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Biomedical subjects

E Geller

Publications and source records attributed to E Geller.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Herpes encephalitis during pregnancy: failure of acyclovir and adenine arabinoside to prevent neonatal herpes.

A gravid woman with herpes Type II encephalitis delivered an infant with herpes neonatorum despite therapy with acyclovir. Acyclovir was not measurable in the baby's serum 10 h after birth. The viral isolate was sensitive to acyclovir in vitro, and the neonatal infection responded to treatment with the drug. Prenatal antiviral therapy may be ineffective in preventing intrauterine herpesvirus infection.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1985

Anesthetic management of 646 consecutive cesarean section cases.

A retrospective analysis of 646 consecutive cesarean deliveries during a 1-year period was performed. The indications for cesarean section, techniques of anesthesia, fetal and maternal outcome, and complications were evaluated. Of 646 cesarean deliveries, 153 (23.7%) were elective and 493 (76.3%) nonelective. Regional block was the main anesthetic technique used for the elective (88.3%) and the nonelective (79.3%) operations. Maternal complications were few and reversible. In 96% of the newborns the Apgar score was greater than or equal to 7 at 5 min. These results suggest that regional block is the preferred anesthetic technique for cesarean section.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Study of fenfluramine in outpatients with the syndrome of autism.

Fenfluramine was administered to 14 outpatient children with the syndrome of autism to determine whether previously produced decreases in blood serotonin concentrations and clinical improvements could be reinstituted. A double-blind medication-placebo crossover design was used. Each patient received fenfluramine 1.5 mg/kg daily (0.75 mg/kg twice daily) for 8 months, followed by placebo for 2 months. Blood serotonin levels promptly fell approximately 49% regardless of baseline levels. Clinical improvement returned, and on some scales gains after 8 months exceeded those noted after only 4 months of treatment. Significant correlations emerged among the amount of clinical response, initially high verbal IQs, and low blood serotonin concentrations. Compliance was excellent, and no clinically relevant side effects or weight changes occurred. It appears that fenfluramine is effective in ameliorating specific symptoms in certain autistic patients. The extent and mechanism of its action remain to be discovered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Technetium-fibrinogen lung scanning in canine lung contusion.

To detect experimentally induced acute lung contusion in anesthetized dogs, serial radionuclide images of the lung were recorded following intravenous infusion of 99mTc-labelled human fibrinogen (Tc-HF). The accumulation of Tc-HF in canine lungs was serially quantitated for up to 20 hours after lung contusion. A contusion (#1) was produced in one lung, Tc-HF was injected IV after 15 minutes, and 75 minutes later a contralateral lung contusion (#2) was produced in a series of 14 dogs. At autopsy the excised lungs were scanned, sectioned, and counted for radioactivity. Radiolabelled fibrinogen accumulated within 2-4 minutes of contusion #2 and remained stable over the next 20 hours in 14 dogs; contusion #1 was barely visible in four dogs. Lung Tc-HF activity in the central region of contusion #2 remained sixfold higher than in normal lung tissue. These data suggest that following lung contusion, fibrinogen deposition occurs rapidly and remains stable over a 20-hour interval of observation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Epidural analgesia for planned vaginal delivery following previous cesarean section.

The effect of lumbar epidural on the course of labor, delivery, and outcome was studied in 115 parturients with a previous cesarean section who were given a trial of vaginal delivery. One hundred three women were multiparous and 12 were grandmultiparous. Uterine contractions and fetal heart rate (FHR) were monitored continuously in all patients. Epidural block was performed using 8 mL of 0.35% bupivacaine without adrenaline. Supplemental doses were administered through an indwelling catheter. At the beginning of the second stage, 10 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine was added in the sitting position. Forty-eight women delivered spontaneously and 54 had an assisted second stage. Thirteen women delivered by a repeat low segmental cesarean section; dehiscence was observed in only one woman. Fetal outcome was satisfactory and similar to that of the authors' general parturient population.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Interleukin-2 production and response to exogenous interleukin-2 in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

The ability of lymphocytes from a patient suffering from the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) was found to be comparable to that of his healthy sex partner and to that of a normal control. Addition of exogenous IL-2 to lymphocyte cultures did not improve the poor mitogen response to phytohaemagglutinin in this patient. Our data suggest that the underlying defect in this AIDS patient is due to an IL-2 receptor defect.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Hip fractures in patients with Parkinson's syndrome.

