Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Friedman

Publications and source records attributed to E Friedman.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Variations in characteristics and service needs of persons with autism.

Information concerning socio-demographics, disability characteristics, and services received and needed became available on approximately 900 autistic children and adults as a result of a statewide needs assessment and case-finding collection project conducted in New York. Analyses of the results confirmed other findings as to the predominance of males to females and a high concomitant occurrence of mental retardation. Results also showed a population having few problems with mobility, hearing or vision, but moderate deficits in most skills related to activities of daily living, and significant deficits in communication and basic independent functioning skills. Differences were observed between institutionalized and noninstitutionalized autistic persons in terms of level of retardation, functional skills, age, and use of medications. Implications of the findings are drawn for clinicians, administrators, and public policy makers.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1983

Coupling interval and types of ventricular ectopic activity associated with ventricular runs.

Repetitive 10-hour ECG recordings of 289 patients obtained within a year after myocardial infarction were analyzed for the presence of ventricular runs, and their association with various types of ventricular ectopic activity (VEA), average rate of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), and coupling interval of PVCs initiating the runs. Tapes which contained complex VEA (bigeminy, multiform PVCs, couplets, or runs), early PVCs (coupling interval less than 400 msec), or late PVCs (coupling interval greater than 600 msec) had a substantially higher average PVC rate than those without them. The occurrence of ventricular runs was significantly more likely in tapes having other complex VEA or late PVCs than in those without them, and when tapes were stratified by PVC rates the presence of these dysrhythmias appeared to have an independent predictive value for the occurrence of runs. In contrast, the influence of early PVCs on the occurrence of runs was rather minimal, and this seemed to be related to their common association with the PVC rate. Furthermore, a larger percentage of isolated PVCs had coupling intervals between 400 msec and 600 msec, and most couplets (77%) and runs (67.8%) were initiated by PVCs with coupling intervals in this range. However, the proportion of either short (less than 400 msec) or long (greater than 600 msec) coupling interval PVCs initiating couplets or runs was significantly higher than those with intermediate coupling intervals (between 400 and 600 msec).

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1983

Long-term prognosis after first Q-wave (transmural) or non-Q-wave (nontransmural) myocardial infarction: analysis of 593 patients.

Follow-up results in 593 patients less than or equal to 7 years (mean 4.7) after hospital discharge for their first myocardial infarction (MI) are presented. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of Q waves on electrocardiograms after the MI and by peak serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) level during hospitalization. Cardiac mortality varied. Patients with Q-wave infarcts and an SGOT level less than or equal to 240 IU/liter had a cardiac mortality of 3.1% per year, whereas patients with Q-wave MI and an SGOT level greater than 240 IU/liter had an 11% 6-month mortality and a 3.8% per year cardiac mortality thereafter. However, patients with non-Q-wave (nontransmural) MI had a excellent survival rate for 2 years (96.8%) which continued in patients aged less than or equal to 60 years thereafter. However, patients with non-Q-wave infarcts aged greater than 60 years had a 12% per year cardiac mortality in the third post-MI year and an additional 12% died each year thereafter. Early mortality was related to enzyme level, whereas late mortality was a function of type (Q-wave or non-Q-wave) and age.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Loss of cholinergic neurons in the rat neocortex produces deficits in passive avoidance learning.

Bilateral kainic acid lesions of the ventral globus pallidus produced a significant and selective cortical decrease in choline acetyltransferase activity in the rat brain. When lesioned and control subjects were compared on performance of a step-through passive avoidance task, lesioned rats showed a marked retention deficit 24 hr after the initial training trial. This experimentally-induced memory deficit associated with a cortical cholinergic neuronal loss resembles the deficits in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and may provide a useful animal model for studying the disease.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1983

Unsuspected urethral stricture presenting as acute water intoxication.

We report a case of an unsuspected urethral stricture that caused acute water intoxication with generalized convulsions. The patient drank excessive amounts of water in an attempt to relieve obstruction. Osmolality, water balance and renal function returned to normal after relief of obstruction. A urethral stricture should be considered in the diagnosis of a patient with severe dilutional hyponatremia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Expression of gastric-associated antigens by human premalignant and malignant colonic epithelial cells.

A rabbit antiserum prepared to 2nd-trimester fetal organ extracts and absorbed with adult tissue (anti-STFa) was used to detect antigens common to 2nd-trimester fetal large bowel, normal adult stomach, several colon carcinoma cells (in primary and established cultures) and epithelial cells cultured from benign colonic polyps. The frequency of anti-STFa-positive cells was highest in cultures derived from benign tumors known to be associated with a greater degree of premalignancy. Thus, the percentage of antigen-positive cells increased from 18 and 43% to 70% of cultures from tubular, villotubular and villous adenomas, respectively. Considerable heterogeneity in the distribution of antigen-containing cells was evident within any given area of a positive culture. Absorption experiments, using a spectrum of fetal and normal adult tissue extracts, indicated that the adenoma-carcinoma specificity resides in fetal, but not adult, large bowel and normal adult stomach.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Serotonergic innervation of the rat pituitary intermediate lobe: decrease after stalk section.

