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Biomedical subjects

E Gjone

Publications and source records attributed to E Gjone.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity in hypophysectomized rats.

Hypophysectomy in rats induces a decrease in VLDL and HDL and an increase in LDL. To investigate the importance of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) for these changes, plasma LCAT activity was determined, both according to the methods of Stokke-Norum and Glomset-Wright. Plasma LCAT activity as assessed by both these methods decreased significantly after hypophysectomy, indicating a reduction in plasma enzyme concentration. Plasma total and free cholesterol increased slightly, while the concentration of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides remained unchanged. Blood sugar and FFA decreased. The osmotic resistance of the red cells was increased, and target cells were seen. There was a decrease in blood haemoglobin and haematocrit. Serum total protein concentration, electrophoresis, and plasma ALAT activity did not change. The observed changes in lipoproteins and LCAT following hypophysectomy can be partly explained by decreased liver secretion of both LCAT and VLDL. Because of the complex relationship between lipoproteins and LCAT, no clear-cut conclusions about the association between decreased HDL and LCAT can be drawn. The precise hormonal mechanisms controlling LCAT activity and lipoprotein metabolism remain to be solved.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency. Further studies on plasma lipoproteins and plasma postheparin lipase activity of a patient with normal renal function.

Plasma lipoproteins and postheparin plasma were investigated in a patient with familial LCAT deficiency with normal renal function and without proteinuria. As revealed by gelfiltration the large molecular weight LDL2 was not present, and myelin structures were not found in LDL1 or LDL2 when she was on her ordinary diet. After 60--65% fat diet for one week the large molecular LDL2 was found, but only in low concentration. We have no explanation for the difference in the lipoprotein abnormalities of this patient and others with this disease. There is no major difference in the fat content in the ordinary diet of the Norwegian patients with familial LCAT deficiency, nor has our patient any clinical signs of malabsorption. Furthermore, there was no difference in lipoprotein lipase or hepatic lipase activity in postheparin plasma between our patient and others with the same disease. However, whereas hepatic lipase activity was within the reference values, lipoprotein lipase activity was rather low in all patients investigated. We suggest that impaired VLDL catabolism in plasma, because of LCAT deficiency and low lipoprotein lipase activity, may partly explain the low HDL concentration consistently found in patients with familial LCAT deficiency.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Plasma lipoprotein alterations and morphologic changes with lipid deposition in the kidney of patients with hepatorenal syndrome.

Four patients with advanced liver disease and progressive renal failure compatible with the diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome have been studied. All four patients had low lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity in plasma, and the concentration of cholesteryl esters was markedly reduced. The main lipoprotein classes were abnormal with an increased content of polar lipids. Electron microscopy of negatively stained lipoproteins from two of the patients (H.K. and I.A.) revealed large particles with layered membranes (700 to 2000 A in diameter) corresponding to the large molecular weight fraction of the low density lipoproteins. These structures were not present in the low density lipoproteins from the other two patients. In the renal biopsy from H.K. and in the necropsy specimen from I.A. deposition of osmophilic material was found in the glomeruli (especially located subendothelially), in the basement membrane, and in the mesangial regions. The deposits were similar to those we have previously described in patients with familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency and most probably represent cholesterol and phospholipids. It is suggested that the renal deposition of lipid may be related to the large molecular weight low density lipoprotein fraction and that the mechanisms involved in this lipid deposition are similar to those occurring in familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Bile acids measured in serum during fasting as a test for liver disease.

Total serum bile acids were estimated by an enzymic (3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) method in 173 fasting patients with different liver diseases, classified into 17 groups by morphological criteria. The results were not highly correlated with those for any of the other 24 tests included in the study, but moderate correlations were observed with bilirubin or alanine aminotransferase (positive) and with prealbumin (negative) in a few patient groups. The sensitivity of total bile acids in serum of fasting individuals as a liver-function test was rather high, comparable with that of serum enzymes. When discriminant analysis was used to identify optimal combinations of tests for the separation of different groups of liver diseases, we found that data on serum bile acids added some new information to that carried by the other 24 tests.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1977

Studies on the pre-alpha-lipoprotein in patients with familial lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency.

The present study shows that regular alpha1- and pre-alpha-lipoproteins cannot be detected in serum of patients with familial lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency. After electrophoresis on agarose gel only one single band of albumin mobility was observed in the alpha1-pre-alpha-region. In contrast to sera of normal subjects neither the anodic front nor the cathodic part of this region revealed any lipoprotein bands in the patients studied. The lack of the cathodic part might be related to a low amount of alpha1-lipoprotein. The apparent lack of the anodic front could be related to a low amount of "albumin-Apo-A-I-containing lipoprotein" (AAL). AAL was not detected with conventional methods in LCAT deficient sera. The alpha1-lipoprotein was made up of two immunologically identical peaks, both of which had a Sudanophilic character. After incubation of lysolecithin with albumin and AAL and subsequent thin layer chromatography, a significant lysolecithin-binding capacity of AAL was demonstrated, superior to that possessed by albumin.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1977

Renal failure in familial lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency.

Familial lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency is a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism. Lipid material is deposited in the kidneys, the glomerular capillary basement membrane is irregularly thickened, detachment and even loss of endothelial cells are seen in the glomeruli. Proteinuria was present in 8 out of 9 cases studied, usually it has not been detected before the age of 15-20. After 15-30 years with symptomless proteinuria, terminal renal failure has developed in 6 of the patients. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the renal damage is discussed; a large-molecular-weight low-density lipoprotein is suggested to be an important factor.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1977

Marital status and sexual adjustment after colectomy. Results in 178 patients operated on for ulcerative colitis.

