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Biomedical subjects

E Glaser

Publications and source records attributed to E Glaser.

83 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Biomarker assays in nipple aspirate fluid.

The noninvasive technique of nipple aspiration as a potential source of biomarkers of breast cancer risk was evaluated. The feasibility of performing mutagenesis assays, amplifying DNA, and performing protein electrophoresis on nipple aspirate fluid was explored. A tool was developed to measure the level of discomfort, if any, from this procedure. Twenty-five healthy women (20 premenopausal and 5 postmenopausal) were enrolled. Fluid was obtained using a modified breast pump. Premenopausal women were scheduled for four to six weekly aspirations, and postmenopausal women were scheduled for one to two weekly aspirations. Mutagenesis assays were performed using the Salmonella (Ames) assay. DNA amplification of several microsatellite regions was carried out using polymerase chain reaction. Protein was quantified, and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis was performed. Overall, fluid was obtained from 80% of the women, and the level of discomfort was minimal. Acid hydrolysis of one sample resulted in mutagenicity; all six nonhydrolyzed samples were not mutagenic. The ability to amplify DNA ranged from 34% to 96%, depending on length of the microsatellite region examined. The average protein concentration was 71 microg/mL. Two-dimensional protein electrophoresis was successfully performed on samples from two subjects. Nipple aspiration is a simple technique and is easily learned and well tolerated, which yields a reagent useful for a variety of investigations. This technique may facilitate the identification and application of biomarkers for future breast cancer risk assessment and chemopreventive protocols.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamic versus static compliance of the carotid artery in living Wistar-Kyoto rats.

Arteries, when they are subjected in vitro to cyclic loading and unloading, are reported to be stiffer than in static conditions and to be poorly influenced by changes in vasomotor tone. However, such parameters have never been studied in living animals. This study used very high resolution echotracking technics to evaluate pulsatile changes of carotid blood pressure and diameter and the resulting dynamic pressure-cross-sectional (CSA) curve in anesthetized Wistar-Kyoto rats before and following changes of arteriolar vasomotor tone produced by vasoconstrictive [phenylephrine, L-NG nitro-arginine (LNA)] or vasodilating (hydralazine, nitroprusside) agents. Phenylephrine and LNA caused a progressive upward shift of the pressure-CSA curve toward significantly higher values of mean blood pressure and diameter. Since the two vasoconstrictive agents produced exactly the same arterial hemodynamic pattern, their effects may be considered as 'passive', i.e. predominantly due to the mechanical effect of pressure distension. From this observation, a simple model was validated, permitting evaluation in vivo of the passive static properties of the pressure-CSA curve from the relationship between mean arterial diameter and mean arterial pressure at the various steady states produced by the two vasoconstrictive agents. This static relationship had a significantly steeper slope than the corresponding dynamic relationships determined for the same steady-state mean arterial pressures. With hydralazine, a downward shift of the pulsatile pressure-CSA curve was obtained, with exactly the same characteristics as for phenylephrine and LNA, but within lower ranges of blood pressure and with a corresponding decrease in arterial diameter. In contrast, nitroprusside shifted the pulsatile pressure diameter curve toward both lower values of blood pressure and higher values of arterial diameter, thus indicating an active change in arterial tone. At any given value of mean blood pressure and arterial diameter, operational pulsatile compliance was significantly higher with sodium nitroprusside than with hydralazine. This study provides evidence that in living rats (1) the described static carotid pressure-diameter curve has a significantly steeper slope than the corresponding dynamic curve for the same mean arterial pressure, (2) for the same mean arterial pressure and diameter, sodium nitroprusside has a significantly higher dynamic compliance than hydralazine, implicating the role of nonhemodynamic factors in the stiffness of changes, and (3) vasomotor tone influences markedly the dynamic pressure-diameter (or CSA) curve within intermediate and lower blood pressure ranges through active mechanisms involving the GMP cyclic pathway.

Animals↗