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Biomedical subjects

E F Scanlon

Publications and source records attributed to E F Scanlon.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Thyroid hormone administration in irradiated patients.

In a recall clinic for patients at risk for thyroid carcinoma due to a history of radiation in infancy or childhood, a group of patients were randomly offered prospective suppressive L-thyroxine therapy and matched to a radiated nontreated group. With an average of more than two years' follow-up, the thyroid hormone-treated radiated group developed fewer nodules and abnormalities to palpation and also had a statistically significant lessening of minimal palpable abnormalities compared to the nonthyroxine-treated radiated group.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Milliwatt carbon dioxide laser and hepatic surgery in mice: surgical technique and pathology.

The milliwatt carbon dioxide laser was used to induce focal lesions and to perform wedge resections in the livers of 75 strain A mice. The procedures were feasible and well tolerated by the mice, with only one postoperative death in the wedge resection group in an early experiment. The hepatic lesions produced by the laser were characterized histologically by an inner area of vaporization, an intermediate area of coagulation necrosis, and an outer rim of cells with variable damage. The lesions healed by fibroblastic proliferation and scar formation with no hepatocytic contribution. The small vessel and bile ductule sealing effect of CO2 laser, together with the sound healing of laser-induced wounds, highlights the usefulness of this modality in liver surgery in general, and suggests its particular application in the treatment of liver trauma and a variety of hepatic focal lesions, neoplastic or otherwise.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Magnetic-induction hyperthermia. Results of a 5-year multi-institutional national cooperative trial in advanced cancer patients.

Nine US institutions performed 14,807 Phase I-II treatments of magnetic-induction (Magnetrode [Henry Medical Electronics, Inc., Los Angeles, CA]) hyperthermia in 1170 adults. All had advanced tumors: 20% had untreated inoperable cancer or disease progression despite surgery (10%), radiation therapy (XRT) (3%), chemotherapy (27%), or combinations (40%); 67% had pain; and 79% had reduced activity. Eighteen percent were advanced primaries, 26% were recurrent, and 56% metastatic tumors in the head and neck (7%), body wall (7%), extremity (4%), abdominal cavity (17%), pelvis (17%), lung (15%), or liver (30%); 36% were less than 5 cm and 64% greater than or equal to 5 cm. Treatments were to safe tolerance for 30 to 60 minutes for five or more treatments. Results in 960 evaluable patients were complete response 9% (1-34 months; median, 7 months), partial response 18% (1-39 months; median, 4 months), minimal response 10% (1-15 months; median, 3 months), and no change 33% (1-32 months; median, 3 months), with decreased pain in 30% and improved activity in 21%, independent of histologic type or site. Regression was dependent on treatment type and minimum temperature: heat only, 23%; heat + XRT, 60%; heat + less-than-standard XRT because of prior XRT failure, 39%, heat + intravenous (IV) chemotherapy, 28%; heat + same previously failed IV chemotherapy, 20%; heat + intraarterial (IA) chemotherapy, 28%; heat + same previously failed IA chemotherapy, 15%; heat + standard XRT + chemotherapy, 58%; heat + less-than-standard XRT + chemotherapy, 47%; less than 40 degrees C, 31%; 40 to 40.9 degrees C, 45%; 41 to 41.9 degrees C, 54%; 42 to 42.9 degrees C, 47%; 43 to 43.9 degrees C, 40%; 44 to 44.9 degrees C, 33%; 45 to 45.9 degrees C, 55%; 46 to 46.9 degrees C, 63%; greater than 47 degrees C, 100%. There were 49 (0.33%) skin burns and 2 systemic injuries (stomach ulcer at 1 month; lung fibrosis at 9 months). This trial indicates that localized hyperthermia has a significant role in palliation of human advanced solid cancer.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1985

James Ewing lecture. The process of metastasis.

Carcinoma begins in the epithelium, and after penetrating the basement membrane, either compresses or destroys surrounding normal cells. Small numbers of tumor cells detach from this invading tumor mass to float as tumor emboli in the interstitial compartment. These tumor emboli may travel for considerable distance in the interstitial compartment and may remain dormant in that location for long periods of time, until some event such as the ingrowth of blood vessels permits the cells to grow and divide. Some of the tumor emboli floating in the interstitial fluid will be washed through clefts in the small lymphatic capillaries to be carried along in the lymph stream to the regional lymph nodes or the vascular system. Lymphatic venous anastomoses throughout the body permit systemic dissemination of the cancer cells without passing through the lymph nodes, and tumor emboli return through the arterial capillaries to the interstitial compartment. The swifter the current, the less likely the pathologist is to observe tumor cells on random sections. A demonstration on microscopic slides of tumor cells in the larger lymphatics or the veins is a measure of the quantity of cells being disseminated rather than a demonstration of the qualitative factor of aggressive behavior.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1985

Tn, a carcinoma-associated antigen, reacts with anti-Tn of normal human sera.

