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Biomedical subjects

E García

Publications and source records attributed to E García.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Induction of mixed-function oxygenase system and antioxidant enzymes in the coral Montastraea faveolata on acute exposure to benzo(a)pyrene.

Components of the cytochrome P(450) monooxygenase system (MFO) and antioxidant enzymes were investigated in the coral Montastraea faveolata exposed to the organic contaminant benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P). For bioassays the corals were exposed to increasing concentrations of B(a)P (0.01 and 0.1 ppm) for 24 and 72 h, with water renewal every 24 h. Enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured in host (polyp) and hosted (zooxanthellae) cells. NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity and contents of cytochrome P(450) and P(420) were only measured in the polyp. Antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD in polyps and zooxanthellae and GST in polyps increased significantly at the highest concentration and maximum time of exposure. Cytochrome P(420) was found in all colonies, and the cytochrome P(450) content was greatest in the colonies from the highest concentrations of contaminant. NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity and the concentration of pigments did not vary between treatments. This is the first report of the induction of both detoxifying mechanisms, the MFO system and antioxidant enzymes on acute exposure to an organic contaminant in the reef-constructing coral species M. faveolata.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

U-shaped osteotomy in management of paranasal deficiency.

When paranasal deficiencies are not accompanied by occlusal alterations, mobilization of the maxilla via Le Fort I osteotomy may not be justified. In this preliminary, report for the first time is presented a U-shaped osteotomy (USO) that mobilizes anteriorly and/or superiorly the maxillary bone surrounding the pirifom aperture. Advantages and indications of this new procedure are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Energy dependence of directed flow over a wide range of pseudorapidity in Au + Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.

We report on measurements of directed flow as a function of pseudorapidity in Au + Au collisions at energies of square root of SNN = 19.6, 62.4, 130 and 200 GeV as measured by the PHOBOS detector at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These results are particularly valuable because of the extensive, continuous pseudorapidity coverage of the PHOBOS detector. There is no significant indication of structure near midrapidity and the data surprisingly exhibit extended longitudinal scaling similar to that seen for elliptic flow and charged particle pseudorapidity density.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

System size and centrality dependence of charged hadron transverse momentum spectra in Au + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at square root of SNN = 62.4 and 200 GeV.

We present transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons produced in Cu + Cu collisions at square root of SNN = 62.4 and 200 GeV. The spectra are measured for transverse momenta of 0.25 < pT < 5.0 GeV/c at square root of SNN = 62.4 GeV and 0.25 < pT < 7.0 GeV/c at square root of SNN = 200 GeV, in a pseudorapidity range of 0.2 < eta < 1.4. The nuclear modification factor R(AA) is calculated relative to p + p data at both collision energies as a function of collision centrality. At a given collision energy and fractional cross section, R(AA) is observed to be systematically larger in Cu + Cu collisions compared to Au + Au. However, for the same number of participating nucleons, R(AA) is essentially the same in both systems over the measured range of pT, in spite of the significantly different geometries of the Cu + Cu and Au + Au systems.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Conservative treatment with transurethral resection, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiochemotherapy in stage T2-3 transitional bladder cancer.

