Osler was wrong: you are a preventionist.
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Preventive Medicine↗
Biomedical subjects
E Frank
Publications and source records attributed to E Frank.
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus: clinical symptoms, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment.
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
The Women Physicians' Health Study: background, objectives, and methods.
A methodologically compelling reason to collect health-related data on physicians is that it is relatively reliable, easy, and cost effective data to collect. Physicians are capable of answering comparatively complex medical and nonmedical questions in a survey format, and most of these data are unavailable or difficult to obtain from other sources (eg, medical records). In addition, we will be able to recontact this cohort with relative ease, to determine, for example, the effect of time on health behaviors, counseling practices, and health status. This is the first large-scale study of the demographic and psychosocial characteristics as well as the health behaviors, health status, and counseling practices of women physicians. This study should help answer many important questions about women, physicians, and women physicians.
Adult↗
Improvements in cholesterol-related knowledge and behavior and plasma cholesterol levels in youths during the 1980s.
This article examines cholesterol-related knowledge, cholesterol-related behaviors, and plasma cholesterol levels in 12-24-year-olds, using data collected from four community-based cross-sectional surveys conducted 1979-1980, 1981-1982, 1985-1986, and 1989-1990. Participants included 1,552 individuals from randomly sampled households in two control cities (San Luis Obispo and Modesto, California) of the Stanford Five-City Project. Over the eleven-year study period, cholesterol-related knowledge improved in both control cities (P < .0002). Cholesterol-related behavior (P < .0003) and plasma cholesterol levels (P < .002) significantly improved only in San Luis Obispo (a college city with more 19-24-year-olds and a better-educated population than Modesto). In general, knowledge and behavior scores and plasma cholesterol levels were lower in these 12-24-year-olds than in 25-74-year-olds, although trends at all ages were similar over time and by demographic variables. Although the cholesterol-related interventions that began in the mid-1980s primarily targeted adults, these 12-24-year-olds' cholesterol-related knowledge improved (as did, to a lesser extent, their cholesterol-related behavior and plasma cholesterol levels). These findings have implications for upcoming youth-related cholesterol interventions.
Adolescent↗
Effect of hyposensitization for tree pollinosis on associated apple allergy.
Twenty patients suffering from birch pollen allergy received two or three courses of immunotherapy in successive years. In 9 patients, the fruit allergy improved; 4 patients reported no improvement. In 3 patients, the fruit allergy developed after beginning the immunotherapy. At the end of the 3 years, 16 of these patients were allergic to fruit, 13 of them to apple. After each preseasonal course of immunotherapy with tree pollen extract, a temporal and parallel increase in the titers of IgE antibodies to birch pollen allergens and apple allergens were observed. In contrast, only the titers of birch pollen allergen specific IgG and IgG4 increased, whereas apple allergen specific IgG and IgG4 did not, or only very slightly. In Western blot studies, IgG4 antibodies bound to more components of apple extract than birch pollen extract. On the average, IgG4 antibodies recognize more components of apple and birch pollen extracts than do IgE antibodies. In histamine release studies, the sensitivity of washed leukocytes to birch pollen extract decreased significantly during the observation time. However, the difference between apple extract-induced histamine release before and after immunotherapy was not significant. None of the immunological parameters investigated here correlate well with severity or prognosis of the fruit (apple) allergy. The clinical improvement of pollinosis was associated with a rise in birch pollen specific IgG4 antibody titers and a decrease of allergen-induced histamine liberation. Beside improvement of the fruit allergy in 56% of the cases, the courses of apple specific IgE and IgG4 antibody titers seem to indicate a slight sensitization against apple allergens.
Adult↗
Harassment of women physicians.
This paper reviews current knowledge about the prevalence, characteristics, and costs of sexual harassment of women medical students and physicians. It also addresses the limited research on other forms of physician and student harassment, and notes the kinds of information that are still needed.
Female↗