Tn antigen is the immediate precursor of the carcinoma (CA)-associated T antigen; both are masked in non-CA tissues. Tn antigen was detected by absorption of human anti-Tn antibody in 46 of 50 primary breast CAs and in all 6 metastases originating from Tn-positive primary CAs. Thirteen of 25 (52%) anaplastic CAs, but only 2 of 15 (13%) well differentiated CAs had more Tn than T; 1 anaplastic CA had neither antigen. Eighteen of 20 benign breast lesions had no Tn; the 2 positive lesions were premalignant. All 19 breast CAs, studied immunohistochemically, reacted strongly with human polyclonal anti-Tn; benign or normal glandular tissues had minimal or no reactivity. Among live cancer cell lines, the most malignant sublines had more Tn than T on their cell surfaces. Preliminary studies with rodent monoclonal anti-Tn and anti-T antibodies gave immunohistochemical reactivity patterns similar to those of the polyclonal antibodies, but the former were less sensitive in absorption tests. Tn is a CA marker that promises to be useful in tumor detection.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Early onset of tetany following thyroidectomy: report of two cases.

The most common complication of total thyroidectomy is hypocalcemia. Following thyroidectomy, especially total thyroidectomy, the serum calcium usually falls gradually and patients do not usually require supplementary medication before 24 hours. Two cases of total thyroidectomy are presented in which the preoperative serum calcium levels were normal and hypocalcemic tetany developed in the recovery room immediately after the operation. The hypocalcemia was a temporary phenomenon, and neither patient requires supplementary calcium at the present time. There is no good explanation for this precipitous drop in the serum calcium levels in these two patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Local recurrence in the pectoralis muscles following modified radical mastectomy for carcinoma.

Local recurrence following treatment of carcinoma of the breast is usually associated with systemic metastases. However, there are some cases in which local disease is the only manifestation of recurrence, and long-term survival can be achieved in these patients with aggressive treatment. Ten cases of apparent isolated metastasis in the pectoralis muscle following modified radical mastectomy are presented and good results were obtained in some cases utilizing surgery or x-ray therapy or a combination. It is worth noting that reconstruction would not have interfered with the detection of these recurrences, if the implant had been placed under the muscle.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Combined effect of trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and hyperthermia on murine and human tumor cells.

trans-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II), a paradigm of an inactive platinum compound, exhibited cytotoxic effect against HEP-2 human tumor cells, TA3Ha murine tumor cells, and freshly collected human ovarian carcinoma cells when combined with hyperthermia (43 degrees, 30 min). The heat treatment reduced the D0 of trans-platinum from 56 to 16.5 micrograms/ml in the HEP-2 system and from an undeterminable value at 37 degrees to 8.2 micrograms/ml in the TA3Ha system. Heat treatment before trans-platinum was more cytotoxic than that after trans-platinum in the TA3Ha system (P less than 0.001). TA3Ha cells treated in vitro with 40 micrograms/ml TDDP at 43 degrees failed to form tumors in mice upon subcutaneous implantation into the tails of mice. In contrast, these agents given singly did not alter the tumor-forming ability of TA3Ha cells. In vivo administration of trans-platinum after hyperthermia (43 degrees for 30 min) retarded the growth of TA3Ha tumors compared to either treatment alone. trans-Platinum did not form detectable DNA-interstrand cross-links in the HEP-2 cells treated at 37 degrees or 43 degrees. However, the DNA-protein cross-links were detectable under these conditions. The frequencies of DNA-protein cross-links were higher in the cells treated at 43 degrees than in those treated at 37 degrees, both immediately after and 12 h after the treatment with trans-platinum. Heat alone did not induce the formation of either DNA-interstrand or DNA-protein cross-links. Heat treatment did not appear to enhance the entry of trans-platinum into the cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Further studies on the detection of early lung and breast carcinoma by T antigen.

We measured the cellular and humoral autoimmune response to carcinoma (CA)-associated T antigen in patients with the earliest clinical stages of lung (T1N0M0) and breast (Tis) CA. We used desialylated MN glycoprotein from healthy human erythrocytes in a single measurement of 1) delayed-type skin hypersensitivity response (DTHR-T) and 2) humoral anti-T response with a solid-phase immunoassay (SPIA-T). DTHR-T detected 19/20 lung CA and 10/12 ductal and 7/10 lobular breast CA patients. Sixteen of 18 stage T1N0M0 lung CA patients had a positive SPIA-T as did 7/8 patients with Tis breast CA. Two of 35 patients with benign lung and 11/144 with benign breast disease had a positive DTHR-T. None of 160 persons with either other non-CA diseases or healthy had a positive DTHR-T. Three of 68 such control subjects had a positive SPIA-T. The difference between CA patients and control populations is statistically highly significant.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1984

The case for and against two-step procedure for the surgical treatment of breast cancer.

