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Biomedical subjects

E Fischer

Publications and source records attributed to E Fischer.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Choleric potencies of some bile acids and their effect on biliary excretion of eosin in the rat.

The effect of bile acids on bile flow and biliary excretion of eosine (80 mg/kg i.v.) has been investigated in anaesthetized (urethane 1.2 g/kg i.p.), bile duct-cannulated female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180--220 g. The biliary flow was significantly enhanced by cholic acid, glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and dehydrocholic acid (each in a dose of 100 mg/kg i.v.). However, it was definitely decreased by lithocholic acid (10o mg/kg i.v.). The biliary excretion of eosine was increased by cholic acid and dehydrocholic acid, whereas it was decreased by chenodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid. Deoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid and taurocholic acid had no effect on the biliary excretion rate of eosine. These results suggest that no parallelism exists between the choleretic effect of bile acids and their influence on the biliary excretion of eosin.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Qualitative differences in the hepatobiliary transport of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and its glutathione conjugate (BSP-GSH).

The effect of phenobarbital pretreatment (PB; 75 mg/kg i.p. once daily for 5 days) and the simultaneous administration of taurocholate (TC; 200 mumol/kg i.v.), eosin(EO; 40-160 mumol/kg i.v.) and iodoxamic acid (IA; 125--500 mumol/kg i.v.) on the hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of BSP (30--120 mumol/kg i.v.) and BSP--GSH (40--160 mumol/kg i.v.) was investigated on diethyl maleate (DEM)-pretreated rats. The biliary excretion of BSP was not influenced by PB and EO, while it was increased by TC and decreased by IA. In contrast, the excretion of BSP--GSH was not influenced by TC or IA, it was stimulated by PB and inhibited by EO. In the different experimental conditions the hepatic uptake of BSP and BSP--GSH changed similarly: PB did not influence, TC, EO and IA decreased the accumulation of BSP and BSP--GSH in the liver. These results indicate that qualitative differences exist in the hepatobiliary transport of BSP and BSP--GSH, which manifest themselves following their hepatic uptake.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A new human monoclonal cold agglutinin Sa recognizing terminal N-acetylneuraminyl groups on the cell surface.

A human homogeneous IgM/K cold agglutinin (CA) Sa is described, whose corresponding antigen on erythrocytes (RBC) was abolished by neuraminidase. This indicated that the antigen was related to N-acetylneuraminic acid, similar to Pr and Gd antigens. In contrast, this antigen was only partially destroyed by proteases, whereas Pr antigens are completely destroyed and Gd antigens are not influenced by proteases. Sa antibody activity was inhibited by sialyllactose NeuAc (alpha 2 leads to 3) (alpha 2 leads to 6) Gal (beta, 1 leads to 4) Glc like anti-Gd but in contrast to anti-Pr. The corresponding antigen was associated with an RBC membrane glycoprotein fraction like Pr, Sa is one of a spectrum of human monoclonal CA against cell surface neuraminyl groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Effect of cholestyramine-induced bile acid depletion on the hepatobiliary transport of cholephilic organic anions in rats.

Four hours after oral administration of cholestyramine (1.0 g/kg) the biliary output of bile acids decreased to 21 per cent of the control value. The biliary excretion of indocyanine green (ICG; 15--60 mumol/kg i.v.), rose bengal (RB; 15--60 mumol/kg i.v.), bromsulphthalein (BSP; 15--60 mumol/kg i.v.), bromcresol green (BCG;15--60 mumol/kg i.v.) and eosine (EO; 30--120 mumol/kg i.v.) was considerably depressed by cholestyramine pretreatment. The extent and duration of the reduction in the biliary excretion of organic anions in response to bile acid depletion were found to increase with their doses. In contrast, the biliary excretion rates of bromsulphthalein-glutathione conjugate (BSP-GSH; 60--240 mumol/kg i.v.) and amaranth (AM; 60--240 mumol/kg i.v.) remained unchanged following bile acid depletion. The hepatic uptake of the cholephilic agents investigated was not affected by bile acid depletion. It is concluded that the biliary excretion rates of ICG, RB, BSP, BCG and EO are dependent on the excretion rates of endogenous bile acids. The hepatic transport rates of BSP-GSH and AM, however, seem to be relatively insensitive to the biliary output of endogenous bile salts.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Development and regression of the hepatic microsomal enzyme induction and stimulation of biliary excretion produced by phenobarbital in rats.

