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Biomedical subjects

E Fischer

Publications and source records attributed to E Fischer.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Platelet aggregation and release of ATP in patients with hepatic cirrhosis.

The purpose of this study was to assess the platelet aggregation and releasable platelet ATP in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 10) and primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 10). In patients with liver disease a significant decrease was found in both adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation (P less than 0.01) and collagen-induced aggregation (P less than 0.001) compared with that of controls, but there was no significant difference between the two groups of patients. Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis release smaller amounts of ATP than patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, and compared with the controls there was a significant (P less than 0.001) decrease in the releasable ATP in the patient groups. These results suggest that platelets are damaged during an intravascular activation (loss of granules), which gives rise to their subsequent hypo-function when tested in vitro.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Deleterious effects of cardiopulmonary bypass. A prospective study of bubble versus membrane oxygenation.

A number of hematologic and immunologic parameters that reflect erythrocyte and platelet damage and host defense mechanisms against infection were studied in 20 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass during coronary operations. The patients were randomly assigned to a group in which a bubble oxygenator or a hollow-fiber membrane oxygenator was used. Hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and significant release of beta thromboglobulin occurred in patients from the bubble oxygenator group and, to much lesser extent, in patients from the membrane oxygenator group. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes from bubble oxygenator patients demonstrated increased generation of reactive oxygen species in the resting state and in the presence of the stimulating agents N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, concanavalin A, and opsonized zymosan, as compared with cells from membrane oxygenator patients. No difference was found between bubble and membrane oxygenator patients in the time of occurrence or intensity of leukopenia during bypass, of leukocytosis at the end of bypass, nor in the rate of complement activation, as assessed by quantitation of plasma C3a antigen. Complement activation was dependent on the alternative pathway. Immunoglobulin M concentration significantly decreased during bypass in both groups of patients. The serum opsonizing capacity for endotoxin and serum bactericidal activity for Serratia marcescens were decreased in both groups, mainly because of hemodilution, although they were additionally affected by bubble oxygenation. Several deleterious hematologic consequences of cardiopulmonary bypass can be minimized by the use of a membrane oxygenator. However, complement activation remains a potential risk factor even in membrane oxygenator patients and requires further investigation to obtain better hemocompatible materials for cardiopulmonary bypass circuits.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1985

[Synovitic and enthesitic changes in the hand during reflex dystrophy].

Synovial reactions do not only affect articular but also tenosynovial compartments as proven by low kV radiography in 3 views. Erosions develop in both compartments and also enthesitically at the insertions of fibrous structures. There are also localized osseous changes, which resemble localized areas of hyperparathyroidism. In cases with unilateral trauma of a lesser degree scintigraphic examination of the soft tissues and bones of the contralateral side may confirm the results. The response of the soft tissues and bones is more severe distally.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Soft tissue changes in the wrist in chronic polyarthritis. Results of weak-radiation exposures in 3 planes].

The x-ray anatomy of the soft tissues of the wrist in three views is described and the normal width of the joint capsules, tendon sheaths and tendons at 25 suitable measurement point determined. Only the saccular recess of the inferior radio-ulnar joint depends on sex and age. The normal width of the soft tissues differs considerably within a group of individuals but not between both sides of a single person. As the width of some soft tissues depends on slight deviations from the standard position an identical and exact position is a prerequisite when both sides are to be compared. The shape of the soft tissue changes in rheumatoid arthritis has been shown. Furthermore the incidence of pathologic soft tissue changes has been determined in 86 cases of early and later stages of rheumatoid arthritis. These values show the sensitivity of the 25 measurements. The analysis of soft tissues is an integral part of the assessment of arthropathies.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of ketohexosemia on the ketohexose transport in the small intestine of rats.

It was observed previously (Cs aky , T.Z. and Fischer, E. (1981) Diabetes 30, 568-574), that sustained hyperglycemia enhances the intestinal transport of aldohexoses ; on the other hand, hyperfructosemia affects primarily the transport of fructose. The present study examines in detail the hyperketosemia -induced intestinal ketose transport. Intravenously infused 3-O- methylfructose produces marked 3-O- methylfructosemia without concomitant hyperglycemia; in such animals the intestinal transport of both fructose and 3-O- methylfructose increased. The hyperketosemia -induced increased ketose transport was inhibited by phloretin but only if placed on the serosal compartment. Phlorizin affects neither the basal nor the induced intestinal ketohexose transport. The enhancement of the intestinal ketohexose transport is not sodium-dependent and is not inhibited by ouabain.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Study of the Zn-containing DD-carboxypeptidase of Streptomyces albus G by small-angle X-ray scattering in solution.

