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Biomedical subjects

E Glassman

Publications and source records attributed to E Glassman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Prolapse of the mitral valve: clinical spectrum and coronary arterial distribution.

Coronary angiograms were reviewed in 31 patients with idiopathic prolapse of the posterior mitral leaflet. There were 19 males and 12 females, ranging in age from 33 to 69. The coronary artery which supplied the posterior descending branch was designated as dominant. There were 27 dominant right coronary arteries and 4 dominant left coronary arteries. Attention was paid to whether the origin of the vessel which courses in the posterior atrioventricular groove branch was from the right coronary artery or the left circumflex. In the dominant right coronary artery group, the arterioventricular groove branch arose from the right coronary artery alone in 6 and from the left circumflex alone in 1 patient, and in 20 patients, from both. In the dominant left coronary artery group, the atrioventricular groove branch arose from the left coronary artery in all 4 patients. The frequency of dominant right coronary artery and left coronary and the origin of the atrioventricular groove branch did not differ in the patients with prolapse of the mitral valve from a control group of 30 patients similarly analyzed. In all instances, the atrioventricular groove branch arose from either the right coronary artery ro the left circumflex, or both. In no case was the arterioventricular groove branch totally absent. The results of this investigation do not support the thesis, previously advanced by others, that prolapse of the mitral valve is related to absence of the left circumflex coronary artery, but indicate a normal range of variation in coronary arterial distribution.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Pseudocoarctation and mid-arch aortic coarctation.

A 21-year-old woman was found to have a mid-arch aortic coarctation in combination with pseudocoarctation. The angiographic disgnosis was established by left atrial injection after transseptal puncture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Effects of intravenous glucose during pacing-induced angina pectoris in patients with coronary artery disease.

The effects of hypertonic glucose infusion on the anginal threshold determined by atrial pacing was studied in 14 patients with significant coronary artery disease. After glucose, angina occurred at a significantly lower heart rate and double product (systolic arterial pressure x heart rate), suggesting a decreased tolerance to ischemic stress. No stoichiometric relationship was noted between glucose uptake and lactate production, and there was no evidence that hypertonic glucose infusion resulted in enhanced anaerobic glycolysis in the ischemic myocardium. Acute elevation of plasma glucose levels may not be beneficial to patients with coronary artery disease.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1976

The clinical and angiographic spectrum of isolated, nondominant, left circumflex coronary disease.

Sixteen of 994 patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease and dominant right coronary arteries had isolated left circumflex obstruction. Of these, 6 patients had significant (75%) narrowing in the main circumflex, 10 in 1 or the marginal branches and 1 in the atrioventricular groove branch. Angina was mild in 5, moderate to severe in 8, and unstable in 1. Four patients had prior myocardial infarction (MI), and 1 had a recent MI complicated by posterior papillary muscle rupture. The EKG was normal in 5, showed an MI in 2, LBBB in 1, RBBB in 2, ST-T wave changes in 3, LVH in 2, and atrial fibrillation in 2. Left ventricular angiography performed in the right anterior oblique projection revealed normal contraction in 9 patients, apical hypokinesis in 4, posterobasal hypokinesis in 1, and diffuse hypokinesis in 2. The left ventribular end diastolic pressure was normal in 11 patients and elevated in 5. The cardiac index was normal in 12 patients and reduced in 2. Isolated, nondominant, left circumflex coronary disease is an uncommon entity in symptomatic patients. However, when present, it may produce significant clinical and hemodynamic impairment.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Patent ductus arteriosus in adult patients with aortic valvular disease: the importance of routine screening for a left-to-right shunt at cardiac catheterization.

Two patients, catheterized primarily for the preoperative assessment of clinically apparent aortic stenosis and insufficiency, were found to have a patent ductus arteriosus as well at cardiac catheterization. The association of aortic valve disease and patent ductus arteriosus is reviewed, and the importance of making the diagnosis prior to aortic valve replacement is stressed, emphasizing the routine use of the hydrogenplatinum electrode system.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1975

Nutritional control of xanthine dehydrogenase. II. Effects on xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase of culturing wild-type and mutant Drosophila on different levels of molybdenum.

Two new mutants, deficient in aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, have been isolated from a wild-type stock of Drosophila melanogaster and have been provisionally termed lxd-c and lxd-d, respectively, as both mutants appear to be allelic with lxd (low xanthine dehydrogenase). An analysis has been made of the effects of dietary molybdenum on lxd, lxd-c, lxd-d, lao (low aldehyde oxidase), mal (maroon-like eye color), and pac (Pacific) wild-type flies. On the lower dietary levels of 10(-3) M and 10(-2) M molybdenum, increases in specific activity of both enzymes were observed only in lxd. Furthermore, two- to three-fold increases in specific activity of both enzymes occurred in all strains, except mal, when cultured on 5 x 10(-2) M molybdenum. The lxd and lxd-c strains failed to survive on this high concentration of the ion. Similar concentrations of molybdenum had no effect in vitro. An extra electrophoretic band of xanthine dehydrogenase was observed on polyacrylamide gel from extracts of wild-type flies cultured on certain levels of molybdenum, but its appearance was not always correlated with the increases in specific activity.

