Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Evans

Publications and source records attributed to E Evans.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Special diets in hospitals: discrepancy between what is prescribed and what is eaten.

An assessment has been made in four hospitals of the food eaten by 40 patients on special diets restricted in energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein, or sodium. The diets eaten by most patients were significantly different from those prescribed, partly because of patients' unrestricted access to food they possessed or could buy in the ward, but mainly because of the extra or alternative foods provided by ward staff. Not only may the patients, progress be prevented or hindered by excessive consumption but also the lack of progress may be interpreted as indicating that the dietary treatment has failed rather than that it has not been followed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1975

Effects upon glucose metabolism of feeding a low- or high-roughage diet at two levels of intake to sheep.

1. To determine the effect of diet and level of energy intake on glucose metabolism in sheep, four dietary treatments consisting of feeding a low-roughage (LR) and a high-roughage (HR) diet at each of two intake levels estimated to provide 586 and 1172 kJ (140 and 280 kcal) digestible energy (DE)/kg body-weight-0.75 per d were given to each of eight yearling rams in four different time periods each of 4 weeks duration. Both diets contained 140 g crude protein/kg using ground maize, mixed hay and soya-bean meal and were given in two meals/d. Estimated DE values of food were verified during the study and actual intakes of DE were within 9.5% of the estimated values. 2. To study glucose metabolism, a single intravenous injection of ]2-3H]glucose and subsequent withdrawal of nine venous blood samples with 3 h were made in each experiment. Two experiments were conducted on consecutive days for each sheep on each dietary treatment. 3. Coefficients of determination (r2) for linear regressions to measure the effect of time after a single injection of [2-3H)glucose on log specific radioactivity of plasma glucose were calculated for fifty-eight experiments. In fifty-six of the experiments, r2 values exceeding 0-95 were obtained. 4. Compared to the HR diet, the LR diet increased (P smaller than 0-05) the pool size and decreased (P smaller than 0-05) the half-life of glucose. At both intake levels, the LR diet increased (P smaller than 0-05) the plasma concentration and the entry rate of glucose compound to the HR diet but interaction (P smaller than 0-05) between diet and intake level was attributed to a greater difference obtained between diets at the higher compared to the lower level of food intake. Increasing the level of intake caused a greater (P smaller than 0-05) pool size and space, and a shorter (P smaller than 0-05) half-life of glucose. 5. It was concluded that substitution of roughage by concentrate in a ruminant's diet may increase the rate of glucose entry during a short time period after eating.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1975

Bulking agents in the treatment of obesity.

The effect of two bulk-forming appetite depressants, methylcellulose and gum guar, on food intake has been studied in 11 (4 male, 7 female) healthy volunteers--3 of whom were overweight. 10 g of active ingredient were given in two equal doses daily for periods of 1 week of each agent. Individually weighed dietary intakes were obtained over four consecutive weeks; the first and third weeks were without medication. Both gum guar and methylcellulose were equally effective in reducing appetite by 10%.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Glucose metabolism in cows fed low- and high-roughage diets.

Six lactating first-calf Holstein cows were used to test the effect of dietary roughage on glucose metabolism. Cows were fed either a low-roughage or high-roughage diet at isocaloric digestible energy intakes in a double changeover design experiment. Mean values (plus or minus standard deviation) for milk yield (kg/day), fat (%), lactose (%), and protein (%) for cows fed low-roughage were 19.0 plus or minus 4.4, 3.11 plus or minus .78, 5.19 plus or minus .27, 3.44 plus or minus .48; values for cows fed high-roughage were 17.5 plus or minus 5.1, 3.99 plus or minus .58, 4.94 plus or minus .25, and 2.78 plus or minus .33. One hour post-feeding on the 20th day of each period 2 mCi of tritiated glucose were administered to each cow by single injection to measure glucose kinetics. Mean values (plus or minus standard deviation) for plasma concentration (mg/100 ml) pool size (mg/kg), half-time (min), and utilization rate (mg/kg--75 per min) of glucose, and plasma insulin concentration (muU/ml) for cows fed low-roughage were 63.1 plus or minus 3.9, 17.9 plus or minus 3.4, 30.4 plus or minus 5.2, 8.55 plus or minus 2.44, and 22.0 plus or minus 3.9; for cows fed high-roughage values were 54.9 plus or minus 2.2, 114.5 plus or minus 17.2, 40.0 plus or minus 2.2, 4.06 plus or minus .38, and 16.2 plus or minus 2.4. A glucose load was administered intravenously to each cow on the last day of each period. Glucose half-times and mean plasma insulin following the clearance test were not affected by diet. Compared to high-roughage, low-roughage diets greatly affect metabolism in lactating cows when isocaloric intakes of each are fed. Fat depression, however, may or may not occur simultaneously.

Animal Feed↗