Study of the Zn2+-containing D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving carboxypeptidase of Streptomyces albus G by small-angle X-ray scattering in solution yielded the following molecular parameters: radius of gyration R = 1.82 +/- 0.05 nm; largest diameter D = 5.9 +/- 0.2 nm; relative molecular mass Mr = 17000 +/- 2000; volume V approximately equal to 35 +/- 2 nm3; degree of hydration: 0.25 +/- 0.02 g water/g protein. By reference to theoretical scattering curves of rigid triaxial homogeneous bodies, a model which fits all experimental data is an elliptical cylinder. Such a model is compatible with that observed in the crystal structure. At those high concentrations necessary to form inactive enzyme-ligand associations the non-competitive beta-lactam inhibitors, cephalothin and cephalosporin C, drastically altered the scattering behaviour of the protein.

Carboxypeptidases↗
PubMed1984

Protection of the classical and alternative complement pathway C3 convertases, stabilized by nephritic factors, from decay by the human C3b receptor.

Formation and function of the classical (C4b,2a) and alternative (C3b,Bb) complement pathway C3 convertases are regulated by the intrinsic lability of the enzymes, extrinsic decay by C4bp and H, cleavage of C4b and C3b by I, and by the inhibitory action of the C3b receptor molecule (CR1). Binding of C4 nephritic factor (C4Nef) to C4b and of C3 nephritic factor (C3Nef) to C3b stabilizes the C3 convertases and bypasses inactivation by C4bp, H and/or I. In the present study, binding of C4Nef to the classical C3 convertase was found to prevent decay of C4b,2a by inputs of CR1 that were at least 15 times the amount of CR1 which inactivated 50% unstabilized classical pathway C3 convertase sites in 2.5 min. CR1 could however inhibit lysis of C4b,2a(C4Nef)-bearing cells in a dose-dependent manner. The latter inhibitory effect was directed at the interaction of C5 with the C5 convertase, most likely at C5 binding to cell-bound C3b. In an analogous manner to C4Nef in the classical pathway, stabilization of alternative pathway C3b,Bb convertase sites by C3Nef resulted in a relative protection of C3 convertase sites from decay by CR1. Thus, C4Nef and C3Nef can bypass all mechanisms susceptible to regulate function of the classical and alternative pathway C3 convertases. Because CR1 is essential for degradation of C3b bound to immune complexes in whole blood, stabilization of C4b,2a and C3b,Bb by C4Nef and C3Nef may alter in vivo processing of immune complexes in patients with nephritic factors.

Complement Activating Enzymes↗
PubMed1984

[Fate of potassium and cesium-137 during cigarette smoking].

By comparison of the cesium-137 and potassium contents in the components of smoked and nonsmoked cigarettes of the same kind, the transfer rate in the mainstream smoke and in the sidestream smoke was found, to be appreciably smaller than 1%.

Cesium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1984

[Width of the normal tendon sheath in the 2d to 5th fingers in oblique exposures].

Oblique views of the fingers, using a low kilovolt technique, show a portion of the tendon sheaths which can be regarded as representative of the entire sheath. Because of the varying obliquity of each finger, this proportion differs in the fingers. With increasing age the projected portion of the sheath becomes smaller because it is covered by increasing bone formation in the insertion of the tendon sheath. Normal values have been obtained for adults according to their decades; from these, quite minor degrees of tendon sheath thickening can be determined. In camptodactyly of the fifth finger, which is not uncommon, the tendon sheath may be widened in the absence of a tenosynovitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Early arthrosis of the finger joints. The results of soft-ray pictures in 3 views].

Arthrosis of the digital joints begins predominantly on the volar joint surface and the volar-proximal margin of the head. Because of this localisation, and in order to obtain adequate contrast and definition, these early changes are best shown by means of low R.V. radiographs in three views. The early changes consist of the following local processes: intrachondral sclerosis, exomarginal and endomarginal subchondral sclerosis, discreet increase in the spongiosa; this leads to disrounding and hooklike form of the head; thickening or disappearance of the sub-marginal spongiosa and marginal defects. Artifacts produced by the projections or local bone variants must be recognised, as well as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.

Cartilage Diseases↗
PubMed1984

[Subligamentous resorption in the finger as an early sign of hyperparathyroidism].

Not infrequently, hyperparathyroidism first becomes manifest in the finger only by sub-ligamentous resorption at the point of attachment of the numerous structures or in combination with border-line subperiosteal resorption. A favourable target site are the bone prominences which serve for attachment of the cruciform part of the fibrous tendon sheath.

Aged↗