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Biomedical subjects

E Grandjean

Publications and source records attributed to E Grandjean.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Passive smoking].

Passive smoking is the involuntary inspiration of smoky indoor air. Based on the information available today, it may be assumed that passive smoking normally is no health hazard as far as the classical smoker's diseases (lung cancer, myocardial infarct, etc.) are concerned. Nevertheless, it is probable that irritations caused by tobacco smoke have an unfavorable influence on the health of small children and that of already sick persons. The main problem of passive smoking is annoyance due to odor and irritations of eyes and respiratory organs. Our investigations in a climatic chamber with healthy subjects show that air pollution caused by tobacco smoke as indicated by 5 ppm CO leads to marked eye irritations--objectively as well as subjectively--in 15 to 20% of the subjects. This corresponds to smoking 10 cigarettes per hour in a small room with an air ventilation rate of four times per hour. If air pollution caused by tobacco smoke lies below the level of 2 ppm CO, irritations and annoyance for healthy persons are regarded as low and tolerable. This corresponds to about four cigarettes per hour under the same circumstances.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Management of the work place. Erogonomics and occupational medicine for the benefit of prevention].

Between the state of well-being and that of illness, an intermediary state often occurs, characterized by feelings of uneasiness, fatigue and pains. The study of these intermediary states in function of the work load (posture, noises, heat, etc.) constitutes an important feature of ergonomics. In this study we present the results of two polls showing pains due to inappropriate postures. Many observations of occupational medicine lead us to believe that pathological troubles of rheumatic order (arthritis, periathritis, tendinitis, myalgias, arthroses) can appear as a result of inappropriate postures and repetitive movements over a number of years. Thus, the ergonomic analysis of the work place can help to determine the risk of illness.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1978

[Noise protection at the Autobahn N 3--case study].

This study deals with the actual and the future noise situation along a highway over a distance of 3,5 km. Three alternatives for noise protection measures, their efficiency and their costs are proposed.

Automobile Driving↗
PubMed1977

Ergonomics of posture--review of various problems of standing and sitting posture.

Medical and ergonomic field studies indicate that bad standing and sitting postures are sometimes accompanied by pains in muscle and connective tissues of tendons, joint capsules and ligaments. There is evidence that such pains can become the symptoms of chronic diseases attributed to rheumatic disorders. Recent orthopaedic research revealed that inadequate standing and sitting postures provoke excessive increases of intradiscal pressure. These orthopaedic findings, together with ergonomic investigations on sitting behaviour and somatic troubles, provide good bases for the construction of rest chairs and work seats.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1976

Irritating effects on man of air pollution due to cigarette smoke.

Sixty subjects were exposed to cigaretts smoke produced by a smoking machine in a climatic chamber. The irritating effects were recorded by questionnaire and related to concentrations of CO, formaldehyde, and acroleine. The eyes are most sensitive to these irritants, followed by the nose. Annoyance about air quality, and the desire to open the window or to leave the room proved to be other useful measures of sensitivity. With smoke produced by 10 cigarettes/30 m3 acroleine reaches 0.1 ppm, the threshold limit value for industries; simultaneously, CO and formaldehyde exceed the clean air standards for outdoor air. At this exposure level. 9 per cent of the subjects show a strong or very strong eye irritation, while 78 per cent "wish to leave the room." The most important of the measured irritants seems to be acroleine.

Acrolein↗
PubMed1973

Noise in landscaped offices.

This paper deals with one part - noise and its disturbing effect - of an extensive study carried out in 15 landscaped offices in Switzerland. After an explanation of the method of noise measurement, the authors consider the results of a questionnaire which examined annoyance, sources of noise, ability to concentrate, and causes of distractions. A statistical analysis was carried out on the relationship between noise effects and the room data.

Journal Article↗