Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Eschwege

Publications and source records attributed to E Eschwege.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[A study of the knowledge of diabetics (author's transl)].

One hundred and forty five diabetics regularly attending a hospital clinic were submitted to a questionnaire assessing their knowledge of diabetes. The patients had previously been instructed in urine glucose analysis, insulin injections, diet and hypoglycaemic attacks. Despite this, they appeared to be neither better controlled nor more painstaking with their disease than before education. The replies to the questionnaire revealed that the patients had poor understanding of the symptoms and of the long-term complications of diabetes, of the criteria of good control, and of the proportion of carbohydrate in common food. Moreover, they held many fallacious ideas with regard to these concepts. The results suggest that although these diabetics had acquired sufficient knowledge to avoid the acute metabolic disturbances of diabetes and to lead a day-to-day existence with a minimum of harmful effects, they were not properly aware of the long-term consequences of diabetes and of the overall strategy for the good management of their disease. An improved educational strategy appears necessary to enable diabetics to take better care of themselves.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Prevalence of diabetes in a random sample from the gouvernorat of Tunis (author's transl)].

Prevalence of diabetes was estimated on the basis of both interviewing the subjects and measuring fasting blood glucose among a one per cent random sample from the population of the Gouvernorat of Tunis. Sampling was done using the household as unit and three stages of randomization. The number of households investigated was 1 449, a total of 9 712 subjects. In this sample, including 45% of males, mean age is equal to 24.8 years in males and 26.0 in females. Globally, prevalence is equal to 2.3%, half-composed of previously known diabetics. In more than 50% of them, the disease was revealed by cardinal symptoms and 17% are insulin-treated. The frequency of the disease, already known or newly diagnosed, is steadily lower than 1% in the first classes of age and then distinctly increases from thirty years of age in males and forty in females, reaching a value close to 10% after sixty years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Amniotic fluid C-peptide in normal and insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies.

Glucose, insulin and C-peptide were determined in amniotic fluid from 28 normal and 46 insulin-treated diabetic pregnant women. Glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations in amniotic fluid were higher in the diabetics than in the normal subjects. In diabetic women insulin levels did not correlate with birth weight or birth weight adjusted for gestational age, but C-peptide did. C-peptide correlated poorly with insulin (p < 0.05) in diabetics but closely (p < 0.002) in normal subjects. These results suggest that amniotic fluid investigations in insulin-treated diabetic women should use C-peptide assays as these seem to reflect more closely the insulin production of the fetus than do insulin assays. There were no differences in amniotic fluid glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations where the amniotic fluid lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio indicated fetal pulmonary maturity or immaturity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Relationship of plasma insulin levels to the incidence of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease mortality in a middle-aged population.

The possible role of plasma insulin levels as a risk factor of coronary heart disease has been studied in a population of 7246 non diabetic, working men, aged 43-54 years, initially free from heart disease, and followed for 63 months on average. 128 new coronary heart disease events (non fatal myocardial infarction and coronary related deaths) were detected during this period. The annual risk is analysed by a multivariate model including age, serum cholesterol and triglycerides, blood pressure, smoking, obesity, plasma glucose and insulin fasting and 2 hours after a 75 g oral glucose load. It is shown that the fasting plasma insulin level and the fasting insulin-glucose ratio are positively associated with risk independent of the other factors. The same variables, 2 hours after the glucose load are also positively associated with risk but their contributions are not significant in the multivariate analysis. It is concluded that high insulin levels may constitute an independet risk factor for coronary heart disease complications in middle aged non diabetic men.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Dietary behavior during pregnancy (author's transl)].