In recent years there have been numerous suggestions that malignant breast tumors are best handled by a two-step procedure. The bases for these suggestions evolve from two factors. There is a perceived desire on the part of the patient to know the exact diagnosis prior to having a general anesthetic so that all treatment options can be thoroughly explored and a mutually acceptable operative procedure decided on. The interval between the biopsy and the definitive operation can be used to study those conditions that would modify treatment decisions. A contrary view holds that a one-stage procedure eliminates the need for a biopsy as a separate operation, is more acceptable to some patients who do not wish to worry during the 1-day or 2-day interval between the two stages, and routine testing in the asymptomatic patient with Stage I or Stage II breast carcinoma will yield positive results in only 1% to 2% of the cases and is probably not worthwhile. In recent years, the increasing acceptance of aspiration biopsy has eliminated the need for a formal excisional biopsy in most cases. For the patient who prefers a one-stage procedure, an aspiration biopsy in the office is probably not worthwhile. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy with cytology is less painful and more accurate than core needle biopsy. A negative result on an aspiration biopsy should not be accepted as definitive where there are other clinical indications that the lesion may be malignant. Women with large breasts who have a small lesion located near the chest wall or who have a nonpalpable lesion detected by mammography are not good candidates for aspiration biopsy; neither are they good candidates for excisional biopsy under local anesthesia as an outpatient.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of breast carcinoma recurrent after adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.

Between July 1975 and June 1979, 194 patients with State II or III breast carcinoma were randomized to receive either L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM), cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil and prednisolone (CFP), or CFP and BCG. Sixty-one patients have recurred despite the adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy trial. Fifty-three are evaluable for survival and 36 for response to chemo-hormonal therapy. Those treated with a chemo-hormonal regimen for their first recurrence exhibited a 53% objective response rate to cytotoxic therapy or a 35% response to hormonal therapy. Prior exposure to L-PAM, cyclophosphamide, or 5-fluorouracil did not preclude response to "salvage" therapy regimens containing those agents. Neither menopausal status, estrogen receptor content, size of the primary tumor, adjuvant treatment, nor extent of the recurrence had any effect on subsequent survival. Overall, the entire group exhibited median survival of 37 months from initial diagnosis and 13 months from recurrence. Unlike recurrent Hodgkin's disease, there was no demonstrable relationship between the length of the disease-free interval and the likelihood of subsequent response to cytotoxic or hormonal treatment. Comparison is made to the results of "salvage" therapy administered after three other large adjuvant treatment series.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1984

Bilateral intrathyroidal hyperplastic parathyroid glands.

A patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism was found to have two intrathyroidal parathyroid glands. Parathyroid glands are found completely within the substance of the thyroid in approximately 2 to 8% of all cases. The surgical approach to hyperparathyroidism is discussed.

Functional Laterality↗
PubMed1984

The solitary pulmonary nodule in the patient with breast cancer.

A solitary pulmonary nodule appearing in a patient with breast cancer, either past or present, is most likely to be a second primary cancer originating in the lung rather than a metastasis from the breast cancer. Between 1970 and 1983 there were at this institution 1416 patients with breast cancer and 579 patients with bronchogenic cancer, 198 of whom were women. Among the patients with breast cancer, 42 (or 3% of all of the patients with breast cancer) had a solitary pulmonary nodule either at the time of presentation of their breast cancer or during the follow-up period. Fifty-two percent of the solitary pulmonary nodules proved to be a primary lung tumor, 5% proved to be benign lesions, and only 43% proved to be metastatic breast cancer. Patients with breast cancer with solitary pulmonary nodules should have a diagnostic workup appropriate for lung cancer. Since adenocarcinoma has become the most common lung cancer cell type, the usual diagnostic tests may not allow a firm differentiation between primary lung and secondary breast cancer. Therefore if malignancy is proved or suspected, thoracotomy with appropriate resection is the treatment of choice in most patients with breast cancer, even at the initial appearance of the breast cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Effect of localized hyperthermia on TA3Ha tumor transplanted subcutaneously in the tails of mice.

Localized hyperthermia (43 degrees) in single or multiple fractions was applied to mouse mammary adenocarcinoma TA3Ha implanted into the s.c. tail tissue of strain A mice. The effects of heat on the growth of local tumors, on the pattern of metastasis, and on the survival periods of the hosts were studied. Hyperthermia was administered by heating the tumor-bearing tails in a water bath. Multiple 30-min hyperthermia treatments at 5- or 7-day intervals controlled local tumor growth better than did a single 30-min treatment or multiple 30-min treatments at 3-day intervals or at intervals longer than 7 days. Heat treatments that produced cytostatic effects on tumors, sparing the normal tissue, had no effect on either the survival of the hosts or the extent of metastasis to the lungs and the lumbar lymph nodes. However, local treatments reduced the frequency of renal lymph node metastasis, indicating that concurrent metastases in different sites may exhibit differential heat sensitivities.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.

A retrospective analysis of all patients having the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin at a single hospital over a ten-year period was performed. These lesions are less common than both basal cell carcinomas and malignant melanomas. Noninvasive squamous cell carcinomas were not observed to recur. There was a 20% incidence of recurrence in 86 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The presence of solar changes in the skin did not obviate recurrence. The larger, less differentiated lesions had a greater probability of recurrence. When the depth of invasion of the lesions were determined, it was found that only the lesions that penetrated to Clark's Level IV or V recurred. Squamous cell carcinomas that penetrate to this depth have the potential to recur and metastasize to regional lymph nodes and should be considered malignant lesions, even if they are associated with actinic skin changes.

Aged↗