Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E G Bing.
Social and cultural issues may have a profound impact on different populations' responses to the AIDS epidemic. To maximize their own effectiveness, clinicians need to be aware of special needs and concerns.
Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats were given saline, histamine (1.25, 2.5 or 5.0 micrograms/kg) or acetylcholine (1.0 or 2.0 micrograms/kg). Both agents caused a dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure which was greater in the spontaneously hypertensive animals. The permeability of the blood brain-barrier was measured with 131I-labelled serum albumin (RISA) or with 99mTc-sodium pertechnetate (TcO4-). The lowest dose of histamine caused a decrease in permeability of the blood-brain barrier to serum albumin in normotensive rats and acetylcholine caused an increase. Only the largest dose of histamine increased the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to serum albumin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. All doses of histamine and acetylcholine increased the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to sodium per technetate in nomotensive rats and the two lower doses of histamine increased the permeability in spontaneously hypertensive animals. This provides another example of the dissociation of change in the systemic blood pressure and change in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between alcohol consumption and self-reported compliance with prescribed therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus among underserved minority patients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional sampling of consecutive patients with diabetes was performed following routine visits to their primary care physicians. Interviewers measured compliance using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Questionnaire and alcohol use using the timeline followback method and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. SETTING: Seven inner-city medical clinics that provide primary care services to low-income residents of South Central Los Angeles, Calif. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 392 ethnic minority patients (61% Hispanic, 29% African American) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-report compliance with prescribed diet, exercise, home glucose monitoring, medications, and outpatient follow-up. RESULTS: Drinking any alcohol-containing beverage within 30 days was associated with poorer adherence to prescribed dietary recommendations for the consumption of fiber (t = 2.4; P<.05), fat (t = 4.2; P<.01), sweets (t = 2.7; P<.01), and energy (calories) (t = 2.0; P<.05). Drinkers were also less likely to exercise for at least 20 minutes per day (t = 2.2; P<.05), comply with oral medication regimens (t = 4.6; P<.01), or attend outpatient follow-up visits (r = -0.11; P<.05). Alcohol use did not significantly alter compliance with home glucose monitoring, insulin use, or hemoglobin A(1c) levels, although there was a trend toward higher hemoglobin A(1c) levels among drinkers (11.0 vs 10.4). Multivariate analysis of the data demonstrates that when demographic characteristics, health care utilization, and other diabetes-related variables are held constant, the relation between alcohol use and dietary compliance remained significant. CONCLUSION: Alcohol consumption may be associated with poorer compliance with recommendations for some self-care behaviors among inner-city minority patients with diabetes. Arch Fam Med. 2000;9:964-970