A study on dietary behavior during pregnancy was performed between June and December 1975 at the Saint Antoine Maternity Hospital in Paris. In addition to the routine clinical examinations at the 3rd, 6th, 8th and 9th month of pregnancy, the women were systematically questioned on their dietary and tobacco habits. Results show that: (1) the mean caloric intake is constant during the first trimester and then significantly decreases in the last two trimesters (2) the fatter the woman before pregnancy, the lower the caloric intake at the successive examinations (3) the total weight gain is positively related to the caloric intake during the first trimester, but not related to the dietary data observed at the 6th, 8th or 9th examinations (4) birth weight seems to be more related to body size before pregnancy than to weight gain.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Delayed progression of diabetic retinopathy by divided insulin administration: a further follow-up.

We have previously reported a slower rate of progression in the number of microaneurysms in insulin dependent diabetic patients treated by divided insulin injections when compared to patients receiving a single daily insulin injection [Diabetes 25, 463--469 (1976)]. This observation is strengthened by the present analysis which uses complementary data obtained after a further year follow up: the mean yearly increase in the number of microaneurysms was 9 +/- 1 in the single injection group and 3 +/- 1 in the multiple one (p less than 0.001).

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1979

[Multicenter epidemiological survey of primary myocardiopathies. Apropos of 380 cases].

A retrospective study of adult congestive cardiomyopathy was carried out; the admission criteria being heart failure with cardiomegaly after the exclusion of known causes of heart failure. Coronary artery disease was excluded by forming two sub groups, one with proven normal coronary arteries at angiography or autopsy and the other with only assumedly normal coronary arteries. The results concern the study of the incidence of this disease which has been regularly seen over the last 10 years in departments with a large number of referrals of cardiomyopathy. --Professional factors are analysed to see if there is a higher incidence amongst the working classes. --Other factors are analysed by comparison with three control groups: normal, coronary and valvular disease, and diabetes which may be a predisposing factor, but not the serum cholesterol which is decreased in these patients. There is a significant association with smoking and alcoholism and the main biological sign of the latter condition, macrocytosis. This is also found in both coronary sub groups. The isolation of this alcohol factor in the genesis of congestive cardiomyopathy implies the possibility of reversing or stabilising the myocardial damage after its withdrawal, so changing the severe diagnosis associated with this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in 132 insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies.

A total of 228 determinations of L/S ratios were performed in 132 insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies. A declining L/S ratio was observed in 6 per cent of the cases without adverse effects on the fetus. No significant difference in the percentage of mature L/S ratios by weeks of pregnancy was found in the different classes of diabetes. An immature L/S ratio was associated with a significant increase of low Apgar scores. At each stage of pregnancy, there was no significant difference in the percentage of mature L/S ratios according to the sex of the baby nor according to the presence or absence of polyhydramnios. Among the five infants with HMD two had a mature L/S ratio within 2 days of birth. This represents 3 per cent incidence of false-positive results. Despite this finding, we feel that the determination of L/S ratio is a useful advance in the management of diabetic pregnancies.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1978

Blood cells and alcohol consumption with special reference to smoking habits.

In the course of the Paris study on risk factors of cardiovascular disease in a large professional group, 7710 active and apparently healthy men aged between 48 and 54 were examined. This study measured the relationship between clinical abnormalities suggesting alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and the following blood parameters: white (WBC) and red (RBC) blood cell counts, haematocrit (H), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the former computed as H/RBC ratio. A subsequent analysis was performed on a random sample of 485 subjects without ALD who were questioned on their daily average alcohol consumption. Each subject was classified as ;smoker' or ;non-smoker' according to his daily tobacco consumption for the last five years. Analysis of the data confirmed that smoking and alcohol were related to the blood parameters; but, according to smoking habit, different relationships between alcohol consumption (or ALD) and MCV, RBC, or WBC counts were found: for smokers, RBC count significantly decreased and MCV increased with alcohol consumption (or ALD); for non-smokers, WBC count significantly increased with alcohol consumption (or ALD). So, it would be of interest to consider the relation between alcohol and tobacco in interpreting possible changes in blood parameters and in formulating hypotheses on the mechanisms of their specific action.

Alcohol Drinking↗