The time-course effect of a single dose (75 mg/kg i.p.) of phenobarbital (PB) and that of prolonged PB treatment (75 mg/kg daily i.p., for 1 to 5 days) on the hepatic excretory and microsomal enzyme functions have been studied in rats. PB given in a single dose resulted in hypercholeresis 6 hr, an increase in the biliary excretion rate of bromcresol green and in hepatic cytochrome P-45 concentration 12 hr, and shortening of hexobarbital sleeping time 24 hr after the administration. All these changes, except the hypercholeresis, became gradually more apparent following the repeated daily administration of PB. Regression of the changes was faster in biliary excretory function than in microsomal function. Biliary flow and biliary output of bromcresol green returned to the control level at 72 hr after a single dose of PB or at 5 days after the cessation of a 5-day PB treatment, whereas enzyme induction was still apparent at those times. These results indicate that no close correlation in time exists between PB produced hepatic microsomal enzyme induction and the stimulatory effect of PB on biliary excretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of the effects of cholestyramine and aluminium hydroxide on the biliary bile acid excretion in rats. An experimental model for the depletion of bile acids in bile.

Bile flow and biliary excretion of dihydroxy- and trihydroxy-bile acids have been determined in control, cholestyramine (250--2000 mg/kg p.os)- and aluminium hydroxide (250--2000 mg/kg p.os)-pretreated rats. Cholestyramine proved to be a more potent bile acid depleting agent than aluminium hydroxide. The depressing effect of cholestyramine on bile flow was also more significant than that of aluminium hydroxide. Cholestyramine-pretreatment seemed to be a suitable experimental model for the depletion of bile acids in rat bile.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1980

Time course of the effects of phenobarbital on biliary flow and on the biliary excretion of bromcresol green in rats.

Biliary flow and the biliary excretion of bromcresol green were measured in rats injected i.p. with a single dose of phenobarbital, 75 mg/kg. Biliary flow began to increase 6 h after the injection, it reached a peak at 36 h and returned to the control level at 72 h. In the same rats, the enhanced biliary excretion of bromcresol green was first observed at 12 h, it reached a peak at 24 h and returned to the control level at 72 h. Other groups of rats received 75 mg/kg phenobarbital as daily i.p. dose over 5 days. In these groups, the increase in biliary flow did not exceed that measured in the rats given the single dose, however, the biliary excretion of bromcresol green reached its peak after a 4-day phenobarbital treatment. After the 5th day of treatment the biliary flow and the biliary excretion of bromcresol green remained significantly stimulated for 4 days and the changes in these parameters regressed on the fifth day following the last injection of phenobarbital. The changes in liver weight appeared not to run closely parallel either with the increase in biliary flow or with the enhancement of biliary excretion of bromcresol green. It is suggested that the changes in biliary flow and in the biliary excretion of bromcresol green take place by different mechanisms after phenobarbital administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Analytical characterization of palatinit (author's transl)].

The reaction product of the catalytic hydrogenation of isomaltulose (palatinose) is a mixture of alpha-D-glucopyranosido-1,6-sorbitol and alpha-D-glucopyranosido-1,6-mannitol designated palatinit. Because of its high potential as a sugar substitute methods for the identification and characterization of hydrogenation products and for the determination of palatinit as an ingredient in food preparations and biological samples are required. Several working procedures are described in full detail including thin layer and gas chromatography as well as enzymatic and chemical determinations.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1979

Cerebral toxoplasmosis in the adult.

We report a case of cerebral toxoplasmosis in an adult patient. The diagnosis was established by demonstration of Toxoplasma gondii in the cerebrospinal fluid, and the patient was evaluated by computed tomography.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The Lewis antigen system and its relevance for clinical transplantation.

