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Biomedical subjects

E Gallego

Publications and source records attributed to E Gallego.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Antibiotic prophylaxis before kidney transplantation].

The effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis was evaluated in the immediate postoperative period of renal transplantation (RT). Before RT, the patients were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: 1) cefotaxime (intravenous infusion of 1 g one hour before the operation). 2) Ceftriaxone (1 g i.v. given in a similar way). 3) Control (without antibiotics). Patients who required antibiotic therapy during the first 3 postoperative weeks were excluded. 20 recipients of cadaveric renal grafts were included in each group. There were 39 males and 21 females with a mean age of 39.9 years. One patient from the cefotaxime group (5%), 2 from the ceftriaxone group (10%) and 2 from the control group (10%) developed infection of the surgical wound, all due to grampositive organisms. 19 patients had urinary tract infections: 7 from the control group (35%), 7 from the cefotaxime group (35%), and 5 from the ceftriaxone group (25%). The development of wound infection was not correlated with urea, creatinine, hemoglobin or total protein levels, or with urinary tract infection or fistula, diabetes or fever. The mean packed red cell volume of the patients who developed wound infection was 24.7 +/- 1.2 vs 28.6 +/- 6.6 in those who did not (p less than 0.01). All patients with visible hematoma and 3 of 10 with perirenal blood collection had wound infection. It was concluded that antibiotic prophylaxis for renal transplantation was useless in our patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Peritoneal mucormycosis in a patient receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

A 48-year-old man receiving maintenance hemodialysis for 3 years and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for 1 year developed a clinical picture compatible with peritonitis. Three successive fluid cultures were negative, and only after filtration of a large volume of peritoneal fluid a fungus identified as a Rhizopus sp was isolated in cultures of the filtering devices. The same fungus was also isolated from the peritoneal catheter cuff. Intravenous amphotericin B was administered and both the abdominal and general conditions of the patient improved transiently. Twenty days after initiation of antifungal treatment, a clinical suspicion of intestinal perforation arose and an exploratory laparotomy was scheduled, but the patient died during the anesthetic induction. The patient never received deferoxamine; any conditions predisposing to mucormycosis, such as diabetes or immunosuppression, were also absent.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1988

Retention of a spatial task after intraperitoneal, subcutaneous or intravenous injections of equal doses of atropine.

The retention of a well-learned spatial task was assessed in rats after equal doses of atropine sulfate (30 mg/kg) were administered by intraperitoneal, subcutaneous or intravenous injection. Atropine sulfate disrupted first choice accuracy and escape latency measures of spatial retention. Intravenous and intraperitoneal atropine sulfate produced significant impairments in choice accuracy. However, only intravenous atropine sulfate produced a significant impairment in escape latency. Atropine sulfate administered subcutaneously never produced a significant impairment in spatial retention compared to the intravenous saline control. One would predict from the present findings that a centrally active drug might produce a highly variable effect on a specific behavior as a function of the parenteral route of administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

1H-n.m.r. study of the folding of ribonuclease 12-(beta-(3-pyridyl)-L-Ala) S-peptide (1-14).

The 1H-n.m.r. spectra (360 MHz) of 12-(beta-(3-pyridyl)-L-Ala) ribonuclease S-peptide (1-14), a tetradecapeptide incorporating (beta-3-pyridyl-L-Ala) instead of His at position 12, have been assigned. The shift vs. temperature dependence has been analyzed at three different pD's in terms of a two-state helix (3-13) in equilibrium coil equilibrium, and the corresponding values for the thermodynamic quantities delta H degrees and delta S degrees determined. Helix populations at 0 degrees C have been measured as a function of pD, showing their dependence on two apparent pKa's at approximately 3.3 and 5.5, with a maximum at pD approximately 4.2. All the obtained results show that the new peptide has very similar folding properties to those shown by S-peptide and particularly to those of C-peptide. The 3-13 helix formed is stabilized by two interactions: a salt-bridge Glu 2-...Arg 10+ and a partial stacking between the aromatic rings of residues Phe 8 and His 12. Calculations involving ring current shifts and potential energies validate the possible existence of this latter interaction, which must present a local geometry defined by chi 81 180 degrees, chi 82 100 degrees, chi 121-60 and chi 122 80.

Kinetics↗
PubMed1984

On the fundamental role of the Glu 2- ... Arg 10+ salt bridge in the folding of isolated ribonuclease A S-peptide.

The fundamental role of the Glu 2- ... Arg 10+ salt bridge in the folding of isolated S-peptide (1-19 N-terminal fragment of Ribonuclease A) is demonstrated from the comparison of the helix contents, at 0 degrees C, of S-peptide and related peptides. Helix contents have been determined from the analysis of proton chemical shift vs. temperature curves. The observed data can be accounted for by assuming that two side-chain interactions contribute to stabilize the 3-13 helix of S-peptide, the salt bridges Glu 2- ... Arg 10+ and Glu 9-... His 12+, the former being more effective. The salt bridge Glu 9- ... Arg 10+ turns to a weaker interaction, a hydrogen bond Glu 2 (C delta = 0) ... Arg 10+, on protonation or esterification of the Glu 2 carboxylate.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Low-temperature 1H-NMR evidence of the folding of isolated ribonuclease S-peptide.

The temperature (-7 degrees C to 45 degrees C, pH 5.4) and pH (0 degrees C) dependence of 1H chemical shifts of ribonuclease S-peptide (5 mM, 1 M NaCl) has been measured at 360 MHz. The observed variations evidence the formation of a partial helical structure, involving the fragment Thr-3-Met-13. Two salt-bridges stabilize the helix: those formed by Glu-9- ...His-12+ and Glu-2- ...Arg-10+. The structural features deduced from the 1H-NMR at low temperature for the isolated S-peptide are compatible with the structure shown by the same molecule in the ribonuclease S crystal.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

1H n.m.r. parameters of the N-terminal 19-residue S-peptide of ribonuclease in aqueous solution.

The 1H n.m.r. chemical shifts and the spin-spin coupling constants of the N-terminal 19-residue S-peptide of ribonuclease A have been measured in a 10 mM solution in D2O, pD 3.0, 27 degrees, at 300 MHz. The titration parameters for end groups Lys-1 and Ala-19 and side chains Lys-1, Glu-2, Lys-7, Glu-9, Arg-10, His-12 and Asp-14 have been determined at 90 MHz. An assignment of observed signals to individual residue protons based upon characteristic shifts, spectral analysis, double resonance, titration shifts and comparison with the spectrum of C-peptide (N-terminal 13-residue) is proposed. Differences in the observed chemical shifts, pKa's and titration shifts with reference to those proposed as "random coil" parameters are not large enough to assume the existence of a significant population of secondary structure in the conditions studied. The H alpha chemical shifts differences can be accounted for by the Phe-8 phenyl ring current for an extended peptide backbone conformation and appropriate values for the torsion angles chi 1 Phe-8 and chi 2 Phe-8.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

[Type A adenocarcinoma grafted into C3H/he-M mice subjected to treatment with various antineoplastic agents. I. Biological study].

The biological modifications in C3H/he-M mice treated with vincristine, prospidium chloride and adriamycin are studied. A significative reduction of the tumor volume was observed with prospidium chloride and adriamycin treatment. The index of tumour growth inhibition (I0) is very high and corroborates the obtained results. The histopathological and ultrastructural studies will be published later.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[Type A adenocarcinoma grafted into C3H/he mice subjected to treatment with various antineoplastic agents. II. Histopathological and ultrastructural study].

We studied the histopathological and ultrastructural modifications which the adenocarcinoma type A grafted to C3 H/he-M mice manifested on being treated with vincristine, prospidium chloride and adriamycin. With M/O the tumors treated with prospidium chloride and adriamycin showed a greater proportion of connective stroma and numerous extensive parenchymatous necrosis. Ultrastructurally, in these groups, atypical mitoses were observed with multiple chromosomal fragmentations which can be related to the pharmacological action mechanism. A decrease in the number of viral particles was seen throughout the treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Testicular amyloidosis in hamsters experimentally infected with Leishmania donovani.

Thirty hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with Leishmania donovani. Testes were examined grossly and histologically by light and electron microscopy. Progressive testicular atrophy developed. Spermatogenic cells of the seminiferous tubules showed vacuolar degeneration and decreased in number leading to a total azoospermia in the final weeks of the pathological process. Lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates with macrophages containing leishmanias appeared in the intertubular space. Amyloid deposits in the intertubular space and tubular basement membrane were identified by optical and ultrastructural methods. It has been suggested that testicular amyloidosis may have a pathogenic mechanism related to a dysfunction of plasma cells and stimulation of the reticuloendothial system, due to the antigenic character of the parasite.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A 2 year evaluation of diabetic patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Nineteen diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease on CAPD were evaluated over a 2 year period. All but one patient was insulin-dependent, with a mean age of 47.7 years. Average time on CAPD was 16.1 months (range, 2-28 months). Thirteen patients were followed for more than 12 months, and nine for more than 18 months. The mean training period was 22.9 days. Good blood glucose control was obtained with intraperitoneal (IP) insulin in all of the patients. Mean blood glucose levels of 125 +/- 23.08 mg/dl were achieved with 103 +/- 38.5 U/day of regular IP insulin. Glycosalated hemoglobin decreased from a mean of 12.7 +/- 2.35% before CAPD to 10.08 +/- 0.97% during CAPD. Peritoneal creatinine clearance remained stable during the study period, with a concommitant decrease (P less than 0.001) in the mean residual renal creatinine clearance. The incidence of peritonitis was one episode per 7.8 patient-months. Average length of hospitalization was 33.24 days/year. Visual acuity remained stable after 1 year in 73% of the 26 eyes evaluated. No amputations were required in more than 2 years of follow-up. Actuarial survival was 100% at 1 year and 86% at 2 years, and the technique survival of CAPD was 91 and 79%, respectively. These results demonstrate that CAPD is a good dialysis procedure for treating diabetic patients with chronic renal failure, and it offers the advantage of controlling glycemia better than other dialysis methods.

Adult↗