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Biomedical subjects

E Gardner

Publications and source records attributed to E Gardner.

350 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
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Genetic variation and inferences about perceived taste intensity in mice and men.

The study of genetic variation in taste produces parallels between mice and men. In mice, genetic variation across strains has been documented with psychophysical and anatomical measures as well as with recordings from whole nerves. In humans, the variation has been documented with psychophysical and anatomical measures. Whole-nerve recordings from animals and psychophysical ratings of perceived intensities from human subjects have a similar logical limitation: absolute comparisons across individuals require a standard stimulus that can be assumed equally intense to all. Comparisons across whole-nerve recordings are aided by single-fiber recordings. Comparisons across psychophysical ratings of perceived intensity have been aided by recent advances in methodology; these advances now reveal that the magnitude of genetic variation in human subjects is larger than previously suspected. In females, hormones further contribute to variation in taste. There is evidence that the ability to taste (particularly bitter) cycles with hormones in women of child-bearing age, rises to a maximum early in pregnancy and declines after menopause. Taste affects food preferences, which in turn affect dietary behavior and thus disease risks. Valid assessment of taste variation now permits measurement of the impact of taste variation on health. Advances in psychophysical methodology were essential to understanding genetic variation in taste. In turn, the association of perceived taste intensities with tongue anatomy now provides a new tool for psychophysics. The ability of a psychophysical scale to provide across-subject comparisons can be assessed through its ability to show the fungiform papillae density-taste association.

Animals↗
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Swedes test capitalist waters in new health system reforms.

While most Swedes say they're satisfied with their socialized health care system, problems ranging from long waits for surgery to a growing federal deficit have prompted health officials to inject some elements of American-style managed care and competition. Reforms include abandoning central primary care clinics in favor of allowing patients to choose a family physician; privatizing some hospitals; and separating health financing from delivery.

Data Collection↗
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The initial US clinical experience in the management of schizophrenic patients with bromperidol.

Observations and conclusions from initial acute and maintenance bromperidol clinical trials conducted in the USA are presented along with an overview of the clinical development program. Thirty diagnosed schizophrenic patients, recruited from private practice, were admitted to either study. Patients were controlled with bromperidol administered only once daily. The acute patients received an average dose of 14-23 mg day during the month-long inpatient stay. The average maintenance dose was calculated to be approximately 8 mg. Overall, patients received from 3-39 mg for up to four months. Pre-treatment vs. 4 week treatment BPRS scores showed highly significant decreases in the five NCDEU (New Clinical Drug Evaluation Unit, which developed the accepted US psychiatric rating scales) behavioral symptom clusters analyzed. Two thirds of the patients were much to very much improved over this same interval based on clinical global ratings. Minimal side effects were noted. In particular, fewer acute neuromuscular reactions and less weight gain were noted. Based on the experience to date, bromperidol will be a significant addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for the management of schizophrenia in both acute and chronic cases.

Acute Disease↗