Serotonin (5-HT)-containing nerve fibers and terminals, but not cell bodies, have been demonstrated by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry in the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary. Seven days after pituitary stalk transection, 5-HT immunoreactive fibers disappeared almost entirely from the intermediate lobe. Intermediate lobe 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations, measured by high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection, fell to 56% and 62% of control, respectively. There were no changes in 5-HT concentrations in anterior or posterior lobes of the pituitary or in the median eminence. These findings, and the failure of sympathectomy to cause a drop in pars intermedia 5-HT, indicate that in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary neuronal 5-HT originates in cells situated in the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Functionality of thyroid-stimulating antibodies assessed by cryopreserved human thyroid cell bioassay.

Immunoglobulin preparations from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease may inhibit the binding of 125I-labeled bovine TSH to solubilized TSH receptors without exhibiting concurrent thyroid stimulation. Such data have emphasized the continuing need for assay of biological function in addition to binding inhibition. We have employed a convenient technique using normal human thyroid cells cultured in monolayers for 7 days and then cryopreserved in liquid N2. Thyroid stimulation was assessed by measuring intracellular cAMP accumulation in a modified hypotonic Hank's Balanced Salt Solution using approximately 30,000 cells/well. Forty-five consecutive unselected immunoglobulin samples from hyperthyroid Graves' patients were assayed at 10 mg/ml protein for 2 h. Thirty-two (71%) of these untreated samples and 3 of 13 (23%) samples from treated euthyroid Graves' patients caused significantly greater stimulation than normal Ig prepared and assayed simultaneously. Forty-four percent of the positive samples were of low titer, causing less than a 200% increase in basal cAMP levels. One high titer sample (12,000% increase) had even greater bioactivity when serially diluted, thus suggesting the presence of an inhibitor, a phenomenon not observed in 20 lower titer and negative preparations. These data indicate the convenience and usefulness of a cryopreserved thyroid cell bioassay and emphasize that only low titers of thyroid-stimulating antibody occur in the peripheral circulation of many Graves' patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Salaried doctors.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Institutional Practice↗
PubMed1983

Digital doctors.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1983

Effect of chronic lithium treatment on rat pineal rhythms: N-acetyltransferase, N-acetylserotonin and melatonin.

Chronic lithium treatment in rats suppressed the peak activity of pineal N-acetyltransferase as well as the maximal concentrations of pineal N-acetylserotonin and melatonin which occur during the dark phase of the light/dark cycle. These changes were not related to changes in the precursor indoles tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan and serotonin, which were unaltered by lithium treatment. The change in N-acetyltransferase activity appears in part to be due to a decreased Vmax of the enzyme, as assessed using tryptamine as the substrate. Lithium also suppressed pineal activity during the light phase of the diurnal lighting cycle as indicated by a markedly reduced cyclic AMP response to L-isoproterenol. In addition, lithium treatment elicited a 1- to 3-hr delay in peak pineal N-acetyltransferase activity. These effects may result from a lithium-induced desensitization of pineal beta adrenergic receptors, from a direct effect of the ion on the suprachiasmatic nucleus and/or from an action on a site distal to this hypothalamus nucleus.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1983

Resistant geriatric depressions and therapeutic response to monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Elderly depressed patients who met the research diagnostic criteria (RDC) for major depressive illness, resistant to other types of treatment, were treated with phenelzine, a nonselective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, for a period of 2 to 7 weeks, following 2 weeks of placebo washout period. Dosage ranged from 15-75 mg daily. Clinical status of patients as well as vital signs, EKG, and platelet MAO inhibition were measured weekly. All responders at the end of this period were followed for 1 to 2 years. Analysis of the results showed a 65% response rate as measured by Hamilton, Global, and Self-rating Scales. No significant drug effect in cognitive functioning, as measured by objective cognitive tests, was observed. Clinical improvement was sustained for all participants throughout the follow-up period with no side effects. A direct relationship between platelet MAO inhibition and clinical response was found. The majority of the responders (70%) had achieved high platelet MAO inhibition values (greater than 80%), while most of the nonresponders had platelet MAO inhibition values of less than 80%. These findings have potential clinical and research implications for treating geriatric depression, especially the ones resistant to other forms of treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetics of chlorimipramine and its demethylated metabolite in blood and brain regions of rats treated acutely and chronically with chlorimipramine.

The pharmacokinetic profiles for chlorimipramine (CIM) and its demethylated metabolite desmethylchlorimipramine (DCIM) in blood and in specific brain regions were obtained in rats after acute or chronic treatment with 15 mg/kg of the tricyclic antidepressant CIM. In blood, chronic drug treatment resulted in 1) a decrease in the time to maximal concentration of DCIM; 2) increases in maximal concentrations of CIM and of DCIM; and 3) a decrease in T1/2 of elimination of both CIM and DCIM. These changes induced a small reduction in the area under the CIM curve and a 4-fold increase in the area under the DCIM curve. In brain, both CIM and DCIM were unevenly distributed after both treatment schedules. Maximal accumulations of CIM and DCIM elimination were greatly enhanced in all brain areas by the chronic treatment. In brain, the area under the CIM concentration-time curve was only slightly affected by the chronic treatment, chronic drug treatment induced a 4-fold increase in the DCIM area. The subcellular distribution of CIM and DCIM in brain was similar in the acutely and chronically treated animals. The highest specific activity was found in the soluble fraction. These results demonstrate 1) regional brain differences in CIM and DCIM distribution and accumulation; 2) differences in pharmacokinetics between acute and chronic tricyclic antidepressant drug treatment regimens; and 3) differences between blood and brain drug and metabolite pharmacokinetics were observed which suggest that generalizations based on blood parameters should be made with great caution.

Animals↗