The influence of the Lewis blood group system on transplant survival was studied retrospectively in 161 kidney transplantations. Le (a-b+) recipients had significantly higher graft survival rates than Le (a+b-) or Le (a-b-) recipients. From the known distribution of the Lewis blood groups among the European population, a high percentage of Lewis-compatible transplants would be expected among Le (a-b+) recipients in contrast to the Le (a+b-) and Le (a-b-) recipients. Other factors which are known to influence transplant prognosis such as HLA-match between donor and recipient, ischemic time of the transplants and pretransplant blood transfusions did not differ significantly in any of the three groups studied. Our data again suggest the relevance of the Lewis blood group system for clinical kidney transplantation. The findings should be confirmed by prospective typing of donor and recipient for Lewis antigens.

Graft Survival↗
PubMed1979

Influence of the Lewis blood group system on clinical kidney transplantation.

The different Lewis phenotypes were determined retrospectively in 201 kidney transplant recipients. Transplant survival rates in Lewis compatible recipients were significantly higher (p less than 0.0005) than in Lewis incompatible recipients. The improvement of transplant prognosis by matching for Lewis antigens was confirmed by a prospective study comprising 55 donor/recipient combinations. HLA matching had little benefit on transplant survival whereas survival rates are strikingly increased by Lewis compatibility. In the Lewis compatible but HLA mismatched group, graft survival was definitely higher than in the HLA matched but Lewis mismatched group. Our data indicate that Lewis antigens play an important role in transplant prognosis. Compatibility in the Lewis system should therefore be considered when recipients are selected.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1979

[Soft tissue changes of fingers in rheumatoid arthritis. Results of low k.v. radiographs in three views (author's transl)].

Based upon a large series of low k.v. radiographs of fingers in three views, the X-ray anatomy of the soft tissue of fingers is presented and soft tissue changes in joints, tendons and tendon sheaths due to rheumatoid arthritis as well as perifocal effects of the inflammatory process upon the subcutaneous tissue and the skin are described. Because of the resolution of even minute soft tissue changes it is possible to recognize the incipient stage of rheumatoid arthritis and of relapses devoid of clinical symptoms.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1979

Effect of sodium taurocholate on the hepatic transport of bromsulphthalein in rats.

In anaesthetized, bile duct-cannulated rats the hepatic transport of bromsulphthalein (BSP) showed a dose-dependent increase in response to simultaneous administration of taurocholate (TC). The excretion rates of both free (BSP) and conjugated bromsulphthalein (BSP-GSH) were significantly elevated by TC. The simultaneously given TC decreased the hepatic uptake of BSP and BSP-GSH, but did not influence the conjugation of BSP with glutathione (GSH) or the biliary excretion rate of exogenous BSP-GSH. When the liver was depleted of GSH by pretreatment with diethyl-maleate (DEM), TC increased the excretion of free BSP. In DEM-treated rats free BSP markedly depressed the biliary excretion of exogenous BSP-GSH. When TC was given simultaneously with BSP, the inhibitory effect of BSP on the excretion of exogenous BSP-GSH was significantly reduced. TC also diminished the depressing effect of BSP on state III respiration of liver mitochondria in vitro. It is concluded that this effect of TC may play a role also in the increased biliary excretion of intraphepatic conjugated BSP.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of sodium taurocholate on hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of organic anions in rats.

Hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of some exogenous organic anions administered simultaneously with sodium taurocholate (TC) have been investigated in anaesthetized (1.2 g/kg urethane i.p.) rats. TC (100 or 200 mumol/kg i.v.) significantly increased the biliary excretion of indocyanine green (ICG), bromcresol green (BCG), rose bengal (RB) and bromsulphthalein (BSP). The biliary excretion rates of eosine (EO) and bromsulphthalein-glutathione conjugate (BSP-GSH) were not affected by TC. However, simultaneously given TC significantly reduced the biliary excretion of amaranth (AM). The effect of TC on the biliary excretion rates of organic anions seems to depend on the properties of the anions investigated. ICG, BCG, RB and BSP depress bile production, inhibit mitochondrial respiration and are excreted at low rates. Biliary excretion of these anions was enhanced by TC. EO, BSP-GSH and AM had no depressing effect on the function of liver cells and showed higher excretory rates than the above-mentioned substances. The changes in biliary flow measured during excretion of drugs did not parallel the changes in biliary excretion rate. The hepatic uptake of all organic anions studied was depressed by TC. This finding indicates that no correlation exists between the effects of TC on hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of organic anions.

Animals↗