Hip fractures in patients with Parkinson's syndrome present a continuing challenge to orthopaedic surgeons. Sixty-two consecutive such patients have been reviewed. With or without operation, there was very high rate of mortality (31%) and complications. However, the functional results, the ability to walk, progression of the disability, and the quality of life were significantly better after operation. The results suggest that operation is the preferable solution for these patients. They require, however, much more particular care than other patients with hip fractures. This includes adequate adjusted antiparkinson medication, appropriate anesthesia with special attention to adequate ventilation and postoperative analgesia, more intensive respiratory and functional physiotherapy, very meticulous nursing care, and a relatively extended period of preventive antibiotics.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Is there a probenecid sensitive transport system for monoamine catabolites at the level of the brain capillary plexus?

Probenecid inhibits the transport of the small monocarboxylic acids lactate and propionate from blood to brain but does not affect the transport of 5HIAA or HVA. Neither lactate, 5HIAA, HVA, nor probenecid itself inhibits probenecid uptake into brain from blood and neither lactate nor 5HIAA itself inhibits 5HIAA uptake. These results indicate first that probenecid inhibits the lactate carrier but is itself not transported by that carrier and second that 5HIAA and probenecid are independently transported from blood to brain by a low affinity system, probably by diffusion. Preloading animals with both tryptophan and probenecid increased the apparent transport of lactate, probenecid and 5HIAA but not the transport of glucose. This indicates that the transport of 5HIAA, lactate and probenecid from brain to blood involves a common, saturable carrier. These two sets of data indicate that either the brain capillary transport system is asymmetric or that probenecid-inhibited transport of monoamine catabolites from brain occurs at sites other than the capillary transport system of the blood-brain barrier.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Short-term and repetitive administration of oral tryptophan in normal men. Effects on blood tryptophan, serotonin, and kynurenine concentrations.

Single and repetitive tryptophan loads were consumed by normal, adult male volunteers, and blood concentrations of tryptophan, serotonin, and kynurenine, their time courses, and their distributions within blood were measured. Repeated measures of basal and tryptophan-induced changes in tryptophan and serotonin blood concentrations were characteristic for individual subjects. Tryptophan dose-responsive increases in measured substances returned to basal levels within 24 hours after single tryptophan loads. However, cumulative increases in serotonin concentration in early-morning, predose blood samples were seen following repetitive daily tryptophan administration. Extra-platelet serotonin could be detected in blood samples taken after tryptophan loading and after repetitive daily tryptophan consumption but not in baseline samples taken before short-term loading. Neither platelet number nor size was altered by the loading procedures. Tryptophan loading produced lethargy and drowsiness within 30 minutes of ingestion under all loading conditions. Subjects with the slowest kynurenine response to tryptophan were most behaviorally affected.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Peripheral correlates of serotonergically-influenced behaviors in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).

The associations among twelve behaviors and three potential peripheral markers of central serotonergic activity were investigated in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). The behaviors monitored included approach, heterogroom, rest, eat, avoid, be solitary, be vigilant, huddle, initiate aggress, receive aggress, and engage in sexual behavior. The biochemical parameters measured were whole blood serotonin, plasma free tryptophan, and plasma total tryptophan. Throughout the study period, intraindividual variability in both the behavioral and the biochemical measures was small, although there was substantial interindividual variability in both sets of measures. Free and total tryptophan correlated positively with approach, heterogroom, and eat, and inversely with avoid and be solitary. Whole blood serotonin correlated inversely with avoid and be solitary. These data are compatible with previously reported observations on the behavioral consequences of manipulating serotonergic systems in vervet monkeys and suggest that in normal, drug naive monkeys, free and total tryptophan are better correlates of the central serotonergic activity influencing behavior than is whole blood serotonin.

Animals↗