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Biomedical subjects

E G Kassner

Publications and source records attributed to E G Kassner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Sonographic evaluation of mesenteric and omental masses in children.

Masses in the mesenteries and omentum are often difficult to diagnose by conventional radiographic techniques. Gray scale sonography was a valuable adjunct to radiographic vector analysis in four children with such masses. Masses that are clearly separable from the liver and spleen and do not distort identifiable extraperitoneal structures are probably intraperitoneal. In children most cystic intraperitoneal masses are related to the mesenteries, omentum, ovary, or bile ducts. An anterior fluid collection with internal septa (which might be mistaken for loculated ascites) is the typical sonographic appearance of an omental cyst. Echogenic masses are more difficult to evaluate: careful study of the acoustical features yielded important information in cases of omental lipoma and rhabdomyosarcoma metastatic to the mesenteries and omentum.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Ultrasonic diagnosis of gynecologic disorders in children.

During the last five years we have applied diagnostic ultrasound to more than 350 girls under the age of 15 for suspected obstetric and gynecologic disorders. More than 60% of these patients were pregnant and were studied before elective abortion. Many other children were studied for amenorrhea or for the evaluation of a pelvic mass. Sonography has allowed us to successfully distinguish pelvic masses of ovarian origin from those of uterine origin. We have also been able to rule out functioning endocrine tumors in children with precocious puberty. In cases of intersex, sonography has been useful in the older child prior to reconstructive surgery but has played an ancillary role to more invasive procedures in the infant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Dominantly-inherited polycystic kidneys in infants: association with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Newborn male fraternal twins presented at 10 days of age will bilateral flank masses; intravenous urograms showed polycystic kidney disease. Both babies also had hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). Their father has radiographic and sonographi findings of previously unsuspected polycystic kidneys and has a history of HPS in infancy. The association of dominantly-inherited polycystic kidneys (DPK) and HPS in this family is probably due to chance. However the authors speculate that the autosomal gene for DPK may occur at one of several loci that carry the genetic liability for HPS, A DISORDER TRANSMITTED BY POLYGENIC INHERITANCE.

Diseases in Twins↗
PubMed1977

Crossed asymmetry in Russell-Silver syndrome.

Since the initial report by Silver et al (1953), more than 50 examples of the Russell-Silver syndrome have been reported. Unilateral congenital asymmetry of the extremities has been considered one of the major features of this disorder (Silver, 1964). We recently observed a child with otherwise typical features of the Russell-Silver syndrome who had enlargement of the right hand and of the left lower extremity. We know of no other recorded example of crossed asymmetry in this clinical entity.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

Passage of feeding catheters into the pleural space: a radiographic sign of trauma to the pharynx and esophagus in the newborn.

Although rarely recognized, traumatic pharyngeal and cervical esophageal pseudodiverticula are probably not infrequent in newborns who have undergone vigorous oropharyngeal suctioning and endotracheal intubation. This report describes four premature infants with clinically unsuspected retroesophageal false passages incidentally discovered on chest radiographs. Differentiation of pseudodiverticula from spontaneous rupture of the middle or distal esophagus can be achieved by careful inspection of the course of the feeding catheter in frontal and lateral projections and by partial withdrawal of the catheter to permit injection of the retroesophageal false passage with a small volume of water-soluble contrast material.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1977

Ultrasonography in pediatric gynecology and obstetrics.

Sonograms were performed on 144 pediatric patients ranging in age from 2 months to 15 years during a recent 26 month period. The main indications for pelvic sonography were to confirm pregnancy prior to elective abortion; to exclude pregnancy in girls with pelvic masses and/or secondary amenorrhea prior to extensive radiographic studies; to confirm or rule out the presence of pelvic masses; to delineate the extent and internal structure of pelvic tumors; and to exclude ovarian tumors in girls with precocious sexual maturation. Normal sonograms in girls with suspected pelvic tumors usually eliminated the need for additional radiographic studies. Because of technical problems and inherent limitations of present imaging techniques, sonography has an ancillary role in the investigation of patients with abnormal or ambiguous genitalia.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Left adrenal neuroblastoma with normal-appearing urogram.