PURPOSE: Organ preservation has been investigated in patients (p) with infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder over the past decade as an alternative to radical cystectomy. This is a trimodal schedule study, including transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB), neoadjuvant chemotherapy and concomitant radiochemotherapy (RTC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: From April 1996 until August 2005, 29 evaluable patients (p) with T2-T3NXM0 bladder cancer were enrolled. After a transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB), we administered 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy with CMV (15 p) or Gemcitabine-Cisplatin (14 p) followed by radiotherapy 45 Gy 1.8 Gy/fraction and two cycles of concomitant cisplatin 70 mg/m(2). 2-3 weeks later, a cystoscopy with tumor-site biopsy was performed. If complete histological response, p were treated with consolidation radiotherapy until 64.8 Gy. For p with residual or recurrent tumor, cystectomy was performed. RESULTS: We included 28 men and 1 women (median age 63, range 39-72 years) with PS (ECOG) 0-1. The stage was: 21 p T2; 6 p T3a; and 2 p T3b. Toxicity was higher in CMV compared with Gem- Cis: grade (3/4) neutropenia 4/15 (26%) vs 1/14 (7%); febrile neutropenia 3/15 (20%) vs 1/14 (7%); grade (3/4) trombocytopenia 2/15 (13%) vs 1/14 (7%). Toxicities with concomitant RCT were low-moderate: urocystitis (26%) and enteritis (18%). RESPONSE: microscopically complete TURB was obtained in 20 p (69%), but not in 9 p (31%) (7 microscopic, and 2 macroscopic residual tumor). We found a complete histologic response after induction RCT in 25 p (86%). After a median follow-up of 69.4 months (m) (range: 8-97.7), there were 8 deaths, with a overall survival of 72%. Furthermore 14 of 29 p (48%) were alive with intact bladder, and median survival time with intact bladder was 63.6 m (50.1-77.2); were predictive of best outcome T2 stage vs T3 (p < 0.0001), and complete histologic resection in initial TURB vs residual tumor (p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Combined treatment provide high response rates and can be offered as an alternative option to radical cystectomy in selected patients with TCC. Patients with T2 stage and complete histologic resection in initial TURB had the best outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[The use of Quality of Life Questionnaire in patients with nasal polyposis].

OBJECTIVES: Polyposis handicap evaluation through Spanish validation of the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Spanish validation of the Polyposis Disability Index (PDI). One hundred and fifty one patients referred to our Nose Unit in Fundación Hospital Alcorcón. The Spanish version of the PDI was administered after translation and retrotranslation. Internal consistency and reliability were established. RESULTS: Spanish adaptation of the PDI and ists subscales (functional, emotional and physical) showed a high reliability and internal consistency (Cronbach's alfa: 0,90). CONCLUSIONS: Spanish adaptation of the PDI is valid, reliable and can be used in a clinical setting to quantify the impact of polyposis on patient's quality of life.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed2006

Anxiety and panic responses to a predator in male and female Ts65Dn mice, a model for Down syndrome.

Hyperactivity is a feature frequently reported in behavioral studies on the Ts65Dn (TS) mouse, the most widely accepted model of Down syndrome, when tested in anxiety-provoking situations such as the plus-maze and the open-field tests. Although this behavior could be considered as an expression of reduced anxiety, it has been considered as a consequence of a lack of behavioral inhibition and/or reduced attention. This study addressed anxiety and panic behavior of male and female TS mice by evaluating serum biochemical parameters and behavioral responses to a predator in the Mouse Defense Test Battery. Flight, risk assessment, defensive threat/attack and escape attempts were measured during and after rat confrontation. When confronted to a rat, male TS mice showed similar biochemical and behavioral responses as control mice. However, female control and TS mice presented lower serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels under basal conditions and higher corticosterone levels after predator exposure than male mice. Thus, there was a larger increase in ACTH and corticosterone levels after predator exposure with respect to the undisturbed condition in females than in males. In addition, TS females showed some alterations in defensive behaviors after predator exposure. The results emphasize the need to consider gender as a confounding factor in the behavioral assessment of TS mice.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2006

Mixed community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised patients.

The role of mixed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence, principal microbial patterns, clinical predictors and course of mixed CAP. The current study included 1,511 consecutive hospitalised patients with CAP. Of these, 610 (40%) patients had an established aetiology. One pathogen was demonstrated in 528 patients and 82 (13%) patients had mixed pneumonia. Cases including CAP, by a pyogenic bacteria and a complete paired serology for "atypicals", revealed that 82 (13%) patients had definite single pyogenic pneumonia and 28 patients (5%) had mixed pyogenic pneumonia. In patients with mixed CAP, Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most prevalent microorganism (44 out of 82; 54%). The most frequent combination was S. pneumoniae with Haemophilus influenzae (17 out of 82; 21%). Influenza virus A and S. pneumoniae (five out of 28; 18%) was the most frequent association in the mixed pyogenic pneumonia group. No clinical predictors for mixed pneumonias could be identified. Patients with mixed pyogenic pneumonia more frequently developed shock when compared with patients with single pyogenic pneumonia (18 versus 4%). In conclusion, mixed pneumonia occurs in >10% of cases with community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalisation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Modelling the spatio-temporal evolution of 3H in the waters of the River Tagus.

