oxygen (CO2/O2) mixtures might be useful in the treatment of "fear of fear". Since it has been reported that CO2 produces sensations that are usually associated with anxiety, it might be used as an exposure agent for phobophobics. To find out if, and in what way, CO2 produces anxiety-like reactions, the effects of a single inhalation on the cardiovascular system was studied. It was found that responses are largely sympathomimetic.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of phobophobia by exposure to CO2-induced anxiety symptoms.

It is argued that fear of fear, or phobophobia, can be an important maintaining factor in cases of seemingly free-floating anxiety with periodic panic attacks and that effective treatment consists of exposure to the feared neurovegetative sensations. The case history presented suggests that inhalation of CO2-O2 mixtures induces the phobic interoceptive sensations and that it can be used in the exposure treatment of phobophobia.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Unexpected effect of repetition of imaged behavior].

In order to examine the efficiency of covert behavior rehearsal, 33 subjects, randomly assigned to three groups, were submitted to a task in a social condition. To reduce the stress-induced anxiety, the participants of the first group had been prepare by covert behavior rehearsal in a relaxed condition. Those of the second group received only relaxation and the third group had no preparation at all. The behavior rehearsal had no positive effect on the efficacy of the task execution. Moreover, a negative influence appeared. The results are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of carbon dioxide-oxygen inhalations on subjective anxiety and some neurovegetative parameters.

The immediate effects of double inhalations of a 35% CO2-65% O2 mixture were studied on 12 subjects, all of them undergraduate students. For placebo control double inhalations of compressed air were administered to the same experimental subjects. In comparison, CO2/O2 inhalations were found to provoke significantly stronger autonomic reactions, viz, drops in heart rate and diastolic blood pressure. Reduction in subjective feeling of anxiety was observed with both CO2/O2 and air intake. On this parameter of subjective feeling the order in which the treatments were received interacted with the gas variable, i.e. CO2/O2 and air. The occurrence of a carry-over effect was indicated: Subjects having taken the placebo before CO2/O2 showed lower SUD scores than did those treated reversely.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1982

Cognitive factors in carbon dioxide therapy.

The effects of CO2 inhalation on subjective state, heart rate and blood pressure were studied in two differently instructed groups, with use of air for placebo. Participants who were told that inhalation would produce a state of pleasant relaxation reported a statistically significant, confirming change when administered CO2, whereas air was found not to alter the subjective state appreciably. Those who had expected unpleasant feelings of tension did show a non-significant change in this respect after CO2 inhalation and no such reaction at all to the placebo. Heart rate and diastolic blood pressure dropped significantly after CO2 intake. Surprisingly, participants were subject to a significant decrease in heart rate upon inhalation of air when relaxation was expected. Finally, a number of theoretical inferences are made and the role of cognitive processes in the clinical use of CO2 therapy is underscored.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1982

Cardiovascular and subjective responses to inhalation of carbon dioxide. A controlled test with anxious patients.

Cardiovascular and subjective responses to inhalation of a 35% CO2 mixture were studied in a sample of anxious neurotics. Inhalation of air was used as a placebo control treatment. In comparison with the inhalation of air, CO2 produced a significant drop in diastolic blood pressure. A drop in heart rate frequency was observed both after inhalation of CO2 and air. CO2 inhalation did not produce an average decline in subjective feelings of distress. Explanations of these data are offered and they are compared with earlier findings. Some speculations are made on the clinical usefulness of CO2 inhalation in the treatment of anxious neurotics.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of low pulmonary CO2 on panic anxiety.

In order to investigate the possible role of hyperventilation in the pathogenesis of panic, 11 panic patients and eight normal controls underwent a hyperventilation provocation test. The word "hyperventilation" itself was not used; the subjects were told the test was meant to measure the amount of carbon dioxide in their expired air. End tidal pCO2 was reduced to less than half of its initial value, resulting in a significant increase in physical symptoms, both in patients and controls. However, there proved to be no significant increase in subjective anxiety. It is suggested, that hypocarbia alone is not sufficient to provoke anxiety in panic disorder patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acid-base balance in real life panic.

A case of naturally occurring panic attack is described. Blood gas analysis was performed during and after the attack and compared with the baseline values in the same patient. The possible significance of the observed shifts is discussed.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS); changes in scores as a function of training and version used.

The co-existence of different versions of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) may introduce a source of error in depression research. In a training procedure, based on 16 videotapes, over 900 scores were used to investigate differences between two prominent versions. The HDRS published by Bech et al. in 1986 produced significantly lower total scores than the original HDRS presented by Hamilton in 1960. Previous experience of the raters, both in psychiatry and in the use of the scale, increased the scores in a nonsignificant way. During the training raters' scores increased significantly. These effects were small, one point each in the total scores, but they were consistent throughout our material. In depression research, training procedures and the exact version of the scales used should be specified.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serotonin in panic anxiety.

Disorders in serotonin transmission and/or metabolism are associated with various psychiatric diseases. In recent years evidence has emerged that serotonin may play a role in the pathogenesis of panic disorder. After an introduction into basic physiology, this evidence is reviewed. The possible meaning of these data is discussed in the context of some recent human experimental models of panic.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experimental induction of anxiety. The case of carbon dioxide].

This paper reviews recent developments in the experimental approach to panic anxiety. Inhalation of carbon dioxide appears to trigger panic attacks in panic disorder patients and agoraphobics. The biological and psychopathological implications of this finding are discussed in the light of recent data on experimental pharmacology of anxiety.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Some remarks on the nosology of anxiety states and panic disorders.

It is argued that the panic attacks characteristic of anxiety neurosis may be elicited by interoceptive stimuli. The feared sensations are usually associated with anxiety and anxiety neurosis can be conceptualised as a phobophobia. Behavioral research and theory suggest that exposure to the feared interoceptive sensations is the treatment of choice for phobophobics. Reports of successful interventions are discussed.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical effects of fluvoxamine on panic symptomatology.

In a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled cross-over design trial, the effects of a 4 week fluvoxamine versus a 4 week placebo treatment regimen on panic symptomatology were studied. Fluvoxamine seems to have specific antipanic properties, as a significant decrease in the number of panic attacks was observed. Other components of the disorder, like free-floating anxiety and avoidance behavior were not influenced during the short 4 week treatment period.

Adult↗