Aldehyde Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1975

Arrhythmias following cardiac surgery: relation to serum digoxin levels.

Arrhythmias were analyzed in 50 patients undergoing cardiac surgery: 27 with valve surgery, 15 with coronary artery bypass (CAB), 5 with CAB and valve surgery, and 3 with miscellaneous procedures. The role of electrolyte abnormalities, pericarditis, serum osmolarity, digoxin level, and the type of surgery performed was evaluated. Thirty-seven out of 50 patients (74 per cent) had a postoperative arrhythmia, and a total of 78 different arrhythmias were noted. Twenty-six out of 27 patients with valve surgery had an arrhythmia vs. six out of 15 patients with CAB (p less than 0.001). Atrial fibrillation was the most common arrhythmia in all groups. Although postoperative hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, pericarditis, and wide shifts in osmolarity were common, they did not correlate with arrhythmias. Seventeen patients developed postoperative arrhythmias compatible with digitalis toxicity, including junctional rhythm, atrioventricular dissociation, or atrial tachycardia with block. However, the range of serum digoxin levels in these patients was zero to 2.80 ng. per milliliter. This suggests increased sensitivity to digitalis glycosides or the effects of surgical trauma as the etiology of arrhythmia in many patients. The distinction between digitalis-induced arrhythmia and spontaneously occurring arrhythmia cannot be made with certainty in most postoperative patients. Therapy should reflect an awareness of the potential for postoperative digitoxicity.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1975

Long-term survival following coronary bypass surgery in patients with significant impairment of left ventricular function.

To assess the influence of coronary revascularization on the long-term survival of patients with debilitating angina and significant impairment of left ventricular function, analysis was done of 62 consecutive patients with severe angina and hypokinetic left ventricles (LVED larger than or equal to 20) undergoing coronary bypass at N.Y.U. Medical Center between January, 1971 and May 1974. Follow-up was 98% complete, range 4 to 41 months with a mean of 23 months. Multiple bypasses were done in 94% of the group; a left-ventricular scar was excised in 16%. There were six operative deaths (mortality 9.7%) and three late deaths, all within eight months after operation. Angina was either absent or substantially improved in 90% of surviving patients. Life-table analysis shows a two-year survival of 85%, very similar to the survival rate for patients with good ventricular function. Hence, with current techniques impaired ventricular function is not a major contraindication to bypass grafting.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A method of closed-chest cannulation of the left atrium for left atrial-femoral artery bypass.

A large-bore polyvinyl catheter was devised for passage into the left atrium by means of a modified transseptal catheterization technique. This was performed without difficulty using both pulsatile and nonpulsatile bypass in the closed-chest animal as well as in 3 terminally ill patients. Blood was drained from the left atrium and returned to the femoral artery through an extracorporeal circuit. The shock syndrome produced by coronary embolization in dogs was successfully managed in this fashion. The results of the clinical trials were encouraging. Assisted left heart circulation using a closed-chest left atrial-femoral artery bypass seems feasible by this technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Effect of sensory stimulation on the uptake and incorporation of radioactive lysine into protein of mouse brain and liver.

Alterations in incorporation of tritiated lysine into protein of mouse brain and liver were observed following brief exposure to a variety of sensory stimuli. During a 15-min session, subjects were trained to perform a one-way active avoidance response or else were exposed to one of the stimulus components of the situation, including shocks, buzzers, lights, handling, and the apparatus alone. Twenty min after these behavioral treatments, tritiated lysine was injected subcutaneously, and its incorporation into total protein during a 10-min pulse was measured. Quiet mice, undisturbed until injection of the precursor, constituted the baseline group for biochemical comparisons. Most behavioral treatments increased the total amount of radioactivity in brain and liver. The treatments increased the incorporation of radioactivity into protein of both organs even more, thereby producing elevations of relative radioactivity (RR) of protein, a measure of the amount of radioactivity incorporated into protein relative to that in the acid-soluble pools. The RR increases following most of the behavioral experiences were approximately equal; however, exposure to lights or to the apparatus were less effective than the other treatments in eliciting these metabolic changes. The responses were greatly diminished in mice previously exposed to the treatments. Thus, the effectiveness of a stimulus in producing these metabolic alterations may depend upon its apparent magnitude and its novelty. The total radioactivity increases were larger in brain than in liver, while the RR increases were smaller in brain than in liver. Brain RR increases were of equal magnitude when the precursor was injected 5, 20, or 35 min after behavioral treatment, whereas the liver RR responses declined markedly over this period. Despite these differences, strong positive correlations between brain and liver across the various behavioral treatments existed. The RR changes occurred about equally in the cerebellum-brain stem, basal ganglia, hippocampus-septum, and ventral cortex, while the thalamus-hypothalamus and dorsal cortex showed smaller differences.

Animals↗