Measurements of tritium specific activity levels and of temperatures in waters of the Torrejón-Tagus reservoir (Spain) showed that their radioactive characteristics were basically influenced by the radioactive liquid effluent from the Almaraz Nuclear Power Plant. This enters the Torrejón-Tagus reservoir via the Arrocampo cooling reservoir, which exchanges water with the first. We studied the temporal and spatial (in two dimensions) evolution of the mentioned parameters for years 1997 and 1998. The tritium levels were found to be significantly correlated with temperature. Two numerical models were constructed for a quantitative study of the tritium levels along Torrejón reservoir: a 1D model was used for the dispersion of tritium along the whole length of the reservoir, and a 2D depth-averaged model was used for a detailed study of the area where tritium is released into the reservoir. Both models solve the hydrodynamic equations, to obtain the currents induced by the exchanges of water between the reservoirs in the River Tagus and Arrocampo, and the advection/diffusion equation to calculate the dispersion of tritium. In general, the model results were in agreement with the experimental observations.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed2005

Energy dependence of elliptic flow over a large pseudorapidity range in Au+Au collisions at the BNL relativistic heavy ion collider.

This Letter describes the measurement of the energy dependence of elliptic flow for charged particles in Au+Au collisions using the PHOBOS detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Data taken at collision energies of square root of s(NN)=19.6, 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV are shown over a wide range in pseudorapidity. These results, when plotted as a function of eta(')=|eta|-y(beam), scale with approximate linearity throughout eta('), implying no sharp changes in the dynamics of particle production as a function of pseudorapidity or increasing beam energy.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Centrality dependence of charged hadron transverse momentum spectra in Au+Au collisions from sqrt[s(NN)]=62.4 to 200 GeV.

We have measured transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons produced in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=62.4 GeV. The spectra are presented for transverse momenta 0.25<p(T)<4.5 GeV/c, in a pseudorapidity range of 0.2<eta<1.4. The nuclear modification factor R(AA) is calculated relative to p+p data at the same collision energy as a function of collision centrality. For 2<p(T)<4.5 GeV/c, R(AA) is found to be significantly larger than in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]= 130 and 200 GeV. In contrast to the large change in R(AA), we observe a very similar centrality evolution of the p(T) spectra at sqrt[s(NN)]=62.4 and 200 GeV. The dynamical origin of this surprising factorization of energy and centrality dependence of particle production in heavy-ion collisions remains to be understood.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

[Cochlear implants in Aragón].

Cochlear implants are, actually, one of the major advances in the treatment for profound deafness. His use is, already, a routine in the daily practice of our specialty. Due to its special aspects, cochlear implants have to be done following a protocol that organizes and coordinates the different aspects of the diagnoses and treatment of profound deafness, in the different administrative and geographical fields. The health system in our country and the smale dimension of our area, has taken us to create and follow a special program in which all the available resources are used. Following this protocol, we have performed 63 cochlear implants, in the last 10 years. We show here the results and complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Pseudorapidity distribution of charged particles in d+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=200 GeV.

The measured pseudorapidity distribution of primary charged particles in minimum-bias d+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV is presented for the first time. This distribution falls off less rapidly in the gold direction as compared to the deuteron direction. The average value of the charged particle pseudorapidity density at midrapidity is |eta|< or =0.6)=9.4+/-0.7(syst) and the integrated primary charged particle multiplicity in the measured region is 82+/-6(syst). Estimates of the total charged particle production, based on extrapolations outside the measured pseudorapidity region, are also presented. The pseudorapidity distribution, normalized to the number of participants in d+Au collisions, is compared to those of Au+Au and p+(-)p systems at the same energy. The d+Au distribution is also compared to the predictions of the parton saturation model, as well as microscopic models.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Validation of predictive rules and indices of severity for community acquired pneumonia.

BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to validate the modified American Thoracic Society (ATS) rule and two British Thoracic Society (BTS) rules for the prediction of ICU admission and mortality of community acquired pneumonia and to provide a validation of these predictions on the basis of the pneumonia severity index (PSI). METHOD: Six hundred and ninety six consecutive patients (457 men (66%), mean (SD) age 67.8 (17.1) years, range 18-101) admitted to a tertiary care hospital were studied prospectively. Of these, 116 (16.7%) were admitted to the ICU. RESULTS: The modified ATS rule achieved a sensitivity of 69% (95% CI 50.7 to 77.2), specificity of 97% (95% CI 96.4 to 98.9), positive predictive value of 87% (95% CI 78.3 to 93.1), and negative predictive value of 94% (95% CI 91.8 to 95.8) in predicting admission to the ICU. The corresponding predictive indices for mortality were 94% (95% CI 82.5 to 98.7), 93% (95% CI 90.6 to 94.7), 49% (95% CI 38.2 to 59.7), and 99.5% (95% CI 98.5 to 99.9), respectively. These figures compared favourably with both the BTS rules. The BTS-CURB criteria achieved predictions of pneumonia severity and mortality comparable to the PSI. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the power of the modified ATS rule to predict severe pneumonia in individual patients. It may be incorporated into current guidelines for the assessment of pneumonia severity. The CURB criteria may be used as an alternative tool to PSI for the detection of low risk patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Comparison between cardiac output measured by the pulmonary arterial thermodilution technique and that measured by the femoral arterial thermodilution technique in a pediatric animal model.

This study compares the correlation between two methods for the determination of cardiac output-the pulmonary arterial thermodilution technique using the Swan-Ganz catheter and the femoral arterial thermodilution technique using a pulse contour analysis computer (PiCCO) catheter. We performed a prospective animal study using 16 immature Maryland pigs weighing 9 to 16 kg. A 5.5- or 7.5-Fr Swan-Ganz catheter was introduced into the femoral or jugular vein, and a 4- or 5-Fr arterial PiCCO catheter was introduced into the femoral artery. In each animal, we made measurements of cardiac output at 30-minute intervals, simultaneously by pulmonary arterial thermodilution and femoral arterial thermodilution, before, during, and after hemodiafiltration carried out via different venous catheters, recording a total of 78 measurements. The mean Swan-Ganz cardiac output was 2.22 +/- 0.94 L/min, and mean PiCCO cardiac output was 1.94 +/- 0.80 L/min (no significant difference). The mean difference (bias) of differences (limits of agreement) was 0.2812. The differences between the methods increased with higher cardiac output, but the percentage differences in relation to cardiac output remained stable. Good correlation was found between the two methods: single-measure intraclass correlation was 0.8892 (95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.95). There were no differences between the 5.5- and 7.5-FR Swan-Ganz catheters or between the 4- and 5-Fr PiCCO catheters. Femoral arterial thermodilution cardiac output measurements correlated well with pulmonary arterial thermodilution cardiac output measurements in a pediatric animal model.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Centrality dependence of charged-hadron transverse-momentum spectra in d+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV.

We have measured transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons produced in d+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV. The spectra were obtained for transverse momenta 0.25<p(T)<6.0 GeV/c, in a pseudorapidity range of 0.2<eta<1.4 in the deuteron direction. The evolution of the spectra with collision centrality is presented in comparison to p+pmacr; collisions at the same collision energy. With increasing centrality, the yield at high transverse momenta increases more rapidly than the overall particle density, leading to a strong modification of the spectral shape. This change in spectral shape is qualitatively different from observations in Au+Au collisions at the same energy. The results provide important information for discriminating between different models for the suppression of high-p(T) hadrons observed in Au+Au collisions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Significance of the fragmentation region in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.

We present measurements of the pseudorapidity distribution of primary charged particles produced in Au+Au collisions at three energies, sqrt[s(NN)]=19.6, 130, and 200 GeV, for a range of collision centrali-ties. The distribution narrows for more central collisions and excess particles are produced at high pseudorapidity in peripheral collisions. For a given centrality, however, the distributions are found to scale with energy according to the "limiting fragmentation" hypothesis. The universal fragmentation region described by this scaling grows in pseudorapidity with increasing collision energy, extending well away from the beam rapidity and covering more than half of the pseudorapidity range over which particles are produced. This approach to a universal limiting curve appears to be a dominant feature of the pseudorapidity distribution and therefore of the total particle production in these collisions.

Journal Article↗