The frequency of marriage and divorce did not differ from that of the general population. Female ileostomists married less often than females with ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) and had reduced fertility. Genital functional disturbance was not reported by the IRA males but occurred in 8 of 52 male ileostomists below 50. The coital activity, however, seemed undisturbed except for one married male. Dyspareunia was experienced by 8 of 15 IRA females aged 16-49 and intercourse triggered precipitancy in 2 of them. In a similar group of ileostomists only 5 of 50 had occasional dyspareunia. The coital practice and frequency in married patients did not seem to differ from a general population. Premarital activity seemed low in ileostomists of either sex. This as well as the low marriage rate in females may be ascribed to the psychological effects of a stoma and an appliance with contents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Studies on the pre-alpha-lipoprotein of human serum. II. Evidence for the presence of an albumin-apo-A-I complex.

By combined column affinity chromatography and preparative electrophoresis, a lipoprotein was isolated from the electrophoretically defined pre-alpha-region. The isolated fraction, designated Fraction II1, demonstrated one band after electrophoresis in agarose, in polyacrylamide, and in sodium dodecylsulphate containing polyacrylamid. Double diffusion experiments disclosed the presence of albumin and apolipoprotein-A-I within the fraction. After reduction with mercaptoethanol and subsequent electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulphate containing polyacrylamide gel, two bands appeared. One of the bands had an electrophoretic mobility similar to albumin monomer (mol.wt 67,000), the other had the same electrophoretic mobility as apolipoprotein-A-I with a mol.wt of 28,400. It is suggested that Fraction II1 contains an albumin-apolipoprotein-A-I complex.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1977

Serum immunoglobulins and organ non-specific antibodies in diseases of the liver.

Serum immunoglobulins and C3 levels, auto-antibodies to smooth muscle (SMA), mitochondria (MA), and nuclei (ANA), rheumatoid factors (RF), HB-antigen and HB-antibody were studied in 9 groups of liver disease. Hypergammaglobulinaemia was a prominent feature in most groups, IgG being particularly raised in active chronic hepatitis, IgM in primary biliary cirrhosis, and IgA in alcoholic liver disease, respectively. IgE was often increased in alcoholic liver disease and was frequently low in hepatic tumours, whereas IgD showed no typical pattern in any liver disorder. SMA was most frequently found in active chronic hepatitis (68%), and MA in primary biliary cirrhosis (58%), while ANA was detected in 50% of the patients with active chronic hepatitis. However, a pronounced over-lap of tissue antibodies was observed among the various groups of liver disease, particularly in active chronic hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. The concurrent presence of SMA and ANA was most frequent in active chronic hepatitis. It was not excluded that antibody titres might have provided better diagnostic discrimination, since titration of antibodies was not performed. Low C3 levels in active chronic hepatitis were correlated with low levels of other liver-synthetized proteins, and no evidence was found of increased consumption by immunologic reactions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Immunoglobulins in jejunal mucosa and serum from patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.

The quantitative distribution of immunoglobulin-(Ig)-producing cells of the major classes was determined by paired immunohistochemistry in the proximal jejunal mucosa of 29 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH). The specimens were categorized stereomicroscopically in three groups. Compared with controls, the total number of Ig-producing cells in a defined "mucosal tissue unit" was for group I (normal or minor abnormality) found to be raised by a factor of 1.4, but the class ratios remained normal. In group II (major abnormality) the total immunocyte number was raised 2.6 times; IgA, IgM, and IgG cells showed a 2.4-, 3.5-, and 5.1-fold increase, respectively. Group II (intermediate abnormality) fell between the two other groups with regard to changes in the immunocyte population. Altogether the local immunocyte pattern was very similar to that previously found in coeliac disease (CD) specimens of comparable mucosal abnormalities. IgD cells were few, and showed no increase compared with controls. Also IgE cells were few, but were encountered more frequently than in controls. As in CD, staining for extracellular Ig in the lamina propria tended to be more intense than in controls. Normal or increased staining for SC, IgA and IgM in the crypt epithelium indicated a normal external transfer of these components. DH differed from DC in showing no significant rise in the level of serum IgA. Serum IgM was reduced in group III, and IgG was increased in group I.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Protectomy in ulcerative colitis. Results in 143 patients.

Secondary protectomy caused only one death in 59 patients while 10 deaths in the other 84 patients could be ascribed to simultaneous procedures such as colectomy. The perineal would was closed round a drainage tube. Healing was unrelated to age, primary or later protectomy, and corticosteroid medication. Mean healing time was significantly shorter in females (5.5 months) than in males (6.7 months). Only 50% of the patients reported healing in 6 months, and 20% still had an open wound at follow-up. These facts suggest that the present method should be altered. Healing seemed to follow an exponential curve, a trend which could be broken by revision, which was successful in 14 of 25 cases. Non-absorbable material, probably originating from ligatures on the superior hemorrhoidal vessels, was the apparent cause of sinus in 5 cases at least. Low as opposed to high ligation gives a long vascular pedicle, which may descend with its ligatures. This may explain the slower healing after protectomy for ulcerative colitis than for cancer.

Abscess↗