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Biomedical subjects

E Fujimoto

Publications and source records attributed to E Fujimoto.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effects of oxygen concentration on embryonic development in rats: a light and electron microscopic study using whole-embryo culture techniques.

By using a whole-embryo culture technique (New 1978), the effects of oxygen concentration (5%, 20% and 95% oxygen) on embryonic development in the rat were investigated by light and electron microscopy. The best embryonic development occurred when the 9.5-day-old embryos were cultured for 24 h with 5% oxygen, and the 10.5-day-old embryos with 20% oxygen (optimum oxygen concentration). When the 9.5- and 10.5-day-old embryos were cultured for 24 h with too little or too much oxygen, retardation of the embryonic growth and abnormal development was observed. Using light microscopy, numerous degenerating cells, exhibiting granular deposits in the cytoplasm, were seen, but the distribution of the degenerating cells was quite different between the two groups. With electron microscopy, the most striking feature of the degenerating cells in the embryos cultured with too little oxygen, was the extreme swelling of the mitochondria without any morphological alterations of the nucleus or the other cell organelles. On the other hand, the characteristic feature of the degenerating cells in the embryos exposed to too much oxygen, was the formation of phagolysosomes in the cytoplasm. Morphological alterations of the nucleus or mitochondria were not evident. In the present study, the possible teratogenic mechanism of too much or too little oxygen in the whole-embryo culture of the rat embryo is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Localization of the genetic defect in familial adenomatous polyposis within a small region of chromosome 5.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), a Mendelian disorder that includes familial polyposis coli (FPC) and Gardner syndrome (GS), has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. It is characterized by hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps that can progress to carcinoma of the colon, suggesting that the gene that harbors the FAP germ-line mutation may play an important role in the somatic genetic pathway to colon cancer. The defect responsible for FAP was recently mapped to the long arm of chromosome 5 by linkage between the FPC phenotype and a locus defined by DNA probe pC11p11 (D5S71), located at 5q21-22. Because an important next step in the paradigm for identification of a disease gene is to obtain a more precise localization, we isolated and mapped by linkage six additional polymorphic DNA markers in the FAP region. Subsequent linkage analysis in six pedigrees, three having the FPC phenotype and three segregating GS, placed the FAP locus very close to a new marker, YN5.48 (D5S81), that is approximately 17 centimorgans distal to C11p11 on the genetic map. The analysis revealed no evidence of genetic heterogeneity between the two phenotypes, a question that had not been clearly resolved by the earlier studies. The new set of markers in the near vicinity of the FAP locus represents a further step toward isolation of the genetic defect and provides the opportunity for preclinical diagnosis of risk status for colon cancer among individuals in families that are segregating adenomatous polyposis.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1987

Variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) markers for human gene mapping.

A large collection of good genetic markers is needed to map the genes that cause human genetic diseases. Although nearly 400 polymorphic DNA markers for human chromosomes have been described, the majority have only two alleles and are thus uninformative for analysis of genetic linkage in many families. A few known marker systems, however, detect loci that respond to restriction enzyme cleavage by producing a fragment that can have many different lengths. This polymorphism is due to variation in the number of tandem repeats of a short DNA sequence. Because most individuals will be heterozygous at such loci, these markers will provide linkage information in almost all families. Ten oligomeric sequences derived from the tandem repeat regions of the myoglobin gene, the zeta-globin pseudogene, the insulin gene, and the X-gene region of hepatitis B virus, were used to develop a series of single-copy probes. These probes revealed new, highly polymorphic genetic loci whose allele sizes reflected variation in the number of tandem repeats.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1987

Histochemical studies of the differentiation of microglial cells in the cerebral hemispheres of chick embryos and chicks.

Using histochemical procedures to reveal the presence of nucleoside diphosphatase (NDPase), thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) and acid phosphatase (AcPase), we investigated the appearance, distribution and ultrastructure of amoeboid and microglial cells in the cerebral hemispheres of chick embryos and young chicks, in order to elucidate the relationship between these two cell populations. On day 6 of incubation, a few round cells exhibiting NDPase, TPPase and AcPase activity were first detected in the thin mantle layer of the cerebral hemisphere. In the corpus striatum, these round cells increased rapidly in abundance until day 13 of incubation, after which their numbers gradually decreased, so that, on day 19 of incubation, they had entirely disappeared. Between day 10 and day 17 or 18 of incubation, round cells were located mainly in the zone of the mantle layer closest to the lumen. On day 10 of incubation, NDPase-, TPPase- and AcPase-positive cells that had a few short cytoplasmic processes (poorly ramified cells) were detected in the intermediate and basal zones of mantle layer. They increased in abundance until day 17 or 18 of incubation and thereafter rapidly decreased in number. Round and poorly ramified cells exhibited NDPase activity on their plasma membranes and in their cytoplasmic vacuoles, with TPPase and AcPase activity being localized within their vacuoles. On day 19 of incubation, NDPase- and TPPase-positive cells with long, well-ramified cytoplasmic processes (well-ramified cells) were observed in the corpus striatum, these being mainly localized in the basal zone. After hatching, these cells increased rapidly in abundance and were distributed throughout the corpus striatum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
PubMed1986

Patient medication instruction and provider interactions: effects on knowledge and attitudes.

This prospective study examines whether a patient medication instruction sheet (PMI) given to clinic patients by their health care provider affects knowledge and/or attitudes with thiazide diuretic use as part of an antihypertensive regimen. Adult male patients (N = 285) in a general medicine clinic were assigned to groups receiving the American Medical Association PMI describing their diuretic. Patients getting the PMI obtained it either directly from their provider or at the pharmacy dispensing window. All patients were surveyed by phone 1 week following the clinic visit with regard to the PMI, knowledge of medication use, and attitudes toward drug use. Results indicate that a provider-dispensed PMI results in higher levels of drug knowledge and greater patient satisfaction with their knowledge than a pharmacy-dispensed PMI. In addition, the PMIs educational value may be lessened by an incomplete verbal consult. This study demonstrates that the AMA PMI is an effective educational tool when distributed by a provider and can promote better understanding and use of prescribed medications.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Acetylcholinesterase activity in neural crest cells of the early chick embryo.

The appearance and distribution of AChE activity in the neural crest cells of the chick embryo were histochemically investigated. Prior to closure of the neural tube, neural crests were not demonstrated and most of the cells constituting the neural plate and the more lateral ectoderm were AChE-negative. With the closure of the neural tube, the neural crests assumed the form of a cell mass in its mid-dorsal portion and AChE activity was demonstrated in some elements of both tube and crests. The neural crest cells beginning to migrate ventrally or laterally were AChE-positive, and some showed intense enzymatic activity. Electron microscopically, the neural crest cells and the cells migrating from the neural crest displayed AChE activity in the cisternae of the nuclear envelope and in a few r-ER profiles, but were morphologically undifferentiated. As assessed by 3H-thymidine autoradiography, these cells possessed the potential to proliferate. These findings indicate that with the formation of the neural tube and neural crest, cells constituting these structures begin to differentiate with respect to AChE activity and that the enzyme appears in the neural crest cells before the onset of neuronal differentiation.

Acetylcholinesterase↗