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Biomedical subjects

E Fosse

Publications and source records attributed to E Fosse.

84 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Granulocytes in bronchial lavage fluid after major vascular surgery.

Increased numbers of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) in the airways, as measured by PMN content in bronchial lavage fluid (P less than 0.01), were found 3 h postoperatively in ten patients undergoing surgery for lumbar aortic aneurysms. An increase in plasma levels of the complement split product C3dg from 6 (0-19) AU/ml preoperatively to 20 (13-50) AU/ml 3 h after surgery (P less than 0.01), indicates an activation of the complement cascade. These changes were not accompanied by increased elastase activity in the bronchial lavage fluid or by major changes in pulmonary blood gas exchange or vascular resistance, indicating that massive PMN activation, analogous to that proposed in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) had not taken place. In conclusion, complement system activation and migration of PMN into the airways, as seen in connection with major vascular surgery, does not seem to contribute to ARDS-type pulmonary dysfunction.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Effects of methylprednisolone on complement activation and leukocyte counts during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Generation of the complement activation products C3dg and terminal complement complex (TCC) and numerical changes in peripheral granulocytes (PMN) and lymphocytes were assessed in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery with extracorporeal circulation (ECC). Fluid from bronchial lavage performed preoperatively and 4 hours postoperatively was analyzed for granulocyte elastase activity and PMN content. Ten of the 20 patients received methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg b.w.) immediately before ECC. No difference was found between them and the control group regarding C3dg and TCC, and both groups showed similar postoperative decrease of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The postoperative PMN count in peripheral blood was significantly higher in the methylprednisolone group than in the controls from 12 hours onwards. In bronchial lavage fluid the postoperative PMN count was unaltered in the methylprednisolone group, but significantly increased in the controls. No granulocyte elastase activity was found before or after surgery in either group. The results indicated that methylprednisolone does not affect complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass, but increases the granulocytes in peripheral blood postoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Complement activation during major operations with or without cardiopulmonary bypass.

Plasma concentrations of the complement products C3dg and the terminal complement complex, as well as the number of granulocytes (polymorphonuclear neutrophils), were assessed in patients undergoing aorta-coronary bypass with extracorporeal circulation, abdominal aneurysmectomy with implantation of an aortic graft, or thoracotomy without the introduction of synthetic material into the circulation. The concentration of terminal complement complex increased significantly only in the group undergoing extracorporeal circulation, with a corresponding drop in the number of granulocytes. In contrast, the C3dg concentration increased during both extracorporeal circulation and abdominal aneurysmectomy, which indicates that other factors than extracorporeal circulation may affect C3 activation during major operations. In the thoracotomy group, where the most pronounced increase in granulocytes was found, no complement activation was recorded. It is concluded that extracorporeal circulation activates the terminal pathway of complement and that assays detecting activation of both the initial and the terminal parts should be included when the pathophysiology of complement is examined during major operations and extracorporeal circulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Complement activation following multiple injuries.

Complement activation was evaluated by assay of plasma C3dg and the terminal complement complex (TCC) in 19 patients with multiple injuries. In the nine patients with thoracic involvement, statistically significant increase of plasma TCC was found at first sampling (average 90 min post-trauma), and of C3dg after 24 hours. Such increase was not found in the ten patients without thoracic involvement. Heightened granulocyte elastase activity was found in bronchial lavage fluid 90 min after the trauma in three patients with thoracic injury. Pulmonary insufficiency (pO2/FiO2 less than 16 kPa on intermittent positive-pressure ventilation) arose in four patients. All four had raised plasma levels of TCC or C3dg on arrival at the hospital. Six patients with complement activation did not show pulmonary insufficiency. Although the series was relatively small, the results indicate that thoracic injury is particularly associated with complement activation, and that complement activation alone does not suffice to produce post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

An outbreak of group B meningococcal disease: tracing the causative strain of Neisseria meningitidis by DNA fingerprinting.