Adrenal neuroblastomas are usually diagnosed by intravenous urography because of the displacement of the kidney or distortion of its contour. This report describes five children with left adrenal neuroblastoma where the mass was purely anterior to the kidney and produced displacement vectors similar to tumors in the body or tail of the pancreas.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Unusual radiographic manifestations of cystic fibrosis.

The authors report 2 radiographic findings that have not previously been described in patients with cystic fibrosis: (1) the linear form of pneumatosis coli (2) large pancreatic concretions which resembled the pancreatic calcificaitons of hereditary pancreatitis. The patient with pancreatic calcification also had labile diabetes and episodes of ketoacidosis, unusual complications of cystic fibrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Crossed, fused renal ectopia with severe hydronephrosis: angiographic diagnosis.

The authors describe two children with crossed, fused renal ectopia in whom severely damaged hydronephrotic ectopic kidneys were not shown by intravenous urography. Aortography confirmed the diagnosis in both patients. Aortography is of great value if a diseased ectopic kidney must be resected; demonstration of the vascular supply to both kidneys enables the surgeon to preserve all of the normal renal tissue.

Aortography↗
PubMed1976

Pneumoperitoneum and appendicitis.

Pneumoperitoneum was observed in five patients with acute perforative appendicitis (APA). In each case this radiographic observation led to an incorrect diagnosis. Free intraperitoneal gas is found in a small number of patients with APA and has no apparent effect on the course or prognosis of the disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Calcified thrombus in the inferior vena cava in infants and children.

Calcified thrombi in the prerenal (suprarenal) segment of the inferior vena have a characteristic radiographic appearance that permits accurate "plain film" diagnosis. Most have been fortuitously discovered in infants and young children. None of the affected individuals has had clinical evidence of venous obstruction. Vena caval obstruction is usually incomplete. Uncalcified clot caudal to the calcified thrombus caused complete obstruction of the inferior vena cava and renal veins in one of our patients, a healthy infant; since collateral flow was adequate surgery was not advised. We believe that aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic measures are unnecessary in the management of infants and children with calcified thrombi in the inferior vena cava.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1976

Symphalangism with metacarpophalangeal fusions and elbow abnormalities.

Three generations of a family manifest similar skeletal abnormalities: proximal symphalangism with several unusual features, metacarpophalangeal synostoses, massive tarsal and carpal fusions and abnormalities of the elbows (radial head dislocation, radiohumeral synostosis). Two members of this family were previously reported by Pearlman et al. as examples of the Nievergelt syndrome, but the affected individuals lack the mesomelic dysplasia that is an integral part of that entity. Moreover, the Nievergelt syndrome does not include symphalangism. The term "Nievergelt-Pearlman syndrome" should be dropped.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1976

Familial juvenile adenomatous polyposis.

Most colonic polyps in children are of the juvenile type and occur either as single or scattered colonic polyps. The peak incidence occurs between 4 and 6 yr of age, with a spontaneous decline from 12 to 15 yr. Significant clinical symptoms are rare, and operative therapy is rarely indicated. Diffuse colonic juvenile polyposis, however, varies with different clinical, prognostic, and genetic implications. In infancy, colonic polyposis may be associated with diffuse gastrointestinal involvement leading to fatal complications unless treated aggressively. In childhood, colonic polyposis can occur with a genetic variance with an increased incidence of familial intestinal malignancies. Colonic polyposis in childhood, both familial and nonfamilial, can present with a mixed form of juvenile and adenomatous polyposis. In children with colonic polyposis, the biopsy of a single polyp that reveals the histologic appearance of a juvenile polyp does not rule out the simultaneous existence of adenomatous polyps.

Adolescent↗