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Biomedical subjects

E F Walker

Publications and source records attributed to E F Walker.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The effects of familial risk factors on social-cognitive abilities in children.

Consistent with the results of previous studies of children with depressed parents, the present investigation of social-cognitive abilities with schizophrenic parents yields no evidence of deleterious effects of parental psychopathology. Similarly, maltreatment was not associated with social-cognitive deficits. The central conclusion to be drawn from these results is that social-cognition does not mediate the effects of these risk factors on child behavior, although social-cognition may serve as a moderator.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The positive/negative symptom distinction in psychoses. A replication and extension of previous findings.

The independence and internal consistency of Andreasen's positive and negative symptom scales was found to be good for schizophrenics but not for a comparison group of manic patients, supporting the assumption that the symptom distinction is diagnosis specific. Discriminant function analysis revealed that ratings of positive and negative symptoms are capable of predicting diagnostic category for the two groups with a high degree of accuracy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Identification and reporting of child maltreatment by Head Start personnel: attitudes and experiences.

A two-part questionnaire was administered to 143 Head Start personnel in order to determine how personal characteristics of the Head Start workers and the characteristics of the families they serve, affect the identification and reporting of child maltreatment. Of additional interest was whether some forms of maltreatment, once identified, would be more likely to be reported than other forms of maltreatment. The results support the efficacy of educational programs in child maltreatment for increasing the identification and reporting of maltreatment by workers. They also indicate that there are complex interactions between certain characteristics of the reporter (e.g., educational level) and prior training in maltreatment identification. Finally, neglect, although more frequently identified by the workers, appears to be least likely of all forms of maltreatment to be reported to official sources. Results are discussed in light of their implications for future research and practical application.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effects of parental absence and institutionalization on the development of clinical symptoms in high-risk children.

Longitudinal data on 207 Danish subjects at high-risk for schizophrenia (they have schizophrenic mothers) were examined to assess the direct and indirect effects of parental absence and institutionalization on the development of schizophrenic symptomatology. Information on the amount of parental absence and institutional child care during the first through 10th year was collected in 1962. A psychiatric evaluation, consisting of a standardized interview and two questionnaires (PSE and CAPPS), was administered to the subjects in 1972. Factors were constructed relating to eight clinical symptoms from the interview and questionnaires. Path analyses were performed separately for males and females with maternal absence, paternal absence and institutionalization as the predictors and the clinical syndromes as the dependent variables. The analyses showed both direct effects of parental absence and indirect effects mediated by institutionalization. For males, the absence of a schizophrenic mother was related to decreased symptomatology, but only when it did not result in institutionalization. Institutionalization was related to increased symptoms in males but not females. These results are discussed in light of previous research, and explanations are offered for the differential effects by sex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Effect of dietary Ca and Cd level of pregnant rats on reproduction and on dam and progeny tissue mineral concentrations.

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were used to determine the effects of the addition of 200 ppm of Cd (as CdCl2) to the diet factorially with two levels of dietary Ca (0.07% and 0.96%) on reproductive performance, concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca and Mg in dam liver and kidney and in newborn progeny. High Cd significantly increased liver and kidney Cd, Zn and Ca and decreased liver Fe. High dietary Ca partially protected against accumulation of Cd in liver and kidney but had no effect on concentration of other elements. Number of live or stillborn pups per litter was not significantly affected by diet but high Cd significantly reduced pup birth weight. No grossly abnormal pups were noted. Concentration of Cd in bodies of newborn pups was increased approximately 8.6-fold by high Cd in the diet of dams fed the 0.07% Ca-diet and 3.8-fold by high-Cd in the diet of dams fed the 0.96% Ca diet. Pup, Zn, Cu and Fe contents were significantly decreased and Ca was significantly increased by high-Cd in the maternal diet whereas pup Mg content was unchanged. Maternal Ca intake had no effect on concentration of Zn, Cu, Fe or Ca in newborn pups. The biological importance of the alteration in maternal and fetal tissue concentration of Zn, Cu and Fe by high-Cd maternal diets is unknown.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