Following an outbreak of meningococcal disease in three schoolchildren in a small community in northern Norway, DNA fingerprinting, serotyping with monoclonal antibodies, serogrouping, and sulfonamide sensitivity testing were applied for characterization and tracing of the causative agent. The three case isolates were genomically indistinguishable, sulfonamide-resistant, serogroup B, serotype 15 meningococci. Throat specimens were collected from 552 healthy contacts, including all children below age 17 and their parents. Among the 36 carrier isolates (carrier rate, 6.5%) 13 showed DNA fingerprints identical, or almost identical, to the index pattern. All of these 13 isolates were sulfonamide resistant, 12 were of serotype 15, and 8 were of polysaccharide serogroup B (5 were nongroupable). These closely related isolates were almost exclusively recovered from schoolchildren of 2 of 15 small villages, one of which included the homes of two of the patients. The remaining 23 carrier isolates were nonresistant, non-type 15 meningococci of widely differing DNA restriction patterns. Our results confirm that DNA fingerprinting has potential as an efficient tool in practical meningococcal epidemiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Cell markers in stored blood.

Patients subjected to major injury and major operations often receive large quantities of stored blood. In units of whole blood the most common cell markers of lymphocytes were studied when the blood had been stored for 1 week. The blood was studied both before and after passing through a microfilter. The reduction in the total white blood cell count was substantially due to a decrease in the number of granulocytes. The percentage of lymphocytes forming E-rosettes was reduced from 69 to 17 per cent following 24 hours of storage, while the percentage of lymphocytes exhibiting non-specific esterase activity was not reduced after 1 week. The proportion of lymphocytes with surface-bound immunoglobulin (Ig) was increased. This increase was due to secondary Ig binding to lymphocytes carrying Fc receptors. The proportion of lymphocytes forming EA-rosettes was unaltered throughout the study. There was little loss of cells after filtration.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMed1985

White blood cell populations in patients undergoing major vascular surgery.

In 16 patients undergoing major vascular surgery, study was made of variations in white blood cell populations, cortisol concentration, pulmonary vascular resistance and intrapulmonary shunting. Six hours post-operatively the number of circulating lymphocytes and the relative proportion of T-lymphocytes were significantly reduced. During and after operation the relative proportion of T-suppressor cells rose from 20.5 to 44.8% of all lymphocytes. There was corresponding fall in T-helper cells. The proportion of lymphocytes with surface-bound Ig (B-lymphocytes) did not alter during surgery. No correlation was found between the number of circulating white blood cells and the haemodynamic parameters. Intrapulmonary shunting, which was increased already before operation, remained unchanged during and after surgery. Cortisol levels increased significantly and peaked 6 hours postoperatively. Significant correlations were found between cortisol levels and reduction in total number of lymphocytes and in percentage of T-lymphocytes. The study thus demonstrated significant changes in white blood cell populations following major vascular surgery and indicated a correlation between lymphocyte concentration and cortisol level.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The new interventional centre--a multidisciplinary R&D clinic for interventional radiology and minimal access surgery.

The National Hospital wanted to coordinate and promote the development of new minimally invasive procedures by structuring collaboration and communication across traditional speciality boundaries. To achieve this, a new hospital department has been established, a 'neutral ground' for working with such clinical applications in multi-disciplinary teams with surgeons, radiologists, cardiologists etc., individually composed for the type of intervention to be performed. The Interventional Centre also represents a full fusion of a modern radiology department with a state-of-the-art operating department, securing the use of relevant imaging technologies, aseptic conditions and options of converting any 'key-hole' procedure to open, conventional surgery within minutes. The Centre represents a new organizational model for such activities. It is also a technology centre, a common 'tool-box' securing better access and higher quality for the use of advanced radiological and surgical technology in our hospital.

Hospital Departments↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mediastinal fibrosis. A case report.

Mediastinal fibrosis may be part of a multifocal fibrotic disease, including retroperitoneal fibrosis, lung fibrosis and Riedel's struma. A case of mediastinal fibrosis, with a previous history of retroperitoneal fibrosis and lung fibrosis, is discussed. There are many known causes of retroperitoneal and mediastinal fibrosis, but as in the present case the etiology often remains unknown.

Biopsy↗