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Biomedical subjects

E G Maderazo

Publications and source records attributed to E G Maderazo.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration abnormalities and their significance in seriously traumatized patients.

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) locomotory responses were studied in 24 patients who sustained serious blunt trauma, mostly from motor vehicle accidents. The results showed the presence of a combined cell- and serum-associated locomotory abnormality. The serum abnormality was due to a cell-directed inhibitor, and was present for an average of 3 days. The cell-associated abnormality persisted for approximately 1 week in uninfected patients, and 2 weeks in the infected group. Both mature and immature forms of PMNs contribute to the PMN locomotory dysfunction observed. A significant correlation was observed between the degree of PMN locomotory abnormality or injury severity score and the infection rate. Eighteen infections (six suspected and 12 definite) were observed in 11 of the 24 patients. Twelve (67%) infections involved the lungs. Nine patients (82%) showed evidence of infection by day 6. PMN dysfunction in trauma is associated with increased infection rate and is not due solely to increased numbers of immature forms of PMNs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Abnormalities of neutrophil adherence in newborns.

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) adherence to glass and nylon wool was examined in 19 healthy term newborns, 19 normal children aged 2 weeks to 17 years, and 33 adults in good health who were taking no medication. Using a whole blood glass adherence assay, neonatal PMN adherence (0.18 +/- 0.16%) was significantly less than PMN adherence in children (7.4 +/- 4.0%, P less than .0001) and in adults (16.0 +/- 4.5%, P less than .0001). Similar results were obtained when separated neonatal and adult PMNs were used with both glass and nylon wool column adherence assays, indicating that decreased neonatal PMN adherence is due to a cellular defect. In other experiments there was significantly greater reduction in adherence of separated PMNs with addition of neonatal serum than with adult serum, indicating that a humoral inhibitor also contributes to decreased adherence of neonatal PMNs. Decreased neonatal PMN adherence may be one cause of the increased susceptibility of neonates to serious bacterial infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

An audit of chloramphenicol use in a large community hospital.

In a large community hospital during a six-month period, 238 of 19,670 hospitalized patients (1.2%) received chloramphenicol. The drug was administered exclusively by the intravenous route in 98% of these patients. In 78% of the patients, chloramphenicol was used for an appropriate indication, whereas in 22%, its use was inappropriate. Serious toxic effects and unexpected clinical failures were not observed.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of malakoplakia with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

A case is described of malakoplakia involving the urinary tract and retroperitoneum with recalcitrant infection due to Escherichia coli which was not responsive to seemingly appropriate antibiotics and surgery for drainage, but which subsequently responded to treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. It is speculated that this drug combination may be helpful because of the ability of trimethoprim to enhance the killing of viable undigested microorganisms inside malakoplakic macrophages.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Aminoglycoside antibiotics moderately impair granulocyte function.

By in vitro methods, five aminoglycoside antibiotics (amikacin, kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and netilmicin) were shown to produce modest changes in granulocyte adherence (increase) and migration (decrease) and no change in phagocytosis or nitroblue tetrazolium reduction.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1978

Bacteraemia after manipulation of the urinary tract. The importance of pre-existing urinary tract disease and compromised host defences.

The factors related to the occurrence of bacteraemia following urinary tract manipulation were studied in a large community hospital. During a 3-year period, forty-six of 326 episodes of hospital-acquired bacteraemia were associated with urinary tract manipulation. All thirty of forty-six cases felt to be definitely related to urinary tract manipulation (other obvious sources of bacteraemia being absent) had pre-existing urinary tract disease, especially of an obstructive type; only one in this group died from sepsis. The remaining sixteen patients had other possible sources of bacteraemia besides urinary tract manipulation and had disorders associated with defects in host defences; twelve (75%) in this group died from overwhelming sepsis. Thus, if bacteraemia occurs in a patient having had urinary tract manipulation but without any underlying urinary tract abnormality or impairment in host defences, its source should be searched for in other areas of the body.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1978

Leukocytic function in malakoplakia.

Leukocytic functions were studied in a patient with malakoplakia that involved the urinary tract and retroperitoneum in whom recalcitrant infections due to Escherichia coli developed. Polymorphonuclear leukocytic functions and monocytic chemotaxis were normal. Killing of E coli and Staphylococcus aureus by the patient's monocytes was impaired. This defect persisted after the infections were successfully treated and the treatment with antimicrobial agents was discontinued. Stimulated nitro blue tetrazolium reduction by the patient's monocytes was normal, suggesting that the microbicidal defect was not in the oxygen-dependent microbicidal system. Total lysozymal content of patient's monocytes was normal. Thus, the basis for this microbicidal defect is still undefined.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Leukotactic dystunction in sarcoidosis.

The leukotactic function of patients with sarcoidosis was studied. A defect was found in 19 of the 20 patients tested and was due to moderately elevated serum levels of the chemotactic factor inactivator. The chemotactic factor inactivator levels were not as high as those previously reported in patients with Hodgkin's disease or cirrhosis of the liver. The effect of the inactivator was irreversible and was directed toward all three of the chemotactic factors tested. The physicochemical characteristics of chemotactic factor inactivator in serum from sarcoid patients resembled in most respects the features of chemotactic factor inactivator in normal serum. As expected, the generation of chemotactic activity in some sarcoid serums by zymosan was impaired. The results of this study may relate to some of the reported defects in expression of immunity in sarcoid patients.

Chemotaxis↗
PubMed1975

Activity of minocycline against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus (syn. Herellea vaginicola) and Serratia marcescens.

The activity of minocycline and tetracycline against 23 isolates of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus (syn. Herellea vaginicola) and 178 strains of Serratia marcescens was determined by disk and microdilution methods. The results indicate that minocycline is highly active against this species of Acinetobacter, all but one strain being inhibited by 0.007 mug of the antibiotic per ml. Tetracycline was also active, though to a lesser degree, against A. calcoaceticus. Of the 178 strains of S. marcescens tested, only seven (3.9%) had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2 mug or less of minocycline per ml. Tetracycline was less active than minocycline against S. marcescens; with 2 mug of tetracycline per ml, only 2 of 152 (1.3%) strains were inhibited. At concentrations of 8 and 16 mug of minocycline per ml, which can be achieved in the urine with the usual doses, 44.9 and 63.5% of S. marcescens strains were inhibited, which implies its possible usefulness for the therapy of urinary tract infection due to this organism.